scholarly journals Beyond Nations and Nationalities: Discussing the Variety of Migrants’ Identifications in Russian Social Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Natalia D. Tregubova ◽  
Maxim L. Nee
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Skilled Labor ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Interaction Ritual ◽  
Online Interactions ◽  
Ritual Theory ◽  
Country Specific

This article examines how transnational labor migrants to Russia from the five former Soviet Union countries – Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan – identify themselves in social media. The authors combine Rogers Brubaker's theory of identifications with Randall Collins' interaction ritual theory to study migrants' online interactions in the largest Russian social media (VK.com). They observed online interactions in 23 groups. The article illuminates how normative and policy contexts affect the Russian Federation's migration processes through a detailed discussion of migrants' everyday online interactions. Results reveal common and country-specific identifications of migrants in their online interactions. Migrants from Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan employ identifications connected to diasporic connections. Migrants from Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in their identifications refer to low-skilled labor migration to Russia as a fact, a subject for assessment, and as a unifying category. For these countries, the present and the future of the nation is discussed in the framework of evaluation of mass immigration to Russia.

Social Media Impact on Holiday Travel Planning

2013 ◽  
pp. 230-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Fotis ◽  
Dimitrios Buhalis ◽  
Nicos Rossides
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Travel Planning ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Specific Stage ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Tourism Websites

The impact of social media on the travel industry is predicted to be tremendous, especially on its holiday travel segment. Although there is a plethora of studies concentrating on the role and impact of social media in travel related decisions, most of them are medium and community specific, or focus on a specific stage of the decision making or the travel planning process. This paper presents a comprehensive view of the role and impact of social media on the travel planning process: before, during and after the trip, providing insights on usage levels, scope of use, level of influence, and trust. The study was conducted through an online structured questionnaire on a sample of 346 members of an online panel of internet users from Russia and the other Former Soviet Union (FSU) Republics who had been on holidays in the previous 12 months. Findings reveal that social media are predominantly used after holidays for experience sharing. It is also shown that there is a strong correlation between level of influence from social media and changes made to holiday plans. Moreover, it is revealed that user-generated content is more trusted than official tourism websites, travel agents, and mass media advertising.

MEDIATED INTERACTION RITUALS: A GEOGRAPHY OF EVERYDAY LIFE AND CONTENTION IN BLACK LIVES MATTER*

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-313
Author(s):  
Sander van Haperen ◽  
Justus Uitermark ◽  
Alex van der Zeeuw
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Image Recognition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Interaction Ritual ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Interaction Rituals ◽  
Ritual Theory ◽  
Different Types

The Movement for Black Lives has connected millions of people online. How are their outrage and hope mediated through social media? To address this question, this article extends Randall Collins’s Interaction Ritual Theory to social media. Employing semisupervised image recognition methods on a million Instagram posts with the hashtag #blacklivesmatter, we identify four different interaction ritual types, each with distinct geographies. Instagram posts featuring interactions with physical copresence are concentrated in urban areas. We identify two different types of such areas: arenas where contention plays out and milieus where movement identities are affirmed. Instagram posts that do not feature physical copresence are more geographically dispersed. These posts, including memes and selfies, allow people to engage with the movement even when they are not embedded in activist environments. Our analysis helps to understand how different forms of engagement are embedded in particular places and connected through the circulation of social media posts.

Social Media Impact on Holiday Travel Planning

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Fotis ◽  
Dimitrios Buhalis ◽  
Nicos Rossides
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Travel Planning ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Specific Stage ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
The Impact

The impact of social media on the travel industry is predicted to be tremendous, especially on its holiday travel segment. Although there is a plethora of studies concentrating on the role and impact of social media in travel related decisions, most of them are medium and community specific, or focus on a specific stage of the decision making or the travel planning process. This paper presents a comprehensive view of the role and impact of social media on the travel planning process: before, during and after the trip, providing insights on usage levels, scope of use, level of influence, and trust. The study was conducted through an online structured questionnaire on a sample of 346 members of an online panel of internet users from Russia and the other Former Soviet Union (FSU) Republics who had been on holidays in the previous 12 months. Findings reveal that social media are predominantly used after holidays for experience sharing. It is also shown that there is a strong correlation between level of influence from social media and changes made to holiday plans. Moreover, it is revealed that user-generated content is more trusted than official tourism websites, travel agents, and mass media advertising.

scholarly journals Ongoing challenges to understanding multidrug and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in children versus adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 2002504
Author(s):  
C. Finn McQuaid ◽  
Ted Cohen ◽  
Anna S. Dean ◽  
Rein M.G.J. Houben ◽  
Gwenan M. Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Country Specific

Previous analyses suggest children with tuberculosis (TB) are no more or no less likely to have multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) than adults. However, the availability of new data, particularly for high MDR/RR-TB burden countries, suggest updates of country-specific estimates are warranted.We used data from population-representative surveys and surveillance collected between 2000 and 2018 to compare the odds ratio (OR) of MDR/RR-TB among children (<15 years) with TB, compared to the odds of MDR/RR-TB among adults (≥15 years) with TB.In most settings (45/55 countries), and globally as a whole, there is no evidence that age is associated with odds of MDR/RR-TB. However, in some settings such as former Soviet Union countries in general, and Georgia, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan in particular, as well as Peru, MDR/RR-TB is positively associated with age ≥15. Meanwhile, in Western Europe in general, and the UK, Poland, Finland and Luxembourg in particular, MDR/RR-TB is positively associated with age <15. Sixteen countries had sufficient data to compare over time between 2000–2011 and 2012–2018, with evidence for decreases in the OR in children compared to adults in Germany, Kazakhstan and the USA.Our results support findings that in most settings a child with TB is as likely as an adult with TB to have MDR/RR-TB. However, setting-specific heterogeneity requires further investigation. Further, the OR for MDR/RR-TB in children compared to adults is generally either stable or decreasing. There are important gaps in detection, recording and reporting of drug resistance among paediatric TB cases, limiting our understanding of transmission risks and measures needed to combat the global TB epidemic.

