scholarly journals Gibberellin and cytokinin effects on soybean growth

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vagner Maximino Leite ◽  
Ciro Antonio Rosolem ◽  
João Domingos Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Joint Application

Soybean is an important crop in Brazil. Nonetheless, there are no reports on the use of plant growth regulator potential in relation to this crop in the national literature. To better understand the role of these compounds, a pot experiment was carried out to study effects of GA3 and cytokinin on the vegetative growth of the soybean. GA3 (50 mg L-1) was applied as seed treatment, leaving plants with water application as control. GA3 (100 mg L-1) and cytokinin (30 mg L-1) were sprayed on leaves at the physiological stage V3/V4, and 15 days after, cytokinin (30 mg L-1), also as foliar spray. Seed treatment decreased plant emergence and initial soybean root growth, but as the season progressed, differences in root growth disappeared; plants were shorter, and presented a decrease in the number of nodes, in stem diameter, in leaf area and in dry matter yield. Conversely, foliar application of GA3 led to an increase in plant height, first node height and stem diameter. Leaf area and dry matter production also increased as a result of GA3 foliar application. There was no effect of exogenous gibberellin and cytokinin on the number of soybean leaves, number of stem branches and root dry matter. Joint application of gibberellin and cytokinin tended to inhibit gibberellin effects. Cytokinin applied to leaves during soybean vegetative growth was not effective in modifying any of the evaluated plant growth variables.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Y-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Improves Vegetative Growth, and the Physiological and Antioxidative Potential of Daucus Carota L. under Water Deficit Conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohina Bashir ◽  
Hafiza Naila Riaz ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Nusrat Parveen ◽  
Mekhled Mutiran Alenazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants

Scarcity of water is one of the most serious concerns in plant biology with diverse implications at all the levels of molecular, biochemical, and physiological phenomena of plant growth, development, and consequently the productivity. Most of the strategies to induce or enhance drought tolerance in plants are unreasonably expensive and/or time-consuming. Some studies conducted in the recent past have shown that plant growth regulators (PGRs) may induce/improve physiological tolerance in plants to cope with adverse environmental conditions including drought. The present study was aimed at investigating the effects of foliar spray of GABA (0, 1, 2, and 4 mM) applied 20 days following the germination of seeds, on vegetative growth, morphological characteristics, integrity of cell-membrane, and the levels of photosynthetic pigments and enzymatic antioxidants in carrot cvs. Supertaj and Bharat, grown under 100% and 50% field capacity of soil moisture. The treated and untreated (control) carrot plants were harvested and analyzed 2 weeks following the GABA application. The results revealed that foliar application of GABA improved the vegetative growth and significantly increased the levels of free amino acids, plastid pigments, enzymatic antioxidants, and the relative water content in the root crop grown under 50% field capacity of soil moisture, compared to control. Additionally, the GABA application decreased the electrolyte leakage of ions and melondialdehyde (MDA) content in carrot leaves. The carrots harvested from GABA-treated or untreated (control) plants were not significantly different for their protein contents. In conclusion, the incorporation of GABA in the production management of carrots may help plants to mitigate the adverse effects of water deficit stress.

scholarly journals Physiological Traits and Productivity of Wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) in Relation to Foliar Spray of Zinc, Urea, and Thiourea under Rainfed Condition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
CB Verma
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
Leaf Yield

Combined foliar application of ZnSO4 (0.5%) +urea (2%) + thiourea (500 ppm) twice at 45 and 65 days after sowing (DAS) under rainfed condition on widely evaluated two wheat varieties resulted in significantly higher plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2 ), number of tillers, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content In leaf, yield and its component over water sprayed control as well as treatments. Among wheat varieties, K-9351 was found more responsive as it yielded (38.5 q/ha) then K-8027 (33.1 q/ha).

scholarly journals Studies on germination and seedling development of winter maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by various seed priming methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (AAEBSSD) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
J. P. Bholane ◽  
Kavita D. Rajput ◽  
G. S. Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Total Uptake ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Number Of Leaves

