scholarly journals B(ordering) Utopia in Birobidzhan: Spatial Aspects of Jewish Colonization in Inner Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Ivan Peshkov
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Population ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Cultural Contact ◽  
Inner Asia ◽  
Modern Project ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
Border Areas

The borderline territory serves a double purpose, being simultaneously zones of cultural contact and cultural barriers–administrative and often civilizational. This ambivalence frequently affects borderline area inhabitants turning them into hostages of border management regimes and outside projections concerning their cultural and civilizational status, and the authenticity of forms of their culture representation. In the case of Birobidzhan, we are dealing with an absolutely modern project of creating ethnic territoriality without reference to the historical context and far from the places of traditional settlement of the Jewish population. The implementation of this project put the Jewish settlers at the center of a complex process of border management and securitization of the border areas. The factors of border and “remoteness” are largely underestimated in Birobidzhan studies. The article fills this niche, emphasizing the spatial aspects of the implementation of the “anti-Zionist utopia” and its complex relationship with previous models of territoriality in the region and local inhabitants.

scholarly journals VOCABULARY OF FOREIGN ORIGIN: PROBLEMS OF NORM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN LITERARY LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
T. V. Gremalіuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Linguistic Evolution ◽  
Written Reflection

The article presents a multifaceted analysis of the dynamics of spelling and pronunciation of words of foreign origin in the Ukrainian literary language. The research expanded the range of knowledge about the phases of formation of the Ukrainian orthography, in particular, the part devoted to the orthography of foreign tokens and made it possible to explain the changes in the rules of spelling and pronunciation in diachrony. Linguistic and extralinguistic factors that influenced linguistic evolution are identified and the processes of normalization of borrowed vocabulary taking into account the historical context are highlighted. The views of Ukrainian linguists on the norms of spelling and pronunciation of words of foreign origin are generalized. It was stated that although there are few foreign words (approximately 10 percent), compared to other Ukrainian lexical collections, foreign words have provoked and are causing many discussions among linguists about their mastery of the Ukrainian literary language. After all, the legalization of the language norm, its written reflection and its organization in Ukraine is very difficult, which causes heterogeneity of spelling and pronunciation of words of foreign origin. Transformations in borrowed tokens over a long historical period are traced. A chronological description of all editions of the Ukrainian orthography is made and the most typical changes and establishments in the spelling and pronunciation of foreign words are systematized. It is proved that the lack of clearly formulated and formed rules for spelling borrowed words has led to variable spelling and pronunciation. After all, the phonetic system of the Ukrainian language can not fully reflect the peculiarities of the sound system of a foreign language, which indicates a complex process of stabilization of pronunciation and spelling norms of words of foreign origin in the Ukrainian literary language.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Adalyat Issiyeva
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Art Song ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Musical Representations ◽  
Unique Approach

This introductory chapter discusses the theme of this book, which is about musical representations of Russia’s Orient in nineteenth-century art song. It situates the topic within the historical context of the Russian people’s extraordinarily complex relationship and ambiguous attitude of toward their oriental neighbors. Throughout the nineteenth century there were significant fluctuations in the representations of Orientals, most of which were dictated by changes in the political atmosphere in the empire growing to the East. This chapter also touches on the scholarly debate surrounding Russia’s unique (or non-unique) approach to its colonized peoples and clarifies my usage of terms, such as Orientalism, the Orient or oriental, orientology, Asia, the East, and inorodtsy.

Deciphering Germany's Pro-Israel Consensus

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-42
Author(s):  
Leandros Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
Nazi Era ◽  
Middle East Policy

Germany's complex relationship to the issue of Palestine is often explained in terms of the country's past and its consequent affinity for Israel as the perceived homeland of Holocaust survivors. German policy decisions in the last two decades, including the sale of nuclear-capable submarines to Israel, seem to confirm this view. That notwithstanding, argues this article, Germany's Middle East policy and popular German perceptions of the conflict between Palestinians and Israelis must be placed in a more contemporary historical context of evolving political priorities. The article contends that the current political class' zealous identification with Israel is a qualitatively new phenomenon in Germany largely unrelated to moral considerations pertaining to the Nazi era. In addition to examining how this identification plays out more broadly in society, the article also attempts to locate possible fissures that could give rise to changes in official policy.

scholarly journals “Jews, Be Ottomans!” Zionism, Ottomanism, and Ottomanisation in the Hebrew-Language Press, 1890–1914

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 359-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
Jewish Populations

