scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DE SOLOS DE DIFERENTES TEXTURAS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PLANTAS DE Eucalyptus urograndis SUBMETIDAS A DÉFICIT HÍDRICO

Irriga ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-260
Author(s):  
Maria Renata Rocha Pereira ◽  
Antônio Evaldo Klar ◽  
André Luiz Melhorança Filho ◽  
Andréia Cristina Peres Rodrigues ◽  
Magali Ribeiro da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
State University ◽  
Hydric Stress ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis ◽  
Stress Influence

INFLUÊNCIA DE SOLOS DE DIFERENTES TEXTURAS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PLANTAS DE Eucalyptus urograndis SUBMETIDAS A DÉFICIT HÍDRICO   Maria Renata Rocha Pereira 1; Antônio Evaldo Klar 1; André Luiz Melhorança Filho 2; Andréia Cristina Peres Rodrigues 2;  Magali Ribeiro da Silva 3.  1Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, SP,  [email protected] de Melhoramento e Produção Vegetal,  Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, SP3Departamento Recursos Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, SP  1 RESUMO             O estudo foi desenvolvido com plantas de Eucalyptus urograndis em casa de vegetação, localizada na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, campus de Botucatu - SP, nos meses de março a julho de 2005, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do estresse hídrico nas características morfológicas e fisiológicas, em dois solos de diferentes texturas argilosa (solo 1) e média (solo 2). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, fatorial, com quinze repetições. O manejo hídrico foi estabelecido com base em dois potenciais mínimos de água no solo (Yw): -0,03 MPa e -1,5 MPa. Os resultados demonstraram que as plantas dos tratamentos sem estresse hídrico tiveram maiores valores em todas características morfológicas em relação às submetidas a déficit hídrico. Plantas cultivadas em solos de textura média apresentaram significativa redução de 43% na área foliar, 34% no diâmetro de colo, 54% na matéria seca de parte aérea e, em solos de textura argilosa, houve redução de 42,3% na área foliar, 39,5% no diâmetro de colo e 42% na matéria seca radicular, com restrição hídrica em relação às irrigadas no tratamento -0,03 MPa.. O menor valor de potencial hídrico foliar (f) foi -17,166 MPa (solo 2 sob estresse), e o maior potencial, -6,766 MPa, no solo 1 sem estresse hídrico. Os tratamentos sem estresse hídrico tiveram maior transpiração se comparados àqueles sob déficit hídrico com diferenças de até 11,3% . Verificou-se que os tratamentos sob w = -1,5 MPa e solo de textura média apresentaram maiores valores de resistência estomática (Rs) em todos os horários medidos, sendo 14 h o horário mais crítico, com valores de até 2,149 s.cm-¹. A temperatura foliar (Tf) mostrou  correlação significativa com Rs, onde tratamentos com solo de textura média se mostraram mais sensíveis, chegando a 32oC. UNITERMOS: estresse hídrico, potencial de água, transpiração, resistência estomática. PEREIRA, M. R. R.; KLAR, A. E.; MELHORANÇA FILHO, A. L.; RODRIGUES, A. C. P.; SILVA, M. R. da. DIFFERENT SOIL HYDRIC DEFICIT AND TEXTURE INFLUENCE  ON Eucalyptus urograndis  PLANTS       2 ABSTRACT The studies were developed with plants of Eucalyptus urograndis under greenhouse conditions , at Paulista State University (UNESP), Botucatu - SP, from March to July, 2005. The objective was to evaluate hydric stress influence on morphological and physiological characteristics of plants in clayay (1) and medium (2) soil texture. Two water treatment were used: -0.03 and -1.5 MPa minimum soil water potentials (w). Plants from soil 2 and -1.5MPa showed 43% reduction on leaf área, 34% on base stem diameter, 54% on aerial vegetal dry matter and plants from soil 1 presented 42.3% reduction on leaf área, 39,5% base stem diameter  and 42% dry matter root reduction in relation to -0.03 MPa.. The lowest leaf water potential (f) value  was-17.166 MPa on w = -1.5 MPa and soil 2 and the greatest one on soil 1 and w = -0.03 MPa., -6.766 MPa. The treatment -0.03MPa showed  about 11,3% higher transpiration values than those plants from  -1.5MPa .  The higher Rs value (2.149 s.cm-1) occurred on plants under -1.5MPa and soil 2.  There was significant correlation between Tf and Rs,  and the treatmens from medium soil were more sensitive, reaching until  32oC. KEY WORDS:  hydric stress, transpiration water potential and stomatal resistance

