Pattern of menstrual cycle after kidney transplant in reproductive women

Background. In reproductive women, transplant disturbs the menstrual cycle pattern. The two major conditions usually encountered are amenorrhea and menorrhagia.The objective of the study was to assess the pattern of menstrual cycle after kidney transplant in reproductive women.Materials and methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out in a public sector hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. A total 69 patients of reproductive age were included who underwent living kidney donor transplant for more than a year ago. Women having genital tract infection, using hormonal treatment, organic cause of genital tract, clotting disorder and severe cardiac and/ or peripheral vascular disease were excluded. Frequency and percentages were calculated for demographic characteristics. Correlation and association analysis was calculated for type of menstruation with menstrual cycle pattern. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results. Majority of female included in the study aged between 35–39 years (36, 52.2%). The most frequent menstrual disturbance observed was heavy menstrual bleeding (22, 31.9%) and amenorrhea (21, 30.4%). Only 2.9% cases showed normal menstrual pattern. The cross tabulation indicated that 26.1% patients had amenorrhea, 24.6% had oligomenorrhea and 31.9% had menorrhagia. The Durbin–Watson value of 0.656 indicated a strong positive relationship between menstruation cycle pattern (dependent variable) and type of menstruation, marital status, donor’s age, children and living location of the patients (independent variables).Conclusion. From the result of the present study, it is concluded that the reproductive age women have shown a disturbed pattern of menstrual cycle after kidney transplant. The major observation was that such patients reported amenorrhea, menorrhagia, oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea.

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Spectrum of Pathological Lesions in Uterine Specimens with Focus on Gestational Trophoblastic Disease in Karachi

Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry ◽

10.36283/pjmd9-4/005 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Hydatidiform Mole ◽

Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma ◽

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Endometrial Polyps ◽

Trophoblastic Disease ◽

Proliferative Endometrium

Background: The most common benign pathological lesion in women of reproductive age is uterine leiomyoma. Gestational trophoblastic disease includes tumors and tumor like lesions originating from trophoblastic tissue. The aim of this study was to ﬁnd the spectrum of molar pregnancy and uterine pathologies focusing on gestational trophoblastic disease as no study has been done in the past few years. Methods: Endometrial and uterine specimens of patients (n=436) between the ages of 15-65 years were collected from a private hospital in Karachi from December 2018 to December 2019. This cross-sectional study was carried out by pathological diagnosis of patients’ samples under light microscopy using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Stratiﬁcation was done about age and nature of specimen to control the effect modiﬁers. The post stratiﬁcation Chi square test was applied and p value <0.05 was considered signiﬁcant. Results: Mean age of the patients was 36.1 years ±7.8. Total 436 uterine biopsies included 260(59.6%) hysterectomies, 56(12.8%) endometrial curetting’s, 117(26.8%) evacuation specimens and 3(0.7%) polypectomies. Common pathologies included 124(28.4%) leiomyomas, 61(14%) proliferative endometrium, 52(11.9%) adenomyosis and 32(7.3%) endometrial polyps. Gestational trophoblastic disease was seen in 9(2.06%). Seven (87.5%) were partial hydatidiform moles, one (12.5%) exaggerated placental site reaction and one choriocarcinoma. Mole was common between 26-30 years with mean age of 27.2 years and prevalence was 6/100 abortions. Conclusion: Leiomyoma was the commonest (28.4%) uterine pathology followed by proliferative endometrium (14.5%). However, endometrial stromal sarcoma and endometriosis were found 0.2% each. High prevalence of mole was seen in this study. Partial mole was most common and choriocarcinoma was least common. Keywords: Hydatidiform Mole; Pathology; Prevalence.