A field experiment was conducted for boosting the productivity of kharif sweet corn (Zea mays Saccharata) at Agronomy Farm,RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur (M.S.), India during kharif, 2020 in black Vertisolsoil using split plot design with four replications and two factors, where main plot factors consist of time of application viz T1:15 days after sowing (DAS), T2: 30 DAS and T3: 45 DAS and sub plot factors consist of levels of nano nitrogen (N) fertilizers vizN1: 1.00 L ha-1, N2: 1.25 L ha-1 and N3:1.50 L ha-1. The results showed that at harvest, maximum plant height (183.41 cm), number of leaves (8.86 plant-1), leaf area (58.40 dm2plant-1), dry matter accumulation (117.18 gplant-1), length of cob (18.55 cm), diameter of cob (16.83 cm), weight of cob per plant (208.65 g), number of grains (371.25 cob-1), green cob yield (125.96 q ha-1), green fodder yield (344.39 q ha-1), total uptake plant in total ((264, 98 and 230 kg ha-1),yield of protein by grain (92.89 g kg-1) and stover (50.96 g kg-1) were obtained from treatment N3 (1.5 L ha-1) which was on par with treatment N2 (1.25 L ha-1) and significantly superior over N1 (1 L ha-1). While main plot showed that at harvest plant height (191.90 cm), number of leaves(10.09plant-1), leaf area (62.63 dm2plant-1), dry matter accumulation (123.51 gplant-1), length of cob (20.56 cm), diameter of cob (19.71 cm), weight of cob (222.29 g plant-1), number of grains (402.07 cob-1), green cob yield (138.32q ha-1),stover yield (359.75q ha-1), total uptake(287, 113 and 262 kg ha-1), yield of protein by grain (97.36 g kg-1) and stover (51.77 g kg-1)were significantly maximum when foliar spray of NN was done at 15 (DAS). The foliar application at 15 DAS had taken minimum number of days to reach 50 per cent of tasselling (51.62 days) and silking (55.97 days).

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ORGANIC AND GROWTH PROMOTER BIOZYME ON GROWTH OF WOLLY PEACH "RED JUNE" 1- VEGETATIVE GROWTH

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Karam & Al-Biaty
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

A Field experiment was conducted using Factorial within Randomized Complete Block Design during 2014 and 2015 on the wolly peach seedlings cv Red June, which grafted on the seeded apricot, at the Dept. of Horticulture – Coll. Of Agric. – Univ. of Baghdad. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of foliar application on organic fertilizer and growth promoter biozyme on growth of wolly peach. The tveatments were organic Fertilizer (Botryfun) (F) with 0, 3, 4 , 5 ( Ml.ltr -1) and biozyme (G) 0 , 2 , 4 ( Ml.ltr -1). The results revealed that the plants foliared by organic fertilizer F4 produced significantly highest values for all the studied traits. Plant hight iricveased 17.6, 35.5 cm, new branches lenyht 56.0, 14.4 cm. no. of vegetative branches 11.5, 29.2, diameter of main stem increased 0.85, 1.13cm, single leaf area 42.0, 39.8 cm2 , no of leaves 517.3, 771.7, leaves dry matter % , 36.8, 41.6, for two years respectively. The biozyme G2 increased plant height 15.8 and 35.6 cm, new vegetative branches 53.9, 62.8 cm, new vegetative branches 10.1, 31.6, stem diameter 0.78, 1.14 cm, single leaf area 37.3, 41.0 cm2 , no. of leaves 431.9, 825.0, leaves dry matter % 37.2, 41.3, for two years, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Foliar Application of Plant Growth Regulators on Vegetative Growth of Medicinal Plant Simarouba glauca DC

2019 ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Patil Manasi S. ◽  
Gaikwad D. K.
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Simarouba Glauca

Field experiment was carried out to investigate effect of foliar application of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) like 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), gibberellic acid (GA), chlormequat(CCC), salicylic acid (SA), cysteine and methionine with 5 and 20 ppm concentration on vegetative growth of Simarouba glauca DC. Foliar application of both concentrations of all the PGRs promoted root length, shoot length, height of plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaf, stem, root and fresh and dry weight per plant. The significant increase in plant height, leaf area and dry weight were obtained in plants treated with GA, SA and methionine while 5ppm GA gave highest number of leaves per plant. This will improve the availability of plant biomass for extraction of various bio active molecules in pharmaceutical industries.

The influence of seed size and depth of sowing on pre-emergence and early vegetative growth of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
JN Black
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Pot Culture

Changes in the pre-emergence distribution of dry matter in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) variety Bacchus Marsh were followed at 21°C, using three sizes of seed and three depths of sowing, ½, 1¼, and 2 in. Decreasing seed size and increasing depth of sowing both reduce the weight of the cotyledons a t emergence. Seed of the three sizes were sown a t three depths in pot culture a t staggered intervals so that emergence was simultaneous. Dry weight in the early vegetative stage was proportional to seed size, and total leaf area and leaf numbers showed similar trends. Plants of each seed size grew at the same relative rate. No effect of depth of sowing could be detected, and this was shown to be due to the cotyledon area a t emergence being constant for any given seed size, regardless of varying depth of sowing and hence of cotyledon weight. It was concluded that seed size in a plant having epigeal germination and without endosperm is of importance: firstly, in limiting the maximum hypocotyl elongation and hence depth of sowing, and secondly, in determining cotyledon area. Cotyledon area in turn influences seedling growth, which is not affected by cotyledon weight. Once emergence has taken place, cotyledonary reserves are of no further significance in the growth of the plants.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Annual Winter Species to Protoporfirinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicides (Protox)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ALVES ◽  
L. GALON ◽  
R.R. KAIZER ◽  
F.L. WINTER ◽  
C.M. HOLZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
F Test ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Linear Regressions