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES DE SOLO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PLANTAS DE Eucalyptus urograndis SUBMETIDAS A DÉFICIT HÍDRICO

Irriga ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Renata Rocha Pereira ◽  
Antônio Evaldo Klar ◽  
André Luiz Melhorança Filho ◽  
Andréia Cristina Peres Rodrigues ◽  
Magali Ribeiro da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Hydric Stress ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis ◽  
Stress Influence

INFLUÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES DE SOLO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PLANTAS DE Eucalyptus urograndis  SUBMETIDAS  A DÉFICIT HÍDRICO   Maria Renata Rocha Pereira 1; Antônio Evaldo Klar 1; André Luiz Melhorança Filho 2; Andréia Cristina Peres Rodrigues 2;  Magali Ribeiro Da Silva 3.  1Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, SP,  [email protected] De Melhoramento e Produção Vegetal Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, SP3Departamento Recursos Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, SP  1 RESUMO O estudo foi desenvolvido com plantas de Eucalyptus urograndis em casa de vegetação, na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, campus de Botucatu - SP, nos meses de março a julho de 2005, com objetivo o de avaliar os efeitos do estresse hídrico nas características morfológicas e fisiológicas, em dois solos de diferentes texturas argilosa (solo 1) e média (solo 2). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, fatorial, com quinze repetições. O manejo hídrico foi estabelecido com base em dois potenciais mínimos de água no solo (Yw): -0,03 MPa ou -1,5 MPa. . Os resultados demonstraram que tratamentos sem estresse hídrico tiveram desempenho significativo em todas características morfológica sem relação às submetidas a déficit hídrico. Plantas cultivadas em solos de textura média apresentam uma redução de até 43% na área foliar, 35% no diâmetro de colo, 54% na matéria seca de parte aérea, e em solos de textura argilosa houve redução de 42.8% na área foliar, 40% no diâmetro de colo e 25% na matéria seca radicular, com restrição hídrica em relação às irrigadas no tratamento -0,03 MPa.. O menor valor de potencial hídrico foliar (f) foi -17,166 MPa (solo 2 sob estresse), e o maior potencial no solo 1 sem estresse hídrico (-6,766 MPa). Os tratamentos sem estresse hídrico tiveram maior transpiração se comparados àqueles sob déficit hídrico com diferenças de até 13% . Verificou-se que os tratamentos sob w = -1,5 MPa e solo 2 apresentaram maiores valores de resistência estomática (Rs) em todos os horários medidos, sendo 14 h o horário mais crítico, com valores de até 2,149 s.cm-¹. A temperatura foliar ( Tf) mostrou  correlação significativa com Rs, onde tratamentos com solo de textura média se mostraram mais sensíveis, chegando a 32oC. UNITERMOS: estresse hídrico, potencial de água, transpiração, resistência estomática.  PEREIRA, M.R.R.; KLAR, A.E.; MELHORANÇA FILHO, A. L. ; RODRIGUES, A. C. P. ;   SILVA, M. R.   MORPHOLOGICAL ASSESMENT OF PLANTS OF Eucalyptus urograndis IN DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL ON HYDRIC DEFICIT     2 ABSTRACT The studies were developed with plants of Eucalyptus urograndis under greenhouse conditions , at Paulista University (UNESP), Botucatu - SP, from March to July, 2005. The objective was to evaluate hydric stress influence on morphological and physiological characteristics of plants in clayay (1) and medium (2) soil texture. Two water treatment were used: -0.03 and -1.5 MPa minimum soil water potentials (w). Plants from soil 2 and -1.5MPa showed 43% reduction on leaf área, 35% on base stem diameter, 54% on aerial vegetal dry matter and plants from soil 1 presented 42.8% reduction on leaf área, 40% base stem diameter  and 25% dry matter root reduction in relation to -0.03 MPa.. The lowest leaf water potential (f) value  was-17.166 MPa on w = -1.5 MPa and soil 2 and the greatest one on soil 1 and w = -0.03 MPa.(-6.766 MPa,). The treatment -0.03MPa showed  about 13% higher transpiration values than those plants from  -1.5MPa .  The higher Rs value (2.149 s.cm-1) occurred on plants under -1.5MPa and soil 2.  There was significant correlation between Tf and Rs. KEYWORDS:  hydric stress, transpiration water potential and stomatal resistance  

