scholarly journals POTENCIAL HÍDRICO FOLIAR E DESENVOLVIMENTO VEGETATIVO DO CAFEEIRO CONILON SOB DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO NA REGIÃO E CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES - RJ

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Diego Albani Furlan ◽  
Elias Fernandes De Sousa ◽  
José Carlos Mendonça ◽  
Claudio Luiz Melo De Souza ◽  
Romildo Domingos Gottardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Water Supplementation

POTENCIAL HÍDRICO FOLIAR E DESENVOLVIMENTO VEGETATIVO DO CAFEEIRO CONILON SOB DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO NA REGIÃO E CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES - RJ     DIEGO ALBANI FURLAN1; ELIAS FERNANDES DE SOUSA2; JOSÉ CARLOS MENDONÇA3; CLAUDIO LUIZ MELO DE SOUZA4; ROMILDO DOMINGOS GOTTARDO 5 E RODOLLPHO ARTUR DE SOUSA LIMA6   1Laboratório de Engenharia Agrícola – LEAG, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Laqmedo, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil, [email protected] 2Laboratório de Engenharia Agrícola – LEAG, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Laqmedo, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil, [email protected]  3Laboratório de Engenharia Agrícola – LEAG, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Laqmedo, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil, [email protected]  4Laboratório de Engenharia Agrícola – LEAG, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Laqmedo, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil, [email protected]  5Laboratório de Engenharia Agrícola – LEAG, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Laqmedo, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil, [email protected]  6Laboratório de Engenharia Agrícola – LEAG, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Laqmedo, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil, [email protected]     1 RESUMO   Na atividade cafeeira, o Brasil se destaca como maior produtor mundial, porém verifica-se que a sua produtividade é afetada de forma negativa pela seca, o que torna a produção dependente de complementação hídrica. Este trabalho tem como objetivo determinar estresse hídrico e o desenvolvimento do café Conilon em diferentes lâminas de irrigação. O delineamento experimental foi constituído de blocos casualizados, com três repetições, distribuídos em cinco tratamentos, sendo estes as lâminas de água de 0, 25, 50, 100 e 125% da ET0­. Cada parcela foi constituída de seis plantas, sendo as duas primeiras plantas de cada bloco consideradas bordadura. O potencial hídrico foliar foi determinado pela  medição da pressão de turgescência da folha, utilizando a bomba de Scholander, em uma planta por bloco e por tratamento. A altura da planta, secção transversal do caule e diâmetro da copa foram avaliados em três plantas por bloco, utilizando régua e paquímetro graduados. Os valores para o potencial hídrico foliar realizado na antemanhã variaram ente –0,15 a -1,18 MPa e, ao meio dia, de -1,17 a -2,3 MPa. As lâminas de irrigação equivalentes a 100 e 125% da ET0 apresentaram maiores valores ao longo do desenvolvimento da cultura até o momento da avaliação.    Palavras-Chave: cafeeiro, bomba de Scholander, status hídrico, parâmetros biométricos.     FURLAN, D. A.; SOUSA, E.F.; MENDONÇA, J. C.; SOUZA, C. L. M.; GOTTARDO, R. D.  E LIMA, R. A. S. POTENTIAL LEAF WATER AND VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF COFFEE CONILON UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION DEPTHS IN THE REGION OF CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES - RJ     2 ABSTRACT   In the coffee production, Brazil stands out as the world's largest producer, but its productivity is negatively affected by drought, which makes production dependent on water supplementation. This work aims to determine water stress and the development of Conilon coffee in different irrigation depths. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with three replicates, distributed in five treatments, the irrigation depths of 0, 25, 50, 100 and 125% of ET0 -. Each plot was constituted of six plants, being the first two plants of each block considered border. The leaf water potential was is determined by measuring leaf turgor pressure using the Scholander pump in a plant per block and by treatment. The plant height, stem cross-section and crown diameter were evaluated in three plants per block using a graduated ruler and pachymeter. The values ​​for leaf water potential performed in the morning ranged from -0.15 to -1.18 MPa and, for noon, from -1.17 to -2.3 MPa. The irrigation depths equivalent to 100 and 125% of the ET0 presented higher values ​​throughout the development of the culture until the moment of the evaluation.   Keywords: coffee, Scholander pump, water status, biometric parameters.

scholarly journals Geospatial variation of grapevine water status, soil water availability, grape composition and sensory characteristics in a spatially heterogeneous premium wine grape vineyard

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1013-1072
Author(s):  
D. R. Smart ◽  
S. Cosby Hess ◽  
R. Plant ◽  
O. Feihn ◽  
H. Heymann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Available Water