ABSTRACT: The use of plant species for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with herbicides is an alternative that has been emphasized to minimize the effects of the persistence of agrochemicals in the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance potential of winter species in soils contaminated with sulfentrazone and fomesafen. The experiment was in a completely randomized design with four replications. Doses of fomesafen (0.0, 0.125, 0.250, and 0.5 kg ha-1) and sulfentrazone (0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 kg ha-1) were applied during the pre-emergence of phytoremediate species (black oat, vetch, birdsfood trefoil, radish and lupin). Forty five days after the emergence of the species, the phytotoxicity (%), leaf area (cm2), stalk and/or stem diameter (mm), height (cm) and dry matter (g) variables of the plants were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test; when significant, linear or non linear regressions were applied to evaluate the effect of herbicide doses on the studied species. Birdsfood trefoil was the less tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone. Black oat was less affected by the application of fomesafen doses, but it was highly susceptible to sulfentrazone. Radish presented tolerance only up to the fomesafen dose of 0.25 kg ha-1; as for sulfentrazone, the species showed tolerance. The most tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone, regardless of the dose, was the lupine, which is a possible alternative for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with these herbicides.

scholarly journals Yield and vegetative growth of cactus pear at different spacings and under chemical fertilizations

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 564-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
João A. da Silva ◽  
Sérgio L. R. Donato ◽  
Paulo E. R. Donato ◽  
Evilasio dos S. Souza ◽  
Milton C. Padilha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the effect of different spacings and mineral fertilizations on cactus pear growth and production in a randomized block design, with three replicates, in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme: three spacings, 1.00 x 0.50 m, 2.00 x 0.25 m and 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m, and four fertilizations, 000-000-000, 000-150-000, 200-150-000 and 200-150-100 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively. Plant growth was evaluated between 90 and 390 days and production and growth were evaluated at 620 days after planting. There were significant interactions between spacing and fertilization for plant height, number of cladodes and cladode area index from 90 to 390 days and for production of fresh and dry matter at 620 days after planting. Spacing influenced cladode area index, while fertilization influenced plant height, number of cladodes and cladode area index at 620 days after planting. Plant height showed cubic effect for the days after planting. Number of cladodes and cladode area index were dependent on spacing, fertilization and plant age, and fitted to cubic models. The best results of growth and production of fresh and dry matter are associated with NPK and NP fertilizations and the spacing of 1.00 x 0.50 m.

scholarly journals Effect of Foliar Application of Growth Regulators on Vegetative and Physiological Growth Parameters in Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague)

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Y. Rajasekhara Reddy ◽  
G. Ramanandam ◽  
P. Subbaramamma ◽  
A. V. D. Dorajeerao
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Trachyspermum Ammi ◽  
Number Of Leaves

A field experiment was carried out during rabi season of 2018-2019, at college farm, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. The experiment was laidout in a Randomised Block Design with eleven treatments (viz., T1- NAA @ 50 ppm, T2-NAA @ 100 ppm, T3-GA3 @ 50 ppm,  T4-GA3 @ 100 ppm, T5-Thiourea @ 250 ppm, T6-Thiourea @ 500 ppm, T7-28-Homobrassinolide @ 0.1 ppm, T8-28-Homobrassinolide @ 0.2 ppm, T9-Triacontinol @ 2.5 ppm, T10-Triacontinol @ 5 ppm, T11-(Control) Water spray) and three replications. The treatments were imposed at 30 and 45 DAT in the form of foliar spray. Foliar application of GA3@ 100 ppm (T4) had recorded the maximum plant height (108.20 cm), leaf area (9.53 cm2) and leaf area index (0.74). Foliar application of thiourea @ 250 ppm (T5) had recorded the maximum values with respect to number of primary branches (15.03 plant-1), number of secondary branches (83.40 plant-1), plant spread (1793 cm2 plant-1), fresh weight (376.29 g plant-1), dry weight (103.54 g plant-1) and number of leaves plant-1((298.8). The same treatment (T5) had recorded the highest values with respect to crop growth rate (1.44 gm-2d-1), chlorophyll-a (1.40 mg g-1), chlorophyll-b (0.076 mg g-1) and total chlorophyll contents (1.48 mg g-1) in the leaves.

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