scholarly journals Growth evaluation and water relations of Erythrina velutina seedlings in response to drought stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizamar Ciríaco da Silva ◽  
Marcos F. A. Silva ◽  
Rejane J. M. C. Nogueira ◽  
Manoel B. Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratio ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Erythrina velutina Willd. (common name: mulungu) is a deciduous, heliophyte found in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. To evaluate the growth and water relations of mulungu seedlings in soils with different degrees of moisture content, an experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions using four water treatments (100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of the field capacity- FC). Predawn (Ψpdw) and midday leaf water potential (Ψmdw), relative water content (RWC), plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR), dry matter in different organs, biomass partitioning and root:shoot ratio were evaluated. No differences were detected between treatments for Ψpdw after 30 days; however, at midday, control plants and those under 75% FC underwent a greater reduction in Ψmdw than plants cultivated with 50% and 25% FC. After 90 days, only the plants under 50% FC exhibited a reduction in Ψmdw. RWC was reduced at midday, but there were no differences between treatments. Nearly all growth parameters were reduced due to water deficit, especially in the plants with 25% FC, as determined by the number of leaves, stem diameter, plant height, LA, SLA and dry mass in several organs. LAR and root:shoot ratio were not affected. Mulungu seedlings seem to have developed rusticity to overcome intermittent droughts with no change in the pattern of dry matter distribution. The maintenance of turgor pressure seems to be more associated to a reduction in the growth ratio than a reduction in leaf water potential.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Annual Winter Species to Protoporfirinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicides (Protox)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ALVES ◽  
L. GALON ◽  
R.R. KAIZER ◽  
F.L. WINTER ◽  
C.M. HOLZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
F Test ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Linear Regressions

ABSTRACT: The use of plant species for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with herbicides is an alternative that has been emphasized to minimize the effects of the persistence of agrochemicals in the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance potential of winter species in soils contaminated with sulfentrazone and fomesafen. The experiment was in a completely randomized design with four replications. Doses of fomesafen (0.0, 0.125, 0.250, and 0.5 kg ha-1) and sulfentrazone (0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 kg ha-1) were applied during the pre-emergence of phytoremediate species (black oat, vetch, birdsfood trefoil, radish and lupin). Forty five days after the emergence of the species, the phytotoxicity (%), leaf area (cm2), stalk and/or stem diameter (mm), height (cm) and dry matter (g) variables of the plants were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test; when significant, linear or non linear regressions were applied to evaluate the effect of herbicide doses on the studied species. Birdsfood trefoil was the less tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone. Black oat was less affected by the application of fomesafen doses, but it was highly susceptible to sulfentrazone. Radish presented tolerance only up to the fomesafen dose of 0.25 kg ha-1; as for sulfentrazone, the species showed tolerance. The most tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone, regardless of the dose, was the lupine, which is a possible alternative for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with these herbicides.

scholarly journals Saline-sodic soil and organic matter addition in the cultivation of the colored cotton ‘BRS Topázio’