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The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Menstrual Abnormalities—a Cross-Sectional Study

Obesity Surgery ◽

10.1007/s11695-020-04840-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (11) ◽

pp. 4505-4509

Author(s):

Anna Różańska-Walędziak ◽

Paweł Bartnik ◽

Joanna Kacperczyk-Bartnik ◽

Krzysztof Czajkowski ◽

Maciej Walędziak

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Obese Women ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Contraception Use ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction Obesity is associated with hyperestrogenism along with other hormonal abnormalities affecting the menstrual cycle. The most effective and decisive method of obesity treatment is bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of bariatric surgery on menstrual cycle, the incidence of menstrual abnormalities, hyperandrogenism manifestation, and contraception use. Materials and Methods It was a cross-sectional study of 515 pre-menopausal women who had undergone bariatric surgery between 1999 and 2017 in a bariatric center. Data was collected via anonymous questionnaire, and the questions covered a 1-year period before the surgery and the last year before questionnaire completion. Results Before the surgery, 38.6% of the patients reported irregular menstruations in comparison with 25.0% after bariatric surgery (RR = 0.65; 95%CI 0.53–0.79). The mean number of menstruations per year did not differ before and after surgery (10.2 ± 3.9 vs 10.4 ± 3.3; p < .45). There were no statistically significant differences in terms of prolonged menstruations, acne, and hirsutism prevalence. A total of 14.4% of patients before surgery reported estrogen-based contraception use in comparison with 15.0% after the surgery (p < .95). There were no significant differences in the frequency of OC use (11.0% before surgery vs 13.6% 12 months after the surgery vs 11.5% at the moment of survey administration; p < 0.46). Conclusion Bariatric surgery improves the regularity of the menstrual cycle in obese women in reproductive age. The lack of any changes in the combined hormonal contraception (CHC) use, especially OC, before and after bariatric surgery may be a result of a possibly low level of contraception counseling.

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Evaluation of Quality of Life among Kidney Transplant Patients- A Cross Sectional Study

10.53350/pjmhs2115113087 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 3087-3089

Author(s):

Rashida Jabeen ◽

Kousar Perveen ◽

Muhammad Afzal ◽

Sadia Khan

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Kidney Transplantation ◽

Kidney Transplant ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Transplant Patients ◽

Kidney Transplant Patients

Kidney transplantation is the famous and most important choice of treatment of renal replacement therapies (RRTs) because of its positive impact on morbidity, survival and cost. The health related quality of life is becoming important outcome. Quality of life is usually impaired in patients who have renal transplant because of renal transplant patients have anxiety, lack of social, physical and emotional support and diminished ability to take care of themselves. The basic purpose of renal transplantation is to achieve maximum quality of life with minimum side effects. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Rukhsana Akhtar Bahria International Orchard Hospital Lahore after approval from institution board of university of Lahore. 36 patients were enrolled in study by using purposive sampling technique. After taking informed consent all Kidney transplant patients aged between 18 years to 60 years, visited the post-transplantation OPD and continuously in follow-up sessions were included in study. A validated and standard WHO questionnaire of “Kidney Disease and Quality of Life (KDQOL-36™)” was used for data collection. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version.21.Chi-square test was applied to find out significant association between qualitative variables. P -Value < 0.05will be considered as statistically significant. Results: Majority of patients were from 40-49 years 10(27.0%). Females were more as compared to men (20(55.6) vs 16(44.4%)). 10(27.8) patients can read and write and 8(22.2%) have done matriculation. More patients live in Urban area as compared to rural area(19(52.8%) vs 17(47.2%)).8(22.2%) patients have less than 1 year of post kidney transplantation time and 19(52.8%) have 1 to 3 years. All the seven domains of KDQOL show poor QOL. General Health, Physical function and physical and emotional function shows average QOL and Emotional, social, daily activities and overall KDQOL shows poor QOL. There was insignificant association with age, gender, education; residential area and Post kidney transplantation length of time (years)(p-value > 0.05). Conclusions: After renal transplantation HRQOL becomes very important factor. After kidney transplantation HRQOL depends on many factors. It was concluded from current study that the HRQOL was not as good as it should be. Over the period of transplantation time patient’s quality of life remain same. The society, government, family, and medical staff need to support patients so they can also improve their QOL. Key word: Renal Diseases, Kidney transplant, Quality of life, KDQOL-36

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Women’s knowledge and participation in early detection of cervical cancer: a cross-sectional study

