QUALIDADE MORFOLÓGICA DE MUDAS DE INGÁ SOB DIFERENTES MANEJOS HÍDRICOS

QUALIDADE MORFOLÓGICA DE MUDAS DE INGÁ SOB DIFERENTES MANEJOS HÍDRICOS LUIZ GUSTAVO MARTINELLI DELGADO¹; RICHARDSON BARBOSA GOMES DA SILVA² E MAGALI RIBEIRO DA SILVA¹ 1Departamento de Ciência Florestal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Botucatu, SP. CP 237, CEP 18610-307. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] Orígenes Lessa, ALEC – Associação Lençoense de Educação e Cultura, Lençóis Paulista, SP. Rod. Osni Matheus, km 108. E-mail: [email protected] 1 RESUMO A melhoria no processo de produção de mudas florestais nativas se faz necessária devido ao aumento em sua procura, não só em quantidade, mas também em qualidade. O manejo hídrico, na maioria das vezes, é feito de forma empírica, resultando em produtividade aquém do potencial genético, além do favorecimento de doenças, desperdício de água, energia e nutrientes. O presente estudo teve por objetivos analisar os efeitos das lâminas e frequências de irrigação sobre o desenvolvimento e a qualidade das mudas de Inga vera, bem como determinar o manejo hídrico mais adequado do ponto de vista da eficiência do recurso hídrico. O experimento foi conduzido em viveiro localizado nas coordenadas 22º 51’ latitude S e 48º 26’ longitude O. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial (3x2), constituído dos seguintes fatores: três lâminas (6, 10 e 14 mm) e duas frequências de irrigação (2 e 4 vezes ao dia). Cada tratamento foi constituído por 4 parcelas, compostas por 8 mudas úteis cada, totalizando 32 mudas por tratamento. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis morfológicas: altura, diâmetro do colo, relação entre a altura e o diâmetro de colo, massa seca da parte aérea, radicular e total e qualidade do sistema radicular. O manejo hídrico utilizando a lâmina de 10 mm, dividida na frequência de irrigação duas vezes ao dia, produz maior desenvolvimento e qualidade nas mudas de Inga vera, além de utilizar, comparada à lâmina 14 mm, 29% menos água. Palavras - chave: viveiro, água na planta, irrigação DELGADO, L. G. M.; SILVA, R. B. G. DA E SILVA, M. R. DAMORPHOLOGICAL QUALITY OF Inga vera SEEDLINGS UNDER DIFFERENT WATER MANAGEMENTS 2 ABSTRACTThe improvement in the production process of native forest seedlings is necessary due to the increase in their demand, not only in quantity, but also in quality. Water management is most often done empirically, resulting in productivity below the genetic potential, as well as favoring diseases and waste of water, energy and nutrients. This study aimed to analyze the effects of irrigation depths and frequencies on the development and quality of Inga vera seedlings and determine the most appropriate water management from the point of view of water resource efficiency. The experiment was conducted in a nursery in geographic coordinates 22º 51’ S and 48º 26’ W. The statistical design was factorial (3x2), completely randomized, and constituted by the following agents: three irrigation depths (6, 10 and 14 mm) and two irrigation frequencies (twice and four times a day). Each treatment had four replicates (trays), each one of them consisting of 8 useful seedlings, totaling 32 plants per treatment. The variable seedlings analyzed were the following: height, stem diameter; relation between height and stem diameter, shoot, root and total dry mass, and root system quality. The water management using the 10 mm irrigation depth, split two times a day, produces greater development and quality in the Inga vera seedlings, in addition using 29% less water compared to the 14 mm irrigation depth. Keywords: nursery, water in plant, irrigation

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EFFECTS OF WATER MANAGEMENT AND COMPOSTED SEWAGE SLUDGE SUBSTRATES ON THE GROWTH AND QUALITY OF CLONAL EUCALYPTUS SEEDLINGS

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v50i2.62952 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1307 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mônica Moreno Gabira ◽

Richardson Barbosa Gomes Da Silva ◽

Caroline De Moura D’Andréa Mateus ◽

Roberto Lyra Villas Boas ◽

Magali Ribeiro Da Silva

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Quality Index ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Irrigation Depth ◽

