scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE OF HIV RECOMBINANT FORMS IN RUSSIA AND COUNTRIES OF THE CIS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND METAANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Pasechnik ◽  
A. I. Blokh
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Russian Science Citation Index ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Hiv 1

This review was to aimed to access the prevalence of HIV recombinant forms in Russia and countries of the CIS, which have  close social and economic ties. We conducted a search in Russian  Science Citation Index and PubMed for a depth of 8 years. We  included 22 articles, which contained the results of 35 independent  cross-sectional studies, in our review. Meta-analysis of HIV  recombinant forms prevalence was conducted in Open Meta-analyst  with the use of Der Simonian & Laird method, arcsin transformation  and correction factor for zero values. Subgroup analysis was used  along with meta-regression (by date of collection). Pooled prevalence of HIV recombinant forms was 21.3% (95% CI 16.2–26.5) and was  highly heterogeneous. Blood samples from 3,494 HIV patients living  in various regions of the Russian Federation and CIS countries —  Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Armenia,  Georgia — were examined. Among subtypes of HIV-1, the main  share was occupied by subtype A — 75.6% (n = 2643), subtype B —  5.5% (n = 193), C — 0.8% (n = 31), G — 0.2% (n = 7), F —  0.14% (n = 5). Among the recombinant forms (n = 616), the  fraction of CRF02_ AG was 39.6% (n = 244), CRF02_AG/A was  32.9% (n = 203), CRF63_02A1 was 15.9% (n = 98), CRF03_AB —  5.2% (n = 32), CRF06_cpx — 2.1% (n = 13). Unique recombinant  forms were 2.7% (n = 17), including URF63_A1 (2.5%). In Russia, the highest prevalence of recombinant forms of HIV-1 was  registered in the Siberian Federal District (33.2% (95% CI 12.2– 54.1), the lowest in the Northwest Federal District — 1.6% (95% CI  0.9–2.3). In the CIS countries, the highest prevalence of  recombinant forms of HIV-1 is found in a subgroup of the Central  Asian republics — Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan —  51.7% (95% CI 38.5–64.9). The significant upward trend was shown with a meta-regression. Our review is the first such research in  Russia and thus is of significant interest, but the result should be  applied with caution due to high risk of publication bias as well as significant heterogeneity of our results.

scholarly journals Prevalence And Definitions of Polypharmacy: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahin Delara ◽  
Lauren Murray ◽  
Behnaz Jafari ◽  
Anees Bahji ◽  
Zahra Goodarzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Meta Regression

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Polypharmacy is common associated with several adverse health outcomes. There are currently no systematic reviews or meta-analyses on the prevalence of polypharmacy and associated factors. We aimed to identify population-based observational studies reporting on the prevalence of polypharmacy and factors associated with polypharmacy. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases with no restriction on date. Population-based observational studies with cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort designs using administrative databases or registries to define or measure polypharmacy among individuals over 19. Using a standardized form, two reviewers independently extracted study characteristics, a crude prevalence rate of polypharmacy and its standard error with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The risk of bias and quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The main outcome was the prevalence of polypharmacy and factors associated with polypharmacy. Using a random-effects model, pooled prevalence estimates with 95% CI was reported. Subgroup analysis was performed if significant heterogeneity was explored. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to predict polypharmacy prevalence.RESULTS: 106 full-text articles were identifies using 21 unique terms with 138 descriptive definitions of polypharmacy. The pooled estimated prevalence polypharmacy in studies reporting all medication classes was 37% (95% CI: 31%-43%). Differences in polypharmacy prevalence were reported for studies using different numerical threshold and polypharmacy was also associated with study year in meta-regression. Sex, study geography, study design and study setting were not associated with differences in polypharmacy prevalence. DISCUSSION: Our review highlights that polypharmacy is common particularly among older adults and those in inpatient settings. A variety of definitions are used to define polypharmacy and differences in polypharmacy definitions may have implications for understanding the burden or polypharmacy and outcomes associated with polypharmacy. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Clinicians should be aware of the common occurrence of polypharmacy in all populations and undertake efforts to minimize inappropriate polypharmacy whenever possible.

