SUSCETIBILIDADE À INTRUSÃO RADICULAR DE GOTEJADORES CONVENCIONAIS NA IRRIGAÇÃO SUBSUPERFICIAL DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR

SUSCETIBILIDADE À INTRUSÃO RADICULAR DE GOTEJADORES CONVENCIONAIS NA IRRIGAÇÃO SUBSUPERFICIAL DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR Ronaldo Souza Resende1; Rubens Duarte Coelho1; Maria de Lourdes da Silva Leal2; Samuel Silva da Mata21Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, [email protected] de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Tabuleiros Costeiros, Aracaju, SE. 1 RESUMO Foram avaliados, quanto à ocorrência do processo de intrusão de raízes sob irrigação subsuperficial, sete modelos de gotejadores, sendo esses submetidos a duas profundidades de instalação no solo, P15 (0,15m) e P30 (0,3m), e três condições de enraizamento para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar: a) Úmido, no qual o solo era irrigado quando o potencial da água no solo alcançava -30 kPa b) Seco, quando esse potencial atingia -80 kPa e c) Sem Cultivo (SC), usado como controle e com esquema de irrigação idêntico ao tratamento Úmido. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos e em condição de estufa. A vazão dos gotejadores foi medida mensalmente e por um período de 270 dias, o que correspondeu ao ciclo completo da cultura. Os resultados evidenciaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os modelos avaliados e indicaram não ser o regime de umidade do solo determinante para a ocorrência da intrusão de raízes nos gotejadores. UNITERMOS: gotejamento; intrusão de raízes; entupimento RESENDE, R. S.; COELHO, R. D.; LEAL, M. de L. da S.; MATA, S. S. da ROOT INTRUSION SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CONVENTIONAL DRIPPERS IN SUBSUPERFICIAL DRIP IRRIGATION OF SUGAR CANE CROP 2 ABSTRACTS In order to evaluate root intrusion potential in subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) of sugar cane crop, seven emitters were tested under controlled environment (greenhouse and vase conditions). The drippers were installed at two different depths: 0.15m and 0.30m from soil surface (P15 and P30) and analyzed under three watering conditions: 1. Moist : irrigation started when the water potential in soil reached -30 kPa (tensiometer); 2. Dry: irrigation started when the water potential in soil reached -80 kPa; and 3. No crop / Moist (NOC): where the vases were kept without any crop (Control) with the same irrigation level of condition 1, isolated from other factors, which could disturb emitters flow rate. Flow rate readings were taken every month in the sugar cane crop (270 days cycle). The results showed remarkable statistically significant differences among tested emitters. Irrigation frequency and soil water potential did not show significant correlation to root intrusion inside the buried emitters. KEYWORDS: Drip irrigation; root intrusion; clogging

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OBSTRUÇÃO DE GOTEJADORES AUTOCOMPENSANTES ENTERRADOS NA IRRIGAÇÃO DE CITROS CAUSADA POR INTRUSÃO RADICULAR

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2007v12n3p393-408 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 393-408

Author(s):