Journal of Health Technology Assessment in Midwifery ◽

10.31101/jhtam.880 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Elia Ika Rahmawati ◽

Dini Andriyani ◽

Fathiyatur Rohmah

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Early Detection ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

P Value ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Incidence And Mortality

Cervical cancer is a malignant disease that remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women in the world. In Indonesia, only 5% of women of reproductive age screen for cervical cancer. 76.6% of cervical cancer patients are detected with the disease when they entered the advanced stage. Early detection of cervical cancer is the key intervention in the reduction of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Other studies reported that the awareness of women of reproductive age to do cervical cancer screening is still very low due to a lack of knowledge about cervical cancer. This study aimed to determine the correlation of knowledge and participation in early detection of cervical cancer in women in reproductive age. This study used an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used incidental sampling with a total of 36 women in reproductive age. Data analysis used Chi-Square test. Statistical results showed that there was a significant correlation between knowledge of women in reproductive age about cervical cancer and participation in early detection of cervical cancer, which is p value = 0.020 ( 0.05) and coefficient of contingency (r) = 0.423. The level of closeness of the correlation is medium. Therefore, there is a need for tailored services that could improve knowledge of women in reproductive age about cervical cancer to improve participation with a view to preventing cervical cancer by early detection.

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Reduction of Testosterone Levels in Schistosoma Haematobium or Schistosoma Mansoni Infected Men: A Cross-Sectional Study in Two Schistosomiasis-Endemic Areas of the Adamawa Region of Cameroon

10.21203/rs.3.rs-915844/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hermine BOUKENG JATSA ◽

Ulrich MEMBE FEMOE ◽

Calvine NOUMEDEM DONGMO ◽

Romuald Issiaka NGASSAM KAMWA ◽

Betrand NONO FESUH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genital Tract ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Serum Testosterone Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Endemic Areas ◽

Age Range ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: The incidence of schistosomiasis‐induced male reproductive dysfunction and infertility is probably underestimated comparing to female genital schistosomiasis. This study aimed to investigate the impact of S. haematobium or S. mansoni infection on the reproductive function of adult men in Tibati and Wouldé, two schistosomiasis endemic areas in the Adamawa region of Cameroon.Methods: A total of 89 men in the reproductive age (range: 14 – 56 years) from two localities were enrolled in the study with 51 in Tibati and 38 in Wouldé. Each participant was submitted to a questionnaire to document data on sociodemographic and stream contact behaviors. A medical examination was performed to measure the circumference of the testes and to evaluate genital tract pathologies. Stool and urine samples were collected and screened for the presence of S. haematobium or S. mansoni ova. Blood serum was use to evaluate the level of transaminases and testosterone.Results: S. haematobium was present only in Tibati with a prevalence of 31.37%. S. mansoni prevalence was 3.92% at Tibati and 44.71% in Wouldé. The intensity of infection was 22.12 ± 9.57 eggs/10 mL for S. haematobium and 128.10 ± 3.76 epg for S. mansoni. Serum transaminases activity and the mean testicular circumference of Schistosoma-positive individuals were close to those of negative ones. The testes size was however higher in S. mansoni-positive individuals than in S. haematobium-positive ones (P < 0.05). The serum testosterone level of S. haematobium and S. mansoni-positive men was significantly reduced by 56.07% (P < 0.001) and 51.94% (P < 0.01) respectively in comparison to that of Schistosoma-negative ones. A significant and negative correlation was established between schistosomiasis and the low level of serum testosterone. Male genital tract pathologies such as scrotal abnormalities, varicocele, nodular epididymis, inguinal hernia and hydrocele were recorded in both Schistosoma-positive and Schistosoma-negative men. However, no significant link was established between schistosomiasis infection and these pathologies.Conclusion: These results demonstrated that infection with S. haematobium or S. mansoni is associated with a low production of the reproductive hormone testosterone, and may be a major cause of male infertility.