Abstract. The geoscience component of terroir in wine grape production continues to be criticized for its quasi-mystical nature, and lack of testable hypotheses. Nonetheless, recent relational investigations are emerging and most involve water availability as captured by available water capacity (AWC, texture) or plant available water (PAW) in the root zone of soil as being a key factor. The second finding emerging may be that the degree of microscale variability in PAW and other soil factors at the vineyard scale renders larger regional characterizations questionable. Cimatic variables like temperature are well mixed, and its influence on wine characteristic is fairly well established. The influence of mesogeology on mesoclimate factors has also been characterized to some extent. To test the hypothesis that vine water status mirrors soil water availability, and controls fruit sensory and chemical properties at the vineyard scale we examined such variables in a iconic, selectively harvested premium winegrape vineyard in the Napa Valley of California during 2007 and 2008 growing seasons. Geo-referenced data vines remained as individual study units throughout data gathering and analysis. Cartographic exercises using geographic information systems (GIS) were used to vizualize geospatial variation in soil and vine properties. Highly significant correlations (P < 0.01) emerged for pre-dawn leaf water potential (ΨPD), mid-day leaf water potential (ΨL) and PAW, with berry size, berry weight, pruning weights (canopy size) and soluble solids content (°Brix). Areas yielding grapes with perceived higher quality had vines with (1) lower leaf water potential (LWP) both pre-dawn and mid-day, (2) smaller berry diameter and weight, (3) lower pruning weights, and (4) higher °Brix. A trained sensory panel found grapes from the more water-stressed vines had significantly sweeter and softer pulp, absence of vegetal character, and browner and crunchier seeds. Metabolomic analysis of the grape skins showed significant differences in accumulation of amino acids and organic acids. Data vines were categorized as non-stressed (ΨPD ≥ −7.9 bars and ΨL ≥ −14.9 bars) and stressed (ΨPD ≤ −8.0 bars and ΨL ≤ −15.0 bars) and subjected to analysis of variance. Significant separation emerged for vines categorized as non-stressed versus stressed at véraison, which correlated to the areas described as producing higher and lower quality fruit. This report does not advocate the use of stress levels herein reported. The vineyard was planted to a vigorous, deep rooted rootstock (V. rupestris cv. St. George), and from years of management is known to be able to withstand stress levels of the magnitude we observed. Nonetheless, the results may suggest there is not a linear relationship between physiological water stress and grape sensory characteristics, but rather the presence of an inflection point controlling grape composition as well as physiological development.

Carbon dioxide enrichment and water stress interaction on growth of two tomato cultivars

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Paez ◽  
H. Hellmers ◽  
B. R. Strain
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Total Leaf

SummaryIf atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration continues to increase, plant growth and crop yield could be affected. New Yorker and Better Boy cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were used to investigate possible intraspecific variation in the response of crop species to increased CO2. Because precipitation and temperature are predicted to change with the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, the response of the two cultivars to the interaction between CO2 and water stress was also examined. Seeds of the two cultivars were germinated and grown under controlled environmental conditions, in either 350 or 675 μ1 CO2/1.The plant water status of the two cultivars was inherently different but was little affected by the CO2 concentration when the plants were well watered. When water was withheld for 5 days the total leaf water potential and osmotic potential decreased in both CO2 treatments but less rapidly in high CO2 than in low. Under low CO2 total leaf water potential decreased to a lower value than osmotic potential. The differences were due, at least in part, to the reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration rate under high CO2.Increased CO2 ameliorated the detrimental effects of drought stress on plant growth. The results indicate that increased CO2 could differentially affect the relative drought resistance of species cultivars.

Anomalous Water Relations in Copper-Deficient Wheat Plants

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Graham
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Effect Of Copper

Leaf water potential, diffusive resistance, relative water content, weekly water use, yields and head bending were measured on wheat plants subjected to four copper levels (0, 0.4, 0.8 or 4.0 mg Cu per pot) and two water levels (6 or 12% soil water content). Severe copper deficiency (Cu 0) resulted in no grain yield, wilting, increased leaf diffusive resistance and, at the same time, increased leaf water potential relative to plants receiving 4.0 mg Cu (Cu 4.0). Water supply effects were observed but there was no interaction between copper and water treatments. Mild copper deficiency (Cu 0.4, Cu 0.8) resulted in small yield decreases, relative to Cu 4.0, and increased head bending towards maturity. It is concluded that wilting, characteristic of copper-deficient plants, is due to structural weakness (decreased lignification) and not to the water status of the plants; also, increased leaf diffusive resistance is due to a specific effect of copper deficiency on guard cells and not to decreased leaf water potential.