Rubens Duarte Coelho ◽

Luis Fernando Faria ◽

Ralini Ferreira de Melo

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Root Penetration ◽

Rate Variation ◽

Rate Reduction ◽

Irrigation Level ◽

Potted Plants ◽

Irrigation Flow ◽

Subsurface Drip

OBSTRUÇÃO DE GOTEJADORES AUTOCOMPENSANTES ENTERRADOS NA IRRIGAÇÃO DE CITROS CAUSADA POR INTRUSÃO RADICULAR Rubens Duarte Coelho; Luis Fernando Faria; Ralini Ferreira de MéloDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, [email protected] 1 RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo obter informações sobre o desempenho de gotejadores enterrados (irrigação subsuperficial), quanto à susceptibilidade dos modelos autocompensantes a intrusão radicular baseado na variação de vazão para a cultura do Citros. As mudas de Citros foram irrigadas por sete modelos diferentes de gotejadores de fluxo autocompensante, instalados a duas profundidades (15 e30 cmda superfície do solo) e em dois níveis de depleção de água no solo (tratamentos úmido e seco). O trabalho foi conduzido em vasos e sob ambiente controlado, utilizando mudas de laranjeira Pêra com enxerto de tangerina Cleópatra em estágio inicial de desenvolvimento. Observaram-se até os 120 dias no início do experimento diferenças de desempenho entre os modelos de emissores ensaiados quanto à penetração de raízes e maior instabilidade de vazão, na presença de raízes e partículas de solo, podendo-se agrupar os modelos avaliados em função do grau de redução de vazão observado. Os tratamentos com diferentes níveis de depleção de água no solo (úmido e seco) não diferiram estatisticamente até 120 dias do início do experimento, porém, notou-se que o sistema radicular do Citros foi mais agressivo na profundidade de solo de30 cm para o tratamento com maior umidade no solo (úmido). UNITERMOS: gotejamento, variação de vazão, profundidade COELHO, R. D.; FARIA, L. F.; MELO, R.F. de. OBSTRUCTION OF SELF-COMPENSATED EMITTERS IN SUBSURFACE DRIP CITRUS IRRIGATION (ROOT INTRUSION - SDI) 2 ABSTRACT This work aimed to quantify dripper performance under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), regarding flow rate variation due to the intrusion of citros roots. Potted plants were irrigated by seven different models of self-compensated commercial drippers, at two depths (15 and 30 cm) and two soil water depletion levels (wet and dry treatments). After 120 days from the beginning of the experiment it was possible to identify different performances among studied models, related to the root penetration. It was possible to classify dripper models in relation to the degree of flow rate reduction; the irrigation level treatments did not present conclusive results until 120 days of the beginning of the experiment; however, considering the whole period of the experiment evidences, it was observed that the root system was more aggressive in the deepest soil layer (30 cm) and for the wet treatment. KEYWORDS: drip irrigation, flow variation, depths

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Irrigation Criteria for Drip-irrigated Onions

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.1.63 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 63-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Clinton C. Shock ◽

Erik B.G. Feibert ◽

Lamont D. Saunders

Keyword(s):

Water Potential ◽

Soil Water ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

High Frequency ◽

Soil Water Potential ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Crop Evapotranspiration ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Long Day ◽

Subsurface Drip

Long-day onion (Allium cepa L. `Vision') was subjected to five soil water potential (SWP) treatments (–10, –20, –30, –50, and –70 kPa) using subsurface drip irrigation in 1997 and 1998. Onions were grown on 1.1-m beds with two double rows spaced 0.56 m apart and a drip tape buried 13 cm deep in the bed center. Soil water potential was maintained at the five levels by automated, high-frequency irrigations based on SWP measurements at 0.2-m depth. Onions were evaluated for yield and grade after 70 days of storage. In 1997, total and colossal (bulb diameter ≥102 mm) yield increased with increasing SWP, but marketable yield was highest at a calculated –21 kPa because of greater decomposition in storage in wetter treatments. In 1998 total, marketable, and colossal-grade onion yield increased with increasing SWP. Onion profits were highest with a calculated SWP of –17 kPa in 1997, and at the wettest level tested in 1998. Storage decomposition was not affected by SWP in 1998. Maintenance of SWP at –10 and –20 kPa required, respectively, 912 and 691 mm of water in 1997 and 935 and 589 mm of water in 1998. Onion crop evapotranspiration from emergence to the last irrigation totaled 681 mm in 1997 and 716 mm in 1998.

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Effects of soil water potential on the growth and physiological characteristics ofPopulus tomentosapulpwood plantation under subsurface drip irrigation

Acta Ecologica Sinica ◽

10.5846/stxb201203160352 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (17) ◽

pp. 5318-5329 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

席本野 XI Benye ◽

王烨 WANG Ye ◽

邸楠 DI Nan ◽

贾黎明 JIA Liming ◽

李广德 LI Guangde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Potential ◽

Soil Water ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Soil Water Potential ◽

Physiological Characteristics ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Subsurface Drip

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A Comparison of Onion Production Under Sprinkler, Subsurface Drip, and Furrow Irrigation

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.839a ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 839A-839

Author(s):

Erik B.G. Feibert ◽

Clinton C. Shock ◽

Lamont D. Saunders

Keyword(s):

Water Potential ◽

Soil Water ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Soil Water Potential ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Furrow Irrigation ◽