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A cross sectional study of polycystic ovarian syndrome among young women in Bhopal, Central India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175603 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 95 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mahesh Gupta ◽

Daneshwar Singh ◽

Manju Toppo ◽

Angelin Priya ◽

Soumitra Sethia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young Women ◽

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Waist Hip Ratio ◽

Ovarian Syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age groups. It is one of the leading causes of poor fertility. Risk factors include obesity, not enough physical exercise, and a family history. Most studies in India report prevalence of PCOS as 9.13% to 36%. Behaviour and life style modifications are important part of treatment for PCOS. A number of cases in the community due to lack of awareness and proper guidance, it remains undiagnosed. Aim of this study was to find the prevalence of PCOS among the young females of Bhopal city. Thus, risk assessment in the form of a survey would be one of the strategies to identify this syndrome early so as to encourage young women to seek timely treatment and prevent its long term complications. Methods: Non comparative cross sectional study for duration of 8 month. Results: The prevalence of PCOS in this study was 8.20%. Among all the risk factors, BMI ≥25 (P value < 0.0001) and waist hip ratio ≥0.85 (<0.0001) were strongly associated with the presence of PCOS and Lack of awareness, there were in girls (78.4%). Conclusions: Women who were having BMI ≥25 and waist hip ratio ≥0.85 should be educated about its complications and should be advised weight loss. Girls who had irregularity of menses and signs of hyperandrogenism should be investigated and must be managed accordingly. Early diagnosis of PCOS and its prompt treatment will help the girls to improve quality of life.

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Awareness and utilization of contraceptives among males of reproductive age, Jos North, Plateau state, Nigeria

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203367 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 2944

Author(s):

Ize A. Osagie ◽

Esther A. Envuladu ◽

Solomon Thilza ◽

Mohammed Amina ◽

Jemie U. Nnanna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contraceptive Use ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

P Value ◽

Structure Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Modern Contraceptives ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Plateau State

Background: Modern contraceptives are relevant interventions in the reduction of maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Its uptake by females of reproductive age has been found to be influenced by male partners’ awareness and utilization. This study aimed to determine the awareness of contraceptives, utilization prevalence and sociodemographic predictors for use among males of reproductive age in Jos North.Methods: A cross sectional study involving 406 males of reproductive age who were selected by multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered semi-structure questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 23.0. At 95% confidence interval, a p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: There was a high awareness prevalence of contraceptives 378 (93.1%). However, the prevalence of current contraceptive use with partners was low 160 (42.3%). Respondents who were single were more likely to use contraceptives than those who were married or separated (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.109-2.251). Those between the ages of 35-44 years also had a higher likelihood of using modern contraceptives than younger men (OR 2; 95% CI 0.410-2.436). Education, occupation and family size had no statistically significant association with contraceptive use among respondents.Conclusions: Despite the high awareness of modern contraceptives among respondents in this study, utilization with partners was low. Predictors of utilization were being single and being in the third decade of life. This could impact on increased risk for both maternal and child mortality. Male targeted contraceptive education is necessary at community levels to improve uptake.

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Modulation of Platelet Functions Assessment during Menstruation and Ovulatory Phases

Journal of Medicine and Life ◽

10.25122/jml-2019-0005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 296-300

Author(s):

Faisal Alzahrani ◽

◽

Fathelrahman Hassan ◽

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Platelet Function ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Thrombus Formation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Platelet Activity ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Platelet Functions

During menstruation, endometrial hemostasis is achieved by platelet aggregation, fibrin deposition, and thrombus formation that interact with local endocrine and immunological factors which cause termination of menstrual bleeding. Interactions between steroidal sex hormones and platelet functions are not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of platelet function during the menstrual cycle and luteal phase in women of reproductive age. The cross-sectional study on women of reproductive age included 44 healthy women. Platelet function was assessed by PFA-100TM analyzer with collagen/epinephrine and collagen/ADP cartridges during the menstrual cycle and luteal phase. There were no significant differences in platelet function between menstruation and ovulatory phase. Platelet activity in Arab collagen/epinephrine cartridge increased during menstruation compared to non-Arab ethnic subjects and no significant differences in platelet function were found when using collagen/ADP cartridge. This study suggested modulation in platelet functions during menstruation and luteal phase in women of reproductive age. Further studies, including a large number of subjects, platelet genetic and progesterone factors change in platelet clotting associated to menstrual cycle should be conducted.