Composted Sewage Sludge ◽

Eucalyptus Bark ◽

Dickson Quality Index

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of substrates made of composted sewage sludge and irrigation depths on the growth and quality of E. grandis x E. urophylla cuttings to optimize water management for each substrate. The substrates were obtained from sewage sludge composted with sugarcane bagasse or Eucalyptus bark, namely: composted sewage sludge with sugarcane bagasse (1:3 v:v); sewage sludge composted with Eucalyptus bark (1:3 v:v) and a mixture of both substrates in a volumetric proportion 2:1 (v:v). Commercial substrate composed of Sphagnum peat, vermiculite and rice husk (3:1:1 v:v: v) was used as a control. The irrigation depths tested were 11, 14 and 17 mm, applied in two daily applications. The substrates were physically and chemically characterized and height, stem diameter, shoot, root and total dry mass, Dickson quality index and root system conformation were measured to determine the growth and quality of seedlings. The substrates obtained through the composting of sewage sludge with sugarcane bagasse or Eucalyptus bark are fit for producing Eucalyptus cuttings, however, the water specificity of each substrate must be considered. Although an 11mm irrigation depth is indicted for the mixture of both substrates (2:1 v:v), a 17mm irrigation depth is needed for the sewage sludge composted with sugarcane bagasse (1:3 v:v) substrate.

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2.2. FORMATION OF AN INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL ACCOUNTING SYSTEM FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF ACCOUNTING REPORTING QUALITY

Audit and Financial Analysis ◽

10.38097/afa.2020.74.94.003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 33-36

Author(s):

Е.Х. Абу

Keyword(s):

Accounting Information ◽

Reporting Quality ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Point Of View ◽

Accounting System ◽

System Quality ◽

Accounting Information Systems ◽

Information Product ◽

Selection Of

В статье определены подходы к выделению учетных объектов в системе качества информационного продукта; выделены основные преимущества использования информационных технологий в информационных системах бухгалтерского; определены направления формирования бухгалтерской информационно-аналитической учетной системы с позиции качества бухгалтерской отчетности. На практике активно применяется концепция реинжиниринга бизнес-процессов, которая позволяет значительно улучшить результативность и отдачу системы бухгалтерского учета. Кардинальная перестройка системы бухгалтерского учета позволяет формировать информацию, на основе которой образуются положительные эффекты в производственном управлении. Область охвата положительных эффектов зависит от радикальности, стоимости и качества выполненных преобразований учетной системы через пользование реинжиниринговыми услугами. Исследования показывают, что одной из важнейших черт описанного подхода к системе бухгалтерского учета является выражение цели функционирования учетной системы через получение конкретного учетного информационного продукта. In the article the approaches to the selection of account objects in the system quality of an information product; the main benefits of using information technology in accounting information systems; determined the directions of formation of accounting information and analytical accounting system in terms of quality of financial statements.

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DOSES DE POTÁSSIO E LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO NA QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE EUCALIPTO

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v8i5.10146 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 643-649

Author(s):