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Magaly Morgana Lopes da Costa ◽  
Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
Francisco Wesley Alves Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Number Of Leaves

he prevailing climate of the semiarid region in the northeastern region of Brazil along with inadequate irrigation management, have caused the formation of halomorphic soils, which have hampered agricultural production and environmental sustainability of this region. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the emergence and initial growth of the cotton cultivar ‘BRS Topázio’ cultivated in soil with different levels of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and concentrations of organic matter (OM) in a greenhouse from April to June 2014. The experiment was set in a randomized block design in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, with three replicates, and the treatments consisted of five ESP levels (13.6, 22.4, 30.1, 39.0, and 48.0) and four OM concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15% based on soil volume). Soils with an ESP ranging from 13.6 to 48.0 did not interfere with the emergence and number of leaves of cotton at 10 days after seeding (DAS). At 44 DAS, in the period preceding the flowering stage, ESPs ranging from 27 to 30 promoted greater plant height, stem diameter, and shoot fresh and dry matter. Increasing OM increased the emergence percentage and emergence speed index and, at 44 DAS, increased plant height, stem diameter, and shoot fresh and dry matter. Increasing OM mitigated the effect of the exchangeable sodium up to an ESP of 30 on the number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area at 10 DAS, and up to mean ESPs of 28.5 and 34.0 for the number of leaves and leaf area, respectively, at 44 DAS.

scholarly journals Gibberellin and cytokinin effects on soybean growth

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vagner Maximino Leite ◽  
Ciro Antonio Rosolem ◽  
João Domingos Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Joint Application

Soybean is an important crop in Brazil. Nonetheless, there are no reports on the use of plant growth regulator potential in relation to this crop in the national literature. To better understand the role of these compounds, a pot experiment was carried out to study effects of GA3 and cytokinin on the vegetative growth of the soybean. GA3 (50 mg L-1) was applied as seed treatment, leaving plants with water application as control. GA3 (100 mg L-1) and cytokinin (30 mg L-1) were sprayed on leaves at the physiological stage V3/V4, and 15 days after, cytokinin (30 mg L-1), also as foliar spray. Seed treatment decreased plant emergence and initial soybean root growth, but as the season progressed, differences in root growth disappeared; plants were shorter, and presented a decrease in the number of nodes, in stem diameter, in leaf area and in dry matter yield. Conversely, foliar application of GA3 led to an increase in plant height, first node height and stem diameter. Leaf area and dry matter production also increased as a result of GA3 foliar application. There was no effect of exogenous gibberellin and cytokinin on the number of soybean leaves, number of stem branches and root dry matter. Joint application of gibberellin and cytokinin tended to inhibit gibberellin effects. Cytokinin applied to leaves during soybean vegetative growth was not effective in modifying any of the evaluated plant growth variables.

scholarly journals Field Performance Evaluation of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) to the Application of Different Organic Wastes under Southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
S. A. Adeosun ◽  
A. O. Togun
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Number Of Branches

Aims: To assess the field establishment of two tea cultivars under Cocoa Pod Husk (CPH) and Poultry Manure (PM). Study Design: Randomized complete block design arranged in Split-plots (cultivars as main plots and organic amendments as sub-plots) with four replications. Place and Duration of Study: Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria stations in Ibadan and Owena, Southwest Nigeria between May 2016 and November 2017 (Rainy and dry seasons of 2016; Rainy season of 2017).  Methodology: Milled CPH and cured PM were applied each at the rates of 150 and 300 kg Nha-1 to established C143 and C318 tea cultivars on the field; unfertilized tea cultivars served as control. Data on number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area, plant height and stem diameter were collected on monthly basis; while dry matter was assessed at 15 months after transplanting. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and correlation at α.05. Results: The C143 performed better than C318 and 150 kg Nha-1 of CPH and PM enhanced the vegetative growth and dry matter of tea better than 300 kg Nha-1 in Ibadan and Owena. Cultivar 143 was significantly (P=0.05) better than cultivar 318 in number of leaves, number of branches and stem diameter in Ibadan; and in number of leaves and leaf area in Owena. CPH at 150 kg Nha-1 increased number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area, plant height and total dry matter by 135.11, 88.19, 346.12, 65.33 and 428.11% at Ibadan; and by 349.09, 245.41, 376.89, 80.89 and 231.49% at Owena, compared to control. On the interaction, tea cultivar 143 that received 150 kg Nha-1 CPH produced significantly (P=0.05) higher number of leaves, leaf area and total dry matter at Ibadan and Owena. Leaf area was positively correlated with number of leaves (r=0.87) in Ibadan and stem diameter (r=0.80) in Owena. Conclusion: CPH at 150 kg Nha-1 enhanced the growth and dry matter content of C143 tea established on the field in Ibadan and Owena, and is therefore recommended for tea cultivation in Southwest of Nigeria.