Crop Evapotranspiration ◽

Granular Matrix ◽

Subsurface Drip

Onion yield and grade were compared under sprinkler, subsurface drip, and furrow irrigation in 1992, 1993, and 1994. Furrow-irrigated onions were planted on two double rows on 1.12-m-wide beds at 352,000 seeds/ha. Sprinkler- and drip-irrigated onions were planted in nine single rows on a 2.24-m-wide bed at 432,100 seeds/acre. Drip plots had three drip lines buried 0.10 m deep in each 2.24-m bed. Soil water potential at 0.2-m depth was measured by tensiometers and granular matrix sensors (Watermark Model 200SS, Irrometer Co., Riverside, Calif.). Furrow irrigations were started when the soil water potential at the 0.2-m depth reached –25 kPa. Drip-irrigated onions had soil water potential at the 0.2-m depth kept wetter than –25 kPa by daily replacement of crop evapotranspiration (Etc). Sprinkler irrigations were started when the accumulated Etc reached 25 mm. Sprinkler irrigation resulted in significantly higher onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1993 and 1994. Sprinkler irrigation resulted in higher marketable onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1993. Drip irrigation resulted in significantly higher onion yield than furrow irrigation every year. Drip irrigation resulted in higher marketable onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1992 and 1994. Marketable onion yield was reduced in 1993 due to rot during storage.

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Onion Storage Decomposition Unaffected by Late-season Irrigation Reduction

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.10.1.176 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 176-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Clinton C. Shock ◽

Erik B.G. Feibert ◽

Lamont D. Saunders

Keyword(s):

Water Potential ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

High Frequency ◽

Total Yield ◽

Soil Water Potential ◽

The Other ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Long Day ◽

Four Levels ◽

Subsurface Drip

Long-day onion (Allium cepa L.) `Vision' was submitted to four soil water potential (SWP) treatments using subsurface drip irrigation in 1997 and 1998. Onions were grown on two double rows spaced 22 inches (56 cm) apart on 44-inch (112-cm) beds with a drip tape buried 5 inches (13 cm) deep in the bed center. SWP was maintained at four levels by automated, high frequency irrigations based on SWP measurements at an 8-inch (20-cm) depth. The check treatment had SWP maintained at -20 cbar (kPa) during the entire season. The other three treatments had SWP maintained at -20 cbar until 15 July, then reduced to -30, -50, or -70 cbar. Reducing the SWP level after 15 July below -20 cbar failed to reduce onion bulb decomposition in storage, but reduced colossal onion yield in 1997, and marketable and total yield in 1998.

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Resistance to water movement through wheat root systems

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9780913 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 913 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

KA Seaton ◽

JJ Landsberg

Keyword(s):

Water Potential ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Soil Type ◽

Water Movement ◽

Soil Water Potential ◽

Root Systems ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Root Surface Area ◽

Analogue Model ◽

Stem Resistance

A three-layer electrical analogue model was used to calculate resistance to water movement through the roots of wheat plants growing in small weighing lysimeters. In one experiment the wheat was grown in two soil types; in a second experiment one soil type was used but different root systems were induced by controlling the water table before the start of the experimental period. Resistance calculations were based on hourly measurements of transpiration rate, leaf water potential and water uptake from three soil layers (qi), calculated from measurements of soil water potential at three depths. The number of main roots per stem (required for the model) and root surface area in each layer (Ai) were obtained from measurements of root lengths and diameters in soil cores taken at the end of each experiment. Estimates of the resistance to flow through stems led to estimates of ψ0), the water potential at the stem base, at any stem flow rate. Axial (main) root resistances (Rxi) were calculated from the Poiseuille equation. Values of the resistance to water movement through the roots in layer i were calculated from the set of equations describing uptake from each layer in terms of flow rates, potential gradients and resistances; these values, inserted in the solution for 1/10 from the set of three equations, yielded total root resistances (RT) and estimates of the effective soil moisture potential (^ψs) for the whole profile. (RT) ranged from 63.9 to 627.3 bar sec mm-3 (cf. stem resistance between 24 and 70 bar sec mm-3) and was inversely related to flow rate through the main roots, which indicated a constant potential drop (^ψs – ψ0) of about 10 bars, irrespective of soil type or root system. Radial root resistances, estimated as At(<ψsi – ψ0)/qi, ranged from 4.6 x 104 to 4.2 x 106 bar sec mm-l and were inversely related to qi. Inaccuracies in estimates of Rxi do not affect the results much and the model used is potentially valuable as a framework for field research.