Antonio Henrique Cordeiro Ramalho ◽

Fernanda Dalfior Maffioletti ◽

Paulo André Trazzi ◽

Eduardo Cordeiro Ramalho ◽

Nilton Cesar Fiedler

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Genetic Potential ◽

Base Substrate

A produtividade florestal depende das potencialidades genéticas das matrizes, do ambiente proposto pelos substratos, frequência de irrigação, disponibilidade de luz, nutrição e das condições fitossanitárias. Assim, objetivou-se com o presente estudo analisar os efeitos da aplicação de potássio e de irrigação na qualidade de mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla. Para tal adotou-se o delineamento experimental em parcelas subdivididas definindo as 2 lâminas de irrigação (10 mm e 15 mm) como parcelas e os 5 níveis de potássio (0; 1,2; 2,4; 4,8; e 9,6 g L-1) como subparcelas, em 5 repetições compostas por 9 plantas. A comparação entre os métodos foi feita através teste de Tukey com 5% de probabilidade. Aos 120 dias, foram avaliadas: altura da parte aérea, diâmetro do colo, massa seca da parte aérea e da raiz. O tratamento testemunha apresentou as melhores médias em todos os parâmetros, sendo considerado o mais eficiente. A lâmina de irrigação de 15 mm foi considerada a mais eficiente. Portanto, conclui-se que qualquer que seja o incremento de potássio na produção de mudas, o mesmo deve se relacionar harmonicamente com a quantidade pré-existente no substrato base e com as exigências da cultura, de maneira que haja equilíbrio entre todas as partes. Palavras-chave: manejo hídrico; rustificação; substrato; casa de sombra. IRRIGATION AND POTASSIUM LEVELS IN THE QUALITY OF EUCALYPTUS ABSTRACT: Forest productivity depends on the genetic potential of the matrices, the environment proposed by the substrates, frequency of irrigation, availability of light, nutrition and phytosanitary conditions. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of potassium and irrigation on the quality of Eucalyptus urophylla seedlings. For this purpose, the experimental design was adopted in subdivided plots, defining the 2 layers of irrigation (10 mm and 15 mm) as plots and the 5 levels of potassium (0; 1.2; 2.4; 4.8; and 9.6 g L-1) as subplots, in 5 repetitions composed of 8 plants. The comparison between the methods was made using the Tukey test with a 5% probability. At 120 days, the following were evaluated: height of the aerial part, diameter of the neck, dry mass of the aerial part and the root. The control treatment showed the best averages in all parameters, being considered the most efficient. The 15 mm irrigation blade was considered the most efficient. Therefore, it is concluded that whatever the potassium increase in the production of seedlings, it must be harmoniously related to the pre-existing quantity in the base substrate and to the requirements of the culture, so that there is balance between all parts. Keywords: water management; rustification; substrate; shadow house.

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Quality of pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings grown on substrates with decomposed babassu palm stem

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632021v5166587 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

Author(s):

Romário Martins Costa ◽

Marcos Renan Lima Leite ◽

Sâmia dos Santos Matos ◽

Rayssa Carolinne Mouzinho de Sousa ◽

Raissa Rachel Salustriano da Silva-Matos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Point Of View ◽

Production Costs ◽

Economic Point ◽

Babassu Palm ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

The Cost

ABSTRACT The use of pre-sprouted seedlings in the implantation of sugarcane crops not only reduces the establishment period and production costs, but also has other advantages, such as a lesser requirement of propagules (stems) and greater phytosanitary control of the seedlings, when compared to conventional planting. Commercial substrates are also expensive and their use increases the cost of seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of sugarcane pre-sprouted seedlings grown on substrates with different proportions of decomposed babassu palm stem (DBPS), as well as to recommend the substrate formulation that provides the most favorable environment for the growth and development of sugarcane pre-sprouted seedlings. For preparation of the substrate (S), DBPS and soil were used in the following proportions: S1: 0 % of DBPS + 100 % of soil; S2: 20 % of DBPS + 80 % of soil; S3: 40 % of DBPS + 60 % of soil; S4: 60 % of DBPS + 40 % of soil; S5: 80 % of DBPS + 20 % of soil; S6: 100 % of DBPS + 0 % of soil. The use of S2 and S3 considerably improved the seedling quality parameters, such as sprout diameter and length, number of leaves and total, shoot and root dry mass. However, from an economic point of view, S2 is recommended for use.

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Growth and quality of SJ-02 cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) under different irrigation depths and cultivation containers

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.10.p2848 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1695-1700

Author(s):

Vinicius de Souza Oliveira ◽

Stefany Sampaio Silveira ◽

Robson Prucoli Posse ◽

Laís Gertrudes Fontana Silva ◽

Valeria Pancieri Sallin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Theobroma Cacao ◽

Quality Index ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Seedling Production ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Irrigation Depth ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Theobroma Cacao L ◽

Cocoa Seedlings

The study aimed to evaluate the growth and quality of SJ-02 cocoa seedlings under different irrigation depths and cultivation container sizes. The experiment was arranged as a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme (4x3), where the first factor consisted of the application of four different irrigation depths (6, 10, 12 and 14 mm d-1) and the second one was composed of three different cultivation containers (small, medium and large). Twelve treatments were evaluated with eight repetitions, totaling 96 plants in the experimental field. At 74 days after sowing, the leaf area, stem diameter, plant height, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root system, total dry mass and Dickson's quality index of all seedlings were analyzed. The 10.32 mm d-1 irrigation depth and the medium and large cultivation containers provided the highest quality in seedling production, being the most suitable ones. However, there was no interaction between the factors