scholarly journals The prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with chronic pancreatitis: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
I. V. Maev ◽  
D. N. Andreev ◽  
Yu. A. Kucheryavyy ◽  
A. I. Levchenko
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
International Association ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Russian Science Citation Index

Aim.Systematization of data on the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Materials and methods.MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) through June 2020 were searched to identify studies evaluating the prevalence of sarcopenia in CP. Additionally, a search for relevant abstracts was carried out in the electronic databases of the conferences of the European Pancreatic Club (EPC), the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) and the European Congress of Radiology (ECR). For the final analysis, publications were selected that used validated muscle mass assessment tests with detailed descriptive statistics to enable the resulting data to be included in the meta-analysis. Results.The final analysis included 7 studies involving 604 patients with CP. The pooled prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with CP was 42.09% (95% confidence interval CI 27.84557.055). There was significant heterogeneity between the results (p0.0001; I2=90.81%). When studies with a total sample of less than 50 patients were excluded from the meta-analysis, the overall prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with CP was 22.24% (95% CI 15.47529.847). Conclusion.The present meta-analysis demonstrated that sarcopenia is a common complication of CP and is observed in about 2 out of 5 patients with this inflammatory disease of the pancreas. Given the high incidence of adverse outcomes associated with sarcopenia, it is necessary to promptly diagnose this pathological condition in patients with CP.

scholarly journals Prevalence of small bowel bacterial overgrowth in patients with functional dyspepsia: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Kucheryavyy ◽  
D. N. Andreev ◽  
I. V. Maev
Keyword(s):  
Functional Dyspepsia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Hydrogen Breath Test ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Russian Science Citation Index ◽  
Tract Disease

Aim.Systematization of data on the frequency of detection of the syndrome of bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine (SIBO) in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). Materials and methods.MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Google Scholar, the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) through July 2020 were searched to identify studies evaluating the prevalence of SIBO in FD. In addition, a search for relevant abstracts was carried out in the electronic databases of the United European Gastroenterology Week (UEG), American College of Gastroenterology (ACG), International Conference on Nutrition and Food (ICNF). For the final analysis, publications were selected that used validated tests for the assessment of SIBO (hydrogen breath test using glucose or lactulose) with detailed descriptive statistics, allowing the resulting data to be included in the meta-analysis. Results.The final analysis included 7 studies with 1248 patients with FD. Overall pooled prevalence of SIBO in patients with FD was 34.73% (95% CI 24.80745.383). There was significant heterogeneity between the results (p0.0001; I2=89.91%). When excluded from the meta-analysis of a study in which the incidence of SIBO was studied in patients with refractory FD, the pooled prevalence was 38.98% (95% CI 28.96449.490). Conclusion.This meta-analysis has demonstrated that SIBO is often associated with FD and is observed in about every third patient with this functional gastrointestinal tract disease.

scholarly journals Efficacy of butyric acid inclusion in eradication regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection: a meta-analysis of controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
D. N. Andreev ◽  
Yu. A. Kucheryavyy ◽  
I. V. Maev
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Russian Science Citation Index ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
H Pylori

Aim. Systematization of data on the efficacy and safety of butyric acid inclusion in eradication therapy (ET) regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods. Research searches were carried out in the electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Google Scholar, the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) until November 2020. All controlled studies comparing the efficacy and/or safety of including butyric acid in ET regimens for H. pylori infection were included in the final analysis. Results. The meta-analysis included 6 controlled studies (1 Italy, 5 Russia) involving 736 patients (381 in the ET groups with butyric acid; 355 in the comparison groups). The pooled eradication efficiency in the butyric acid groups was 90.23% (95% confidence interval CI 86.73493.069), while in the comparison groups it was 65.69% (95% CI 60.44170.669). Meta-analysis showed that the addition of butyric acid to ET regimens significantly increased the eradication efficiency (odds ratio OR 5.355, 95% CI 3.5048.184; p0.001). There was no significant heterogeneity between results (p=0.1408; I2=42.1%). The addition of butyric acid to ET regimens significantly reduces the risk of diarrhea (OR 0.225, 95% CI 0.09230.549; p=0.001; I2=34.21%) and abdominal distention (OR 0.357, 95% CI 0.1550.818; p=0.015; I2=80.13%) by the end of the 1st week of treatment. Conclusion. The present meta-analysis demonstrated that the inclusion of butyric acid in ET regimens for H. pylori infection significantly increases the effectiveness of treatment and reduce the incidence of side effects. Apparently, the increase in the effectiveness of eradication is due to an increase in patient compliance with treatment due to an improvement in the safety profile of therapy.