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Effect of mulching and subsurface drip irrigation on soil water status under arid environment

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2020181-15343 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. e1201

Author(s):

Ahmed A. Al-Othman ◽

Mohamed A. Mattar ◽

Mohammed A. Alsamhan

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Water Status ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Water Evaporation ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Subsurface Drip

Aim of study: We investigated water evaporation of the soil surface and the soil water distribution under different mulching techniques using subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system.Area of study: The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research and Experimental Farm in Dirab, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, locating 24.4195° N, 46.65° E, and 552 m altitude.Material and methods: The two types of soil surface mulching were black plastic film (BPF) and palm tree waste (PTW), with no mulching (NM) as control. The two drip line depths from the soil surface (DL) were 15 cm and 25 cm, and surface drip irrigation (DI) was the control.Main results: In SDI, the use of BPF or PTW mulching resulted in enhanced water retention capacity of the soil and an approximately 6% water saving, compared with NM. The amounts of water saved at DL of 15 cm (19-24 mm) were greater than those at DL of 25 cm (15-20 mm), whereas the DI used the highest amount of applied water. The distribution of soil water content for BPF and PTW were found to be more uniform than NM.Research highlights: It is advised to mulch the soil with PTW due to lower costs and through a DL of 15 cm.

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Impact of Two Hydrophilic Acrylic-Based Polymers on the Physical Properties of Three Substrates and the Growth of Petunia ×hybrida `Brilliant Pink'

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.129.3.0449 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 129 (3) ◽

pp. 449-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Philippe Jobin ◽

Jean Caron ◽

Pierre-Yves Bernier ◽

Blanche Dansereau

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Water Potential ◽

Soil Water Potential ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Irrigation Frequency ◽

Water Desorption ◽

Acrylic Polymer ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Container Capacity

Hydrophilic polymers or hydrogels have shown potential to increase water retention of media and to reduce irrigation frequency. This property would be particularly useful in the production of fast growing species in which large amounts of water are needed. This study evaluated the effect of two acrylic-based hydrogels on water desorption curve and hydraulic conductivity of substrates and on plant growth. The duration of their effects was also investigated. Rooted cuttings of Surfinia (Petunia ×hybrida `Brilliant Pink') were transplanted into 30-cm pots containing one of three different substrates amended with one of two types of hydrogels, a commercial acrylic polymer, and a commercial acrylic-acrylamide copolymer, and grown for 9 weeks under well watered conditions and then imposed with a drought. Results indicated that both polymer types gave similar results. The substrates' physical properties (air-filled porosity, available water) at potting time were significantly affected by hydrogel addition, but differences vanished within 9 weeks of growth. Hydrogels had no significant effect on the point at which plant wilted and on the substrate's unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. Shoot dry weight was affected by substrate and hydrogel and was positively correlated to water content between container capacity and -10 kPa of water potential, or between container capacity and the soil water potential at plant turgor loss.

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Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) for Enhanced Water Distribution: SDI - Seepage Hybrid System

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-hs1217-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Lincoln Zotarelli ◽

Libby Rens ◽

Charles Barrett ◽

Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽

Michael D. Dukes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Management Practices ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Soil Surface ◽

High Water ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Seepage Irrigation ◽

Subsurface Drip

In terms of water use efficiency, the traditional seepage irrigation systems commonly used in areas with high water tables are one of the most inefficient methods of irrigation, though some irrigation management practices can contribute to better soil moisture uniformity. Subsurface drip irrigation systems apply water below the soil surface by microirrigation, improving the water distribution and time required to raise the water table for seepage irrigation. This 6-page fact sheet was written by Lincoln Zotarelli, Libby Rens, Charles Barrett, Daniel J. Cantliffe, Michael D. Dukes, Mark Clark, and Steven Lands, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, March 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1217

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A Vertically Installed, Flush-mounted Tensiometer for Turfgrass Research

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.8.928 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 928-929 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R.E. Gaussoin ◽

J.A. Murphy ◽

B.E. Branham

Keyword(s):

Water Potential ◽

Soil Water ◽

Pressure Transducer ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Soil Water Potential ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Vacuum Gauge ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Field Soils

A method for measuring soil water potential in field soils was adapted for use in turfgrass soils. The system uses tensiometers installed flush with the soil surface and permits a measuring depth as shallow as 2.5 to 5.0 cm. Water potential within a tensiometer was measured with a portable pressure transducer. Linear relationships between water potential measured with mercury manometers or vacuum gauge-equipped tensiometers and the pressure transducer were obtained (r2 = 0.99 and 0.97, respectively). The system accurately measures soil water potential of turfgrass soils, while permitting routine cultural practices to be performed.

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