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Mudas de Mangue Branco Irrigadas com Água de Rejeito de Salina Solar em Substrato Areia de Restinga para Replantio de Manguezais Degradados

Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde ◽

10.17921/1415-6938.2020v24n3p298-304 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 298-304

Author(s):

Sílvio Roberto Fernandes Soares ◽

Marcelo Tavares Gurgel ◽

Neyton de Oliveira Miranda ◽

Kaline Dantas Travassos ◽

Alexandre Santos Pimenta

Keyword(s):

Dry Mass ◽

Laguncularia Racemosa ◽

Coconut Fiber ◽

Applied Water ◽

Saline Environment ◽

Quality Water ◽

Mangrove Seedlings ◽

White Mangrove ◽

Reducing Costs

A necessidade de repovoar áreas de mangue degradadas pela produção de sal marinho levantou a questão da viabilidade da produção de mudas de mangue branco (Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C. Gaertn) com água e substrato obtidos próximos aos manguezais. Para tanto, foram testados o substrato Areia de Restinga e suas misturas com proporções de 25 e 50% de fibra de coco, bem como irrigação com água doce ou água contendo 5% e 10% de água de rejeito de salina com alta concentração de sal (água-mãe). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial, os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. As avaliações foram realizadas em cinco períodos de desenvolvimento de plântulas e incluíram massa seca total, altura de planta, diâmetro de caule, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz e índice de qualidade de Dickson. O substrato de areia de restinga e a irrigação com água doce proporcionaram as melhores dimensões e qualidade das mudas de mangue branco, mas mudas de tamanho e qualidade muito próximos foram produzidas quando a água aplicada continha 5% da água salgada. Os resultados obtidos serão aplicados para a produção de mudas de mangue branco, economizando água de boa qualidade e reduzindo custos com substrato comercial. Palavras-chave: Degradação Ambiental. Viveiro Florestal. Ambiente Salino. Abstract The need to repopulate mangrove areas degraded by sea salt production has raised the question of the viability of producing white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C. Gaertn) seedlings with water and substrate obtained near the mangroves. Therefore, the substrate Restinga Sand and its mixtures with proportions of 25 and 50% of coconut fiber were tested, as well as irrigation with freshwater or water containing 5% and 10% saltworks brine with high salt concentration (bittern). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme. Data analysis consisted of variance analysis and Tukey Test for comparison of means. Evaluations carried out in five periods of seedling development included total dry mass, plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, and Dickson quality index. Restinga Sand substrate and irrigation with freshwater provided the best dimensions and quality of white mangrove seedlings, but seedlings of very close size and quality were produced when the applied water contained 5% of the saltworks bittern. The obtained results will be applied to produce white mangrove seedlings saving good quality water and reducing costs with commercial substrate. Keywords: Environmental Degradation. Forest Nursery. Saline Environment.

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Railways as a Key Part of Integrated Transport Systems

Transport technic and technology ◽

10.2478/ttt-2019-0003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 12-15

Author(s):

Martin Vojtek ◽

Martin Kendra ◽

Jaromír Široký

Keyword(s):

Transport System ◽

Point Of View ◽

Transport Systems ◽

System Quality ◽

Passenger Transport ◽

Main Requirement ◽

Railway Passenger Transport ◽

Railway Passenger

Abstract Integrated passenger transport system consists of many factors with various impacts on the entire system quality. In passenger transport, there are mostly individual passengers therefore it is difficult to determine all transport requirements. In the passenger transport system, there are several modes of transport, but passengers mostly use road and rail transport. Passenger transport system is influenced by many qualitative factors with various impacts. The paper is focused on analysis of the role of railways in integrated passenger transport systems. The analysis is from passenger point of view because the key element in railway passenger transport is the passenger (customer), who requires the transport from one place to another. A basic precondition for accomplishing the main requirement (transport), is making the complete offer which provides not only transport, but also other complementary services. There are several types of passenger trains, which jointly create a part of integrated transport system. Quality of this transport system depends on train route topology, timetable of trains, number and location of all stations and stops. Primary function of the transport system is providing transport for passengers on regional, national-interregional and international level; therefore, the analysis involves these levels.