Relationship Between Root/Soil Hydraulic Properties and Stomatal Behaviour in Sugarcane

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
NZ Saliendra ◽  
FC Meinzer
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
High Soil Moisture

Stomatal conductance, leaf and soil water status, transpiration, and apparent root hydraulic conductance were measured during soil drying cycles for three sugarcane cultivars growing in containers in a greenhouse. At high soil moisture, transpiration and apparent root hydraulic conductance differed considerably among cultivars and were positively correlated, whereas leaf water potential was similar among cultivars. In drying soil, stomatal and apparent root hydraulic conductance approached zero over a narrow (0.1 MPa) range of soil water suction. Leaf water potential remained nearly constant during soil drying because the vapor phase conductance of the leaves and the apparent liquid phase conductance of the root system declined in parallel. The decline in apparent root hydraulic conductance with soil drying was manifested as a large increase in the hydrostatic pressure gradient between the soil and the root xylem. These results suggested that control of stomatal conductance in sugarcane plants exposed to drying soil was exerted primarily at the root rather than at the leaf level.

Does predawn water potential discern between irrigation treatments in Galician white grapevine cultivars?

OENO One ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Mirás-Avalos ◽  
Emiliano Trigo-Córdoba ◽  
Yolanda Bouzas-Cid
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Stem Water

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: To evaluate the usefulness of predawn water potential (<strong>Ψ</strong><sub>pd</sub>) to assess the water status of Galician grapevine cultivars for irrigation purposes.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Three Galician white grapevine cultivars (Albariño, Godello and Treixadura) were subjected to rain-fed and irrigation conditions during the 2013 growing season. Diurnal changes in leaf water potential (<strong>Ψ</strong><sub>l</sub>) were measured using a pressure chamber on days with high evapotranspiration demand. Stem water potential (<strong>Ψ</strong><sub>s</sub>) was measured at midday. <strong>Ψ</strong><sub>pd</sub> was not able to discriminate between treatments, whereas <strong>Ψ</strong><sub>l</sub> and <strong>Ψ</strong><sub>s</sub> at midday were able to detect significant differences in water status among plants.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: <strong>Ψ</strong><sub>pd</sub> was not useful to evaluate vine water status under the Galician climatic conditions. In contrast, both <strong>Ψ</strong><sub>l</sub> and <strong>Ψ</strong><sub>s</sub> were effective for detecting differences between treatments and can thus be used for irrigation management purposes.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: This is the first study evaluating water status of Galician grapevine cultivars. It also provides useful information about the strategy for its control through measurements of midday <strong>Ψ</strong>l or <strong>Ψ</strong>s.</p>

Divergence in plant water-use strategies in semiarid woody species

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael H. Nolan ◽  
Kendal A. Fairweather ◽  
Tonantzin Tarin ◽  
Nadia S. Santini ◽  
James Cleverly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Status

Partitioning of water resources amongst plant species within a single climate envelope is possible if the species differ in key hydraulic traits. We examined 11 bivariate trait relationships across nine woody species found in the Ti-Tree basin of central Australia. We found that species with limited access to soil moisture, evidenced by low pre-dawn leaf water potential, displayed anisohydric behaviour (e.g. large seasonal fluctuations in minimum leaf water potential), had greater sapwood density and lower osmotic potential at full turgor. Osmotic potential at full turgor was positively correlated with the leaf water potential at turgor loss, which was, in turn, positively correlated with the water potential at incipient stomatal closure. We also observed divergent behaviour in two species of Mulga, a complex of closely related Acacia species which range from tall shrubs to low trees and dominate large areas of arid and semiarid Australia. These Mulga species had much lower minimum leaf water potentials and lower specific leaf area compared with the other seven species. Finally, one species, Hakea macrocarpa A.Cunn ex.R.Br., had traits that may allow it to tolerate seasonal dryness (through possession of small specific leaf area and cavitation resistant xylem) despite exhibiting cellular water relations that were similar to groundwater-dependent species. We conclude that traits related to water transport and leaf water status differ across species that experience differences in soil water availability and that this enables a diversity of species to exist in this low rainfall environment.

scholarly journals Correlations among Predawn Leaf, Midday Leaf, and Midday Stem Water Potential and their Correlations with other Measures of Soil and Plant Water Status in Vitis vinifera

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Williams ◽  
F.J. Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Water Potential Measurements