scholarly journals IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA NA CULTURA DO GIRASSOL (Helianthus Annuus L.) EM SOLO COM BIOFERTILIZANTE BOVINO

Irriga ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Ribeiro Gomes ◽  
Geocleber Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Francisco Aldiel Lima ◽  
Thales Vinicius de Araújo Viana ◽  
Benito Moreira de Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
E Mail

IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA NA CULTURA DO GIRASSOL (Helianthus Annuus L.) EM SOLO COM BIOFERTILIZANTE BOVINO  KRISHNA RIBEIRO GOMES1; GEOCLEBER GOMES DE SOUSA2; FRANCISCO ALDIEL LIMA3; THALES VINICIUS DE ARAÚJO VIANA4; BENITO MOREIRA DE AZEVEDO4 E GIOVANA LOPES DA SILVA6 1 Engenheira Agrônoma, Doutoranda, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ctra. de las Peñas, km 3,2, [email protected] Engenheiro Agrônomo, Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, Professor Adjunto I, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Redenção, CE, e-mail:[email protected] Engenheiro Agrônomo, Doutorando, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, e-mail: [email protected] Engenheiro Agrônomo, Prof. Titular, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Engenheira Agrônoma, Profa. do curso de Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária, FANOR, Campus das Dunas, Fortaleza, CE, e-mial: [email protected]  1 RESUMO Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento inicial e as trocas gasosas da cultura do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) irrigada com diferentes níveis de salinidade em solo com e sem biofertilizante bovino. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Estação Agrometeorológica, UFC, Fortaleza-CE, no período de setembro a novembro de 2012. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente aleatorizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com cinco repetições, referente aos valores de cinco condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação: 0,8; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1, em solo sem e com biofertilizante bovino, aplicado de uma única vez, ao nível de 10% do volume do substrato, três dias antes da semeadura. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: número de folhas, altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, área foliar, fotossíntese, condutância estomática, temperatura da folha, concentração interna de CO2, transpiração das plantas, matéria seca da parte aérea, da raiz e total. O estresse salino afetou o diâmetro do caule, a área foliar e o número de folhas de plantas do girassol, sendo em menor intensidade no solo com o biofertilizante bovino. O biofertilizante bovino diminuiu os efeitos negativos das concentrações crescentes de sais na água de irrigação na matéria seca da parte aérea, matéria seca da raiz e matéria seca total de plantas de girassol.  Palavras-chave: estresse salino, índices fisiológicos, insumo orgânico  GOMES, K. R., SOUSA, G. G., LIMA, F. A., VIANA, T. V. A., AZEVEDO, B. M., SILVA, G. L.SALINE IRRIGATION OF  SUNFLOWER  (Helianthus Annuus L.) IN SOIL WITH BOVINE BIOFERTILIZER   2 ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate  initial growth and gas exchanges of sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.) irrigated with different salt concentrations in soil treated with and without bovine biofertilizer.  The experiment was conducted at the experimental area in the  Agrometeorological station, UFC, Fortaleza-CE, from September to November 2012. Treatments were arranged   in a completely  randomized 5 x 2 factorial design, with five replicates referring to  five electrical conductivity values of  irrigated water.:  0.8;1.5;3.0;4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, in soil with and without bovine biofertilizer. The latter was applied only once, at 10% substrate volume, three days before sowing.  The following parameters were evaluated: number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter , leaf area, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, internal CO2 concentration, plant transpiration, shoot,  root and total dry matter. Salt stress affected stem diameter, leaf area and number of leaves of sunflower plants, and in a  lesser degree,  in the  soil with bovine biofertilizer. Bovine biofertilizer also reduced the negative effects of increasing salt concentrations in the irrigation water observed in shoot, root and total dry matter of sunflower plants.   Keywords: salt stress, physiological indices, organic fertilizer. 

scholarly journals COMPORTAMENTO FISIOLÓGICO E MORFOLÓGICO DE CLONES DE Eucalyptus urograndis SUBMETIDOS A DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE ÁGUA NO SOLO.