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Growth and Quality of Inga heterophylla Willd Seedlings According to the Slow Release Fertilizer

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n5p479 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 479

Author(s):

Elson J. S. da Silva ◽

Jéssy A. V. Senado ◽

Ádson E. da Silva ◽

Marcos A. P. Gama ◽

Selma T. Ohashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Slow Release ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Native Forest ◽

Mean Values ◽

Slow Release Fertilizer ◽

Performance Point ◽

Slow Release Fertilizers ◽

Collar Diameter

Slow release fertilizers have become an alternative for better efficiency in substrate fertilization for seedlings production, however, there are not many studies approaching the use of such fertilizers in the production of native forest species seedlings. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of a slow release fertilizer (SRF) on the development and quality of the Inga heterophylla seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a vivarium with 50% of shade for a 150-day period. Randomized blocks were the chosen experimental design, constituted of four treatments and four replications, with twenty plants per experimental unit. The treatments were four doses of Osmocote® FLL (0, 4.1, 8.2 and 12.3 g dm-3) in NPK 15-09-12 formulation, with evaluated variables being the height of the seedling (H), collar diameter (CD), number of leaf pairs (NLP), leaf area (LA), aerial part dry mass (APDM), root dry mass, total dry mass (TDM) and Dickson quality index (DQI). All the evaluated parameters responded significantly to the SRF doses and fit the positive quadratic polynomial model. For all of the analyzed variables, results show that the best averages were obtained by using the doses between 5.7 and 6.5 g dm-3, but due to the quadratic response they presented a decrease in the mean values after doses which were superior to the maximum performance point of each characteristic.

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Quality in the macroeconomic system of tourism

The Tourist Review ◽

10.1108/eb058272 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 17-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mara Manente ◽

Maria Carla Furlan

Keyword(s):

Natural Environment ◽

Carrying Capacity ◽

Point Of View ◽

Cultural Resources ◽

System Quality ◽

Local Society ◽

Final Consumption ◽

Sustainable System ◽

The Impact

The authors' approach to quality is in contrast to the usual view found in economics. They analyse the quality of tourism as a system which includes final consumption, product‐based market services, the natural environment and cultural resources at no cost, and the impact of the local society, all from the macroeconomic point of view. They point out that if optimal use is to be made of resources in the sense of achieving sustainable system quality, this use must be compatible with carrying capacity.

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SUBSTRATE AND FERTILIZATION IN THE QUALITY OF Myrocarpus frondosus SEEDLINGS

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v49i4.59748 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 831

Author(s):

Suelen Carpenedo Aimi ◽

Maristela Machado Araujo ◽

Maria Helena Fermino ◽

Luciane Almeri Tabaldi ◽

Thairini Claudino Zavistanovicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Native Species ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Fluorescence Maximum ◽

Randomized Design

Myrocarpus frondosus is a native species with high commercial timber value. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of seedlings of Myrocarpus frondosus in the nursery and to indicate the most adequate substrate and fertilization for the production of seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with four replications, in a factorial scheme, composed of four combinations of substrates: S1-100% commercial substrate (CS); S2 - 80% CS and 20% carbonated rice husk (CRH); S3 - 60% CS and 40% CRH; S4 - 40% CS and 60% CRH, and four fertilizations: NF – No fertilization; CRF – controlled release fertilizer (ammonium sulfate, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride); RRF – ready release fertilizer and micronutrients. Physical and chemical analyses were performed on the substrate. At 300 days after emergence, the following morphological variables were evaluated: (height, stem diameter, H/SD ratio, leaf area, root length, aerial dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, Dickson quality index) and the physiological variables chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, initial fluorescence, maximum fluorescence, Fv/Fm ratio and electron transport rate). Regardless of the substrate and fertilization, slow growth of the species was observed, even for the best treatment, which was verified from the height (17.87 cm) and stem diameter (2.62 mm). The use of the commercial substrate (40%) with carbonated rice husk (60%) associated with the concentration of 6 g L-1 of controlled release fertilizer is recommended, since they present the best results for the morphological and physiological variables in the nursery in general.

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