A study was conducted to compare three measurements of determining water status of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in the field. Predawn leaf water potential (ΨPD), midday leaf water potential (Ψl), and midday stem water potential (Ψstem) were measured on `Chardonnay' and `Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevines grown in Napa Valley, California late in the 1999 growing season. Both cultivars had been irrigated weekly at various fractions (0, 0.5, and 1.0 for `Chardonnay' and 0, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.5 for `Cabernet') of estimated vineyard evapotranspiration (ETc) from approximately anthesis up to the dates of measurements. Predawn water potential measurements were taken beginning at 0330 hr and completed before sunrise. Midday Ψl and Ψstem measurements were taken only between 1230 and 1330 hr. In addition, net CO2 assimilation rates (A) and stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs) were also measured at midday. Soil water content (SWC) was measured in the `Chardonnay' vineyard using a neutron probe. Values obtained for ΨPD, Ψl, and Ψstem in this study ranged from about -0.05 to -0.8, -0.7 to -1.8, and -0.5 to -1.6 MPa, respectively. All three measurements of vine water status were highly correlated with one another. Linear regression analysis of Ψl and Ψstem versus ΨPD resulted in r2 values of 0.88 and 0.85, respectively. A similar analysis of Ψl as a function of Ψstem resulted in an r2 of 0.92. In the `Chardonnay' vineyard, all three methods of estimating vine water status were significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with SWC and applied amounts of water. Lastly, ΨPD, Ψl, and Ψstem were all linearly correlated with measurements of A and gs at midday. Under the conditions of this study, ΨPD, Ψl, and Ψstem represent equally viable methods of assessing the water status of these grapevines. They were all correlated similarly with the amount of water in the soil profile and leaf gas exchange as well as with one another.

scholarly journals Vine water deficit : among the 3 applications of pressure chamber, stem water potential is the most sensitive indicator

OENO One ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Xavier Choné ◽  
Olivier Trégoat ◽  
Cornelis Van Leeuwen ◽  
Denis Dubourdieu
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Pressure Chamber ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Sensitive Indicator ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Stem Water

<p style="text-align: justify;">Vine water status is an important factor in grape quality. High tannin and anthocyanin content in red grape berries are related to moderate vine water deficits. Hence, a simple and sensitive indicator is required to determine vine water status and especially water constraint. Pressure chamber allows a quick and easy to practice determination of water status in the vineyard. Three applications of pressure chamber are known: predawn leaf water potential (ΨB), leaf water potential (ΨF) and stem water potential (ΨT). Only ΨB and ΨF are widely used on vines. In this survey ΨB, ΨF, ΨT and transpiration flow were measured on mature leaves to determine non-irrigated vine water status in field grown vines during the growing season. In California as well as in France, stem Ψ was the most discriminating indicator for both moderate and severe water deficits. In every plot surveyed ΨT was much better correlated to leaf transpiration than ΨF. Moreover, ΨT revealed nascent water deficit earlier than ΨB did. Among the three application of pressure chamber, ΨT was the only one to indicate short term water deficit after a rainfall. Hence, ΨT appears to be a useful indicator for grapevine management in both non-irrigated and irrigated vineyards.</p>

scholarly journals Relationship between Soil and Plant Water Status in Wine Grapes under Various Water Deficit Regimes

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Centeno ◽  
Pilar Baeza ◽  
José Ramón Lissarrague
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Soil Matric Potential ◽  
Matric Potential

Limited water supply in arid and semiarid Mediterranean environments demands improving irrigation efficiency. The purpose of this study was to determine a functional relationship between soil water availability and wine grape (Vitis vinifera) water status to determine a threshold value of soil matric potential to trigger irrigation. Seasonal trends of soil water potential, leaf water potential, and stomatal conductance (gS) of ‘Tempranillo’ wine grape were determined in two deficit irrigation treatments replenishing 45% and 30% of the reference evapotranspiration, and in a third non-irrigated treatment during 2001 and 2002. Soil water potential was measured with granular matrix soil moisture sensors placed at 0.3 m (Ψ0.3), 0.6 m (Ψ0.6), and 1.2 m (Ψ1.2) depths. The sensors at 0.3 m depth quickly responded to irrigation by increasing Ψ0.3 levels. At the 0.6 m depth, Ψ0.6 progressively decreased, showing significant differences between T1 and the rest of the treatments, while no significant differences in Ψ1.2 were found. All relationships between profile soil matric potential and leaf water potential and gS were highly correlated. After integrating our data with previous studies, we suggest a whole profile soil water potential value of –0.12 MPa as threshold to trigger irrigation and avoid severe water stress during berry growth.

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