Irriga ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Renata Rocha Pereira ◽  
Antônio Evaldo Klar ◽  
Magali Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Raquel Albuquerque de Souza ◽  
Nara Rosseti Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Replacement ◽  
Hydric Stress ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis

COMPORTAMENTO FISIOLÓGICO E MORFOLÓGICO DE CLONES DE Eucalyptus urograndis SUBMETIDOS A DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE ÁGUA NO SOLO.  Maria Renata Rocha Pereira1; Antônio Evaldo Klar1; Magali Ribeiro da Silva2; Raquel Albuquerque de Souza2; Nara Rosseti Fonseca31Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP,  [email protected] Recursos Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP3Departamento de Melhoramento e Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP  1 RESUMO             Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos do estresse hídrico, nas características fisiológicas de dois clones de Eucalyptus urograndis, 105 e 433. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, campus de Botucatu nos meses de março a julho de 2005. O manejo hídrico foi estabelecido com base em dois potenciais mínimos de água no solo (Yf): -0,03 MPa ou -1,5 MPa. Foram avaliados: resistência difusiva ao vapor d’aguados estômatos, transpiração, e potencial total de água das folhas(Yf) realizadas nesse dia, das 8:20 às 17 h no esmo dia coletaram-se a altura, diâmetro do colo, área foliar, massa seca aérea, massa seca radicular. Apenas a altura e matéria seca aérea foram maiores estatisticamente no clone 433, em relação ao 105.Tratamentos sem estresse hídrico tiveram maior desempenho em todas características estudadas, não havendo influência dos clones. A resistência estomática apresentou maiores valores nos tratamentos submetidos à deficiência hídrica, com mais intensidade no clone 433, tal como ocorreu com o potencial de água na folha. A transpiração foi maior no clone 105 tanto na comparação entre plantas estressadas como nas não estressadas. As temperaturas das folhas tiveram valores mais elevados no clone 433, no tratamento estressado. Assim, conclui-se que há um melhor desempenho das plantas mantidas a um potencial de água no solo de -0,03 MPa e  comprova-se a maior resistência ao estresse hídrico pelo clone 105. UNITERMOS: estresse hídrico, irrigação, eucalipto  PEREIRA, M.R.R.; KLAR, A.E.; SILVA, M.R.; ALBUQUERQUE, R.; FONSECA, N.R. MORPHOLOGYCAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF CLONES FROM Eucalyptus urograndis  SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT SOIL  WATER LEVELS  2 ABSTRACT The present study had as its objective the assessment of the possible effects of hydric stress on the growth, physiological characteristics of two different genetic materials from Eucalyptus urograndis. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas of UNESP, campus Botucatu from March to July, 2005. The hydric management was established based on the soil water potential. Two water levels were established, doing the evapotranspired water replacement by pot weighing. Two clones were used, Eucalyptus urograndis 105 and 433, being the first one more resistant to the hydric deficit and the 433 more sensitive to stress. The study was made from a 2X2 factorial (two levels of water x two genetic materials). For the hydric management, the plants were irrigated when they reached a soil water potential of -0.03 MPa or -1.5 MPa. The assessments made were: diffusive water vapor of stomato, transpiration, leaf temperature and leaf water potential. The physiological evaluations  throughout the day, in the end of the experiment. Treatments without hydric stress had a higher performance in all studied characteristics, but the clones had no influence. The stomatic resistance followed the potentials, showing higher values in the treatments submitted to hydric deficiency, more intensely for clone 433, being that this also happened with the leaf water potential. The transpiration also followed the leaf water potential and the stomatic resistance more intensely for clone 105 both comparing stressed plants and non-stressed plants. Consequently, the leaf temperatures had higher values for clone 433 on the stressed treatment. Thus, it can be concluded that there was a better performance in plants kept on a soil water potential of -0.03 MPa and a higher resistance to hydric stress for clone 105. KEYWORDS: hydric stress, irrigation, eucalyptus

scholarly journals Eucalyptus sp. seedling response to potassium fertilization and soil water.