scholarly journals HIV-1 seroprevalence in the general population of Salvador, Bahia State, Northeast Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Dourado ◽  
Craig A. Milroy ◽  
Marco Antônio Gomes Mello ◽  
Geraldo Argolo Ferraro ◽  
Humberto Castro-Lima Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hiv 1

To estimate HIV-1 seroprevalence in the general population of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 3,437 residents from 1998 to 2000. Subjects were drawn from 30 sentinel areas representing a wide range of living conditions. Plasma samples were screened for HIV-1 antibodies by ELISA and confirmed by immunofluorescent assay. Subtype determination by HMA was performed after proviral DNA amplification. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony was performed with the neighbor-joining method. Overall HIV-1 seroprevalence was 0.55% (19/3,446): 0.8% for men and 0.36% for women. Seroprevalence was higher in the 31-45-year age group (1%) and among persons with family income less than twice the minimum wage (0.78%) as compared to 0.33% for the higher income group. Syphilis was detected in 37% of HIV seropositive individuals. Phylogenetic inferences identified 10 samples as subtype B in the env region and 2 samples with Benv/Fgag/Fpol and Fenv/Bgag. Age > 30 years, male gender, and income < 2 times the minimum wage were identified as risk factors for HIV-1 infection. Extrapolating the proportion of seropositive individuals to Salvador, the number of HIV-1 infected individuals was estimated at 13,750.

scholarly journals Serum Cytokines in Erythema Nodosum Leprosum Versus Non-Reactional Leprosy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Katrina R. Gervasio ◽  
Felix Paolo J. Lizarondo ◽  
Belen L. Dofitas
Keyword(s):  
Erythema Nodosum ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Erythema Nodosum Leprosum ◽  
Keywords Cytokines ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Background. Erythema nodosum leprosum is an immune-mediated complication of leprosy whose underlying mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated, making management difficult.Objectives. To determine the serum cytokine profile of ENL compared to non-reactional leprosy states. Methods. An open literature search was performed using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, TRIP and HERDIN electronic databases using the keywords ("cytokines" or “inflammatory mediators”) and (“erythema nodosum leprosum” or “ENL”) and (“leprosy” or “lepra”). Studies were selected by two independent review authors. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results. Eight cross-sectional studies with 197 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed that both serum IL-17 and serum IFN-γ were significantly decreased (Z 2.39, p = 0.02 and Z 2.74, p = 0.01, respectively) in ENL compared to non-reactional states. However, for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-22, TNF-α and TGF-β, no significant differences were found between the two groups. Conlusion. ENL appears to be an exacerbation of the Th2 cytokine response seen in the lepromatous pole of leprosy. However, despite pooling of data, sample sizes remain small resulting in significant heterogeneity. Future studies involving large sample sizes and investigating a wider range of cytokines are encouraged.

Abstract 14339: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Risk of Clinical Cardiovascular Events: A Meta-Analysis

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toufik Mahfood Haddad ◽  
Shadi Hamdeh ◽  
Mahesh Anantha Narayanan ◽  
Arun Kanmanthareddy ◽  
Venkata M Alla
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Background: Numerous studies have assessed the association of Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) withcardiovascular disease (CVD). However, results have been conflicting due to variability in definitionsof NAFLD and ascertainment of CVD, often combining clinical and surrogate endpoints. We therefore systematically reviewed published literature to assess the association between NAFLD and clinical cardiovascular events. Methods: We searched Medline, Cochrane, google scholar, CINAHL, and Web of Sciencedatabasesusing terms “nonalcoholic fatty liver disease”, “cardiovascular disease”, and their combinations to identify studies published through March 2015. Data from selected studies was extracted and meta-analysis was then performed using Random effects model following the PRISMA guidelines. Publication bias and heterogeneity wereassessed. The main outcome measure was Odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI. Clinical CVD was defined as symptomatic coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, coronary or peripheral intervention, ischemic stroke, and symptomatic peripheral vascular disease. Results: A total of 7 studies with 14634 patients (NAFLD: 4204; controls: 10430) were included in the final analysis. 3 studies were cross- sectional reporting prevalence, while 4 studies were prospective cohort studies reporting incidence. Patients with NAFLD had a significantly higher risk of clinical CVD compared to controls [OR: 3.17; 95% CI: 1.89-5.30, P<0.01) (figure 1A). There was significant heterogeneity (I2=93%). Funnel plot and Begg’s test did not reveal significant publication bias. Separate analyses of the cohort and cross sectional studies and exclusion sensitivity analysis did not alter the findings (figure 1B). Conclusion: NAFLD is associated with a three fold increase in the risk of clinical CVD compared to controls without NAFLD. These results need to be conformed in large prospective studies.