Magnificent Centuries and Economies of Desire

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexia Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Jazz Age ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Russian Woman ◽  
Russian Speakers ◽  
History Of

This chapter traces encounters between Turks and people from the former Soviet Union, starting with a blockbuster telenovela featuring Hürrem, a passionate 16th century “Russian” woman who was in Süleyman the Magnificent’s harem, later becoming his wife. Emphasizing two periods, the 1920s “Islamic jazz age”, when hundreds of thousands of Russian speakers arrived in Istanbul as they fled the Russian Revolution, and a post-Soviet era when “Russians” are again highly visible as tourists and labor migrants, the chapter depicts a history of trade, mobility, and desire linking the former Soviet Union and Turkey. The chapter also analyzes politics of gender in a neoliberal Turkey defined by decades of secularism, a vibrant feminist movement, and a growing prevalence of Islamist ideals.

Sex, Love, and Migration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexia Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Women Migrants ◽  
Global Inequality ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Transnational Mobility ◽  
And Migration ◽  
First World

Sex, Love, and Migration: Postsocialism, Modernity, and Intimacy from Istanbul to the Arctic (SLM) examines global inequality beyond familiar discussions of exploitative relationships that divide the world between the “Third/First World” or “Global South/North”. SLM traces how women’s mobility is fundamentally reshaping their emotional worlds and social ties: with men, children, work, households of origin and destination communities. Since the early 1990s, post-Soviet women have crossed borders between the former Soviet Union and Turkey as labor migrants. Based on ethnographic fieldwork spanning over a decade primarily in Istanbul, but also in Russia and southern Moldova, SLM portrays the lives of post-Soviet migrant women often employed for years on end in three distinct spheres: sex work, the garment trade, and domestic work. It considers how they negotiate emotion, intimate relationships, and unpredictable state powers shaping their lives. SLM challenges us to reconsider assumptions about mobile women being solely defined by danger, victimization, and trafficking, and instead, turns our attention to the stories that speak to the myriad aspirations and complex lives of people engaged in transnational mobility. Above all, SLM portrays women migrants as people who foster intimate ties as they move between hubs of global capitalism and their home communities.

Social Media Users Collectively Speak Up

2017 ◽  
pp. 44-66
Author(s):  
Bahtiyar Kurambayev
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Media System ◽  
Effective Organization ◽  
Speak Up

An analysis of online community activities in the former Soviet Union Kyrgyz Republic shows that social media can facilitate an effective organization and expression of ideas in a constrained media system. Specifically, online users were able to collectively and successfully speak their minds when the country's lawmakers planned costly projects, ultimately causing these plans to be dropped. Also social media users facilitated spreading information about the abuses of power and government incompetence in the 2010 and in 2005 revolutions, causing presidents flee the country in both cases. These findings suggest that the internet can facilitate a broad and effective civic and political engagement. The implications of these findings in this media restricted context are discussed in relation to collective action theory.

The Future of International Labor Migration

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Salt
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
International Labor Migration

The article reviews the nature of international labor migration today and the economic and political rationale for its occurrence. It suggests that while the developed economies will continue to attract and exchange highly skilled labor, they will have little need for mass immigration by those with low skill levels. In contrast, poorer countries with rapid population growth and low living standards will encourage emigration, except by the highly skilled. One consequence will be more illegal immigration. Geographical patterns will continue to be dominated by a set of macroregional networks, among which the Asia-Pacific region is the most recently developed. China and the former Soviet Union (as senders) and Japan (as receiver) constitute the main enigmas.

(Re)constructing Community in Berlin: Turks, Jews, and German Responsibility

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Laurence
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
State Recognition ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The Right

An immigration dilemma has confronted the Federal Republic ofGermany since the early 1970s. Postwar labor migrants from predominantlyMuslim countries in the Mediterranean basin were notofficially encouraged to settle long-term, yet many stayed onceimmigration was halted in 1973. Though these migrants and theirchildren have enjoyed most social state benefits and the right to familyreunification, their political influence has remained limited forthe last quarter-century. Foreigners from non-EU countries may notvote in Germany, migrants are underrepresented in political institutions,and state recognition of Muslim religious and cultural diversityhas not been forthcoming. Since 1990, however, a much smaller butsignificant number of Jewish migrants from eastern Europe and theformer Soviet Union have arrived in Germany. This population ofalmost 150,000 has been welcomed at the intersection of reparationspolicy and immigrant integration practice.

What Human Capital, Which Migrants? Returned Skilled Migration to Slovakia from the UK

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan M. Williams ◽  
Vladimir Baláž
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Skilled Labor ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Professional Experiences ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Studying Abroad ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

This article contributes to the understanding of skilled labor migration by exploring some of the differences in the economic behavior of three contrasting groups of returned skilled labor migrants from Slovakia to the United Kingdom: professionals and managers; students; and au pairs. Formal professional experiences and training provide only limited understanding of the value of working/studying abroad. Instead, there is a need to look at particular competences, such as interpersonal skills and self-confidence, as well as the role of social recognition. The empirical results also emphasize the importance of spatiality and temporality when analyzing skilled labor migration.

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