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo César Teixeira ◽  
José Leonardo Moraes Gonçalves ◽  
José Carlos Arthur Junior ◽  
Cleci Dezordi
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla

A considerable portion of Brazil‘s commercial eucalypt plantations is located in areas subjected to periods of water deficit and grown in soils with low natural fertility, particularly poor in potassium. Potassium is influential in controlling water relations of plants. The objective of this study was to verify the influence of potassium fertilization and soil water potential (Ψw) on the dry matter production and on water relations of eucalypt seedlings grown under greenhouse conditions. The experimental units were arranged in 4x4x2 randomized blocks factorial design, as follow: four species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla), four dosages of K (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg dm-3) and two soil water potentials (-0.01MPa and -0.1 MPa). Plastic containers with 15 cm diameter and 18 cm height, with Styrofoam base, containing 3.0 dm3 of soil and two plants per container were used. Soil water potential was kept at -0.01MPa for 40 days after seeding. Afterward, the experimental units were divided into two groups: in one group the potential was kept at -0.01MPa, and in the other one, at -0.10 MPa. Soil water potential was controlled gravimetrically twice a day with water replacement until the desired potential was reestablished. A week before harvesting, the leaf water potential (Ψ), the photosynthetic rate (A), the stomatal conductance (gs) and the transpiration rate were evaluated. The last week before harvesting, the mass of the containers was recorded daily before watering to determine the consumption of water by the plants. After harvesting, total dry matter and leaf area were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, to Tukey's tests and regression analyses. The application of K influenced A, gs and the transpiration rate. Plants deficient in K showed lower A and higher gs and transpiration rates. There were no statistical differences in A, gs and transpiration rates in plants with and without water deficit. The addition of K reduced the consumption of water per unit of leaf area and, in general, plants submitted to water deficit presented a lower consumption of water.

Yield and components of seed yield of indeterminate narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) subjected to transient water deficit

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Palta ◽  
Z. Plaut
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Conductance ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Pod Number

The effect of transient water deficits on seed yield and components of seed yield of narrow-leafed lupin was measured in plants grown in a controlled environment under simulated field conditions. Lupins were grown in large columns of soil and transient water deficits were induced at pod set on the mainstem and first-order apical branches by withholding water for a 5-day period. Soil water content, leaf water potential, turgor pressure, and leaf conductance declined similarly during each period of transient water deficit. Differences in these parameters were apparent 2 days after water was withheld, and over the 5-day period, leaf water potential declined to −1.3 MPa and leaf conductance fell to 44% of the well-watered controls. Total dry matter per plant was reduced by the transient water deficit treatments. The reduction resulted from less accumulation of dry matter on the first, second, and third order apical branches. Leaf area on these branches was also reduced by abscission of the leaves after the water deficit was released. Seed yield per plant after each period of transient water deficit was reduced by 30–33%, relative to the well-watered controls. The reduction was largely due to a reduction in seed yield on the branches, mainly because they had fewer pods and seeds per pod. Seed dry weight and harvest index were not significantly affected by each period of transient water deficit. We conclude that differences in final seed yield between the well- watered controls and the transient water deficit treatments resulted from differences in pod number and seeds per pod. Low dry matter accumulation and reduction in leaf area on the first- and second-order apical branches under the transient water deficit were associated with the differences. Whereas the differences in pod number generated differences in the size of the reproductive sink, the differences in leaf area generated differences in the source capacity for assimilates for pod set and pod-filling.

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