scholarly journals Is Sensory Loss an Understudied Risk Factor for Frailty? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2461-2470
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kye Jyn Tan ◽  
Ryan Eyn Kidd Man ◽  
Alfred Tau Liang Gan ◽  
Eva K Fenwick ◽  
Varshini Varadaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensory Impairments ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Age-related sensory loss and frailty are common conditions among older adults, but epidemiologic research on their possible links has been inconclusive. Clarifying this relationship is important because sensory loss may be a clinically relevant risk factor for frailty. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched 3 databases for observational studies investigating 4 sensory impairments—vision (VI), hearing (HI), smell (SI), and taste (TI)—and their relationships with frailty. We meta-analyzed the cross-sectional associations of VI/HI each with pre-frailty and frailty, investigated sources of heterogeneity using meta-regression and subgroup analyses, and assessed publication bias using Egger’s test. Results We included 17 cross-sectional and 7 longitudinal studies in our review (N = 34,085) from 766 records. Our cross-sectional meta-analyses found that HI and VI were, respectively, associated with 1.5- to 2-fold greater odds of pre-frailty and 2.5- to 3-fold greater odds of frailty. Our results remained largely unchanged after subgroup analyses and meta-regression, though the association between HI and pre-frailty was no longer significant in 2 subgroups which lacked sufficient studies. We did not detect publication bias. Longitudinal studies largely found positive associations between VI/HI and frailty progression from baseline robustness, though they were inconclusive about frailty progression from baseline pre-frailty. Sparse literature and heterogenous methods precluded meta-analyses and conclusions on the SI/TI–frailty relationships. Conclusions Our meta-analyses demonstrate significant cross-sectional associations between VI/HI with pre-frailty and frailty. Our review also highlights knowledge gaps on the directionality and modifiability of these relationships and the impact of SI/TI and multiple sensory impairments on frailty.

Prevalence of idiopathic REM behavior disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calogero Edoardo Cicero ◽  
Loretta Giuliano ◽  
Jaime Luna ◽  
Mario Zappia ◽  
Pierre-Marie Preux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Screening Questionnaires ◽  
Meta Regression

Abstract Study Objectives To provide an overall estimate of the prevalence of idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD). Methods Two investigators have independently searched the PubMed and Scopus databases for population-based studies assessing the prevalence of iRBD. Data about type of diagnosis (polysomnographic diagnosis, defined iRBD [dRBD]; clinical diagnosis, probable RBD [pRBD]), continent, age range of the screened population, quality of the studies, sample size, screening questionnaires and strategies have been gathered. A random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. Heterogeneity was investigated with subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Results From 857 articles found in the databases, 19 articles were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. According to the type of diagnosis, five studies identified dRBD cases given a pooled prevalence of 0.68% (95%CI 0.38-1.05) without significant heterogeneity (Cochran’s Q p=0.11; I 2 = 46.43%). Fourteen studies assessed the prevalence of pRBD with a pooled estimate of 5.65% (95%CI 4.29-7.18) and a significant heterogeneity among the studies (Cochran’s Q p&lt;0.001; I 2 = 98.21%). At the subgroup analysis, significant differences in terms of prevalence were present according to the quality of the studies and, after removing two outlaying studies, according to the continents and the screening questionnaire used. Meta-regression did not identify any significant effect of the covariates on the pooled estimates. Conclusion Prevalence estimates of iRBD are significantly impacted by diagnostic level of certainty. Variations in pRBD prevalence are due to methodological differences in study design and screening questionnaires employed.

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