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Syndromic approach to identify cases of vaginal discharge: a cross-sectional study among females of Shaheed Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20185280 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 412

Author(s):

Nisha Singh ◽

Seema Patel ◽

Anshuli Trivedi ◽

Yogendra Chouhan

Keyword(s):

Health Care Providers ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

P Value ◽

Care Providers ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Common Diagnosis ◽

Syndromic Approach

Background: Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) is important in controlling STIs and to break the chain of infection and transmission.Syndromic case management is a standardized evidence-based approach which utilizes clinical management algorithms and flowcharts that are handy and can be consistently used across health care providers. The objectives of the study were to identify cases of vaginal discharge in Shaheed Nagar, Bhopal and to provide them treatment following syndromic approach.Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study carried out over a period of three months among reproductive age group females (15-45 years) in Shaheed Nagar, Bhopal. Purposive sampling by conducting door- to- door survey until 150 women fulfilling study criteria was interviewed. A pre-designed questionnaire used for data collection. Educational intervention given to all participants. 37 participants identified with vaginal discharge syndrome and were assisted by study team to gynecological OPD for obtaining treatment based on syndromic approach. Data entered in MS Excel 2007 and statistical analysis carried out using epi-info 7.2. Proportions and percentages were calculated. Chi-square was used to find out association between prevalence of vaginal discharge and qualitative variables. P value <0.05 considered statistically significant.Results: Prevalence of vaginal discharge was 24.67%. The most common presenting complaint was general weakness (52%). The most common diagnosis was cervicitis (8.67%) followed by vaginitis (4.67%). Statistically significant correlation was found between presence of disease (STI) and use of intra- uterine device (IUD), non-use of sanitary pads, marital status, occupation and socio- economic class.Conclusions: Abnormal vaginal discharge can both be the cause as well as the effect of pelvic inflammatory disease.

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Determinants of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Khartoum State - Sudan, 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-42443/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mustafa Khidir Mustafa Elnimeiri ◽

Reem Mahmoud Mohamed Abdelbasit ◽

Mohanad Kamaleldin Mahmoud Ibrahim ◽

Dimetry Adel Dimetry Mingaryous ◽

Taqwa Mohieldeen Hamid Abdelrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parental Education ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Female Genital Cutting ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Genital Mutilation ◽

Female Genital

Abstract Background: Female genital cutting/mutilation (FGC/M) is deeply rooted and widely practiced in Sudan. Although the trend is slowly decreasing, the magnitude is still very high as the procedure has no known benefit but has many consequences. The aim of this study was to identify the causes and the risk factors associated with FGC/M among reproductive-age women in the country.Methods: A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 902 women in the reproductive age (15-49) years in Khartoum State-Sudan, sampled proportionate to size using multistage clustering and participants were drawn using systematic probability sampling technique. Data were collected using a standardized administered questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among 902 women who participated in the study, 89% of were married and 48% of them got married for the first time at age less than 20 years. The commonest age for such practice was 6-7 years as stated by about 48% of them. There is a significant association between educational level of participants and practicing FGC/M among their daughters (P value=.0001) with a tendency of the participants who attained a higher educational levels to less subject their daughters to any form of FGC/M. There is a significant association between the type of FGC/M of participants and the type of FGC/M of their daughters (P value=.001) with a tendency of the participants’ daughters to be subjected to clitorectomy rather than pharaonic. 39% of the participants stated that they themselves influenced the decision to subject their daughters to FGC/M while 32% of them stated that the grandmothers influence such a decision. The study revealed 45% of the participants believed in customs and traditions as the main reason for the conduct of FGC/M.Conclusion: The FGC/M was widely practiced by the participants’ families indicating the deeply rooted practice as a social norm. Parental education is inversely associated with practicing FGC/M to their daughters. The socio-cultural reason was the main cause of practicing FGC/M among participants. Therefore, a significant change in factors such as education, and social development might cause a gradual decline in FGC/M.

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