In recent years the study of national and civic identities in the later Ottoman period has revealed huge degrees of complexity among previously homogenised groups, none more so that the Jewish population of the Sublime State. Those Jews who moved to the Ottoman Empire from the 1880s as part of a burgeoning expression of Jewish nationalism developed a complex relationship with an Ottomanist identity that requires further consideration. Through an examination of the Hebrew-language press in Palestine, run largely by immigrant Zionist Jews, complemented by the archival records of the Ottoman state and parliament, this paper aims to show the complexities of the engagement between Ottoman and Jewish national identities. The development of Jewish nationalism by largely foreign Jews came with an increase in suspicion from the Ottoman elites, sometimes manifesting itself in outright anti-Semitism, and strong expressions of nationalism in the Hebrew press were denounced both by Ottoman and non- and anti-nationalist Jewish populations. The controversy over immigrant Jewish land purchases in Palestine from the 1890s led to a number of discussions over how far foreign Jews could and should embrace an Ottoman cultural and political identity, with cultural, labour, and political Zionists taking different positions. The issue of Ottomanisation should also be taken in the context of the post-1908 political landscape in the Ottoman Empire, with separatist nationalisms increasingly under the spotlight, and the debates among the different forms of Jewish nationalism increasingly focusing on the limits of performative and civic Ottoman nationalism.


Domingo de Salazar’s Letter to the King of Spain in Defense of the Indians and the Chinese of the Philippine Islands (1582)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Population ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Dominican Order ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Las Casas ◽  
Bartolome De Las Casas ◽  
Francisco De Vitoria ◽  
Insight Into

Domingo de Salazar (c.1512–1594) was the first bishop of the Philippines, a member of the Dominican order, and a follower of noted critics of the Spanish imperial enterprise like the jurist Francisco de Vitoria and the historian/activist Bartolomé de las Casas. In this letter to King Philip II, Salazar denounces the abuses of the indigenous population and the mistreatment of Chinese migrants by the Spanish colonists, and calls upon the crown to intervene in the colony’s affairs. In so doing, he provides invaluable insight into the work of colonization, and the complex relationship that the Spanish Philippines developed with China and with the burgeoning Chinese population of the islands themselves. Christina Lee provides biographical and historical context.

Borderization and Public Security in Argentina

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-98
Author(s):  
Alejandro Grimson ◽  
Brígida Renoldi
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
Global Threat

This chapter discusses the border areas between Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. The contemporary redefined security paradigm, which rests on a specific historical context, targets the global threat of drugs and terrorism. This chapter discusses certain events historically, in order to understand what we mean when we say security, especially public security in Argentina, and particularly at the borders. We work with the concept of “borderization,” a tool that allows us to elicit the formation of limits and differentiations, and a tool that allows us to think about spaces of security that emerge in metropolitan and geo-political nation-state borders.

Los derechos humanos de cuarta generación desde la noopolítica

2018 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Paulina Morales Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Modern Project

ResumenEl presente trabajo entrega una mirada prospectiva de los Derechos Humanos, a partir de una reflexión política de los Derechos Humanos de cuarta generación, especialmente desde la perspectiva de la noopolítica en las sociedades de control, a cuyo núcleo se arribará tras abordar dos cuestiones fundamentales: el sentido y contenidos de este nuevo conjunto de prerrogativas y la dimensión política de la tecnología. Lo anterior, teniendo como contexto histórico la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos y el reconocimiento de ciertos derechos como inherentes a la persona, es un fenómeno más bien reciente, dando cuenta de un proceso histórico ligado indisolublemente al desarrollo del proyecto moderno y la tradición liberal.Palabras clave: Noopolítica; derechos humanos de cuarta generación; Maurizio Lazzarato; tecnología.ResumoO presente trabalho entrega uma visão prospectiva dos Direitos Humanos, a partir de uma reflexão política dos Direitos Humanos de quarta geração, especialmente a partir da perspectiva da noopolítica nas sociedades de controle, cujo núcleo será alcançado após abordar duas questões fundamentais: o sentido e o conteúdo desse novo conjunto de prerrogativas e a dimensão política da tecnologia. O que antecede, tendo como contexto histórico a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos e o reconhecimento de certos direitos como inerentes à pessoa, é um fenômeno bastante recente, dando conta do processo histórico ligado indissoluvelmente ao desenvolvimento do projeto moderno e da tradiçãoliberal.Palavras-chave: Noopolítica; direitos humanos de quarta geração; Maurizio Lazzarato; tecnologiaAbstractThe present work provides a prospective view of Human Rights through a political reflection of fourth generation Human Rights, specially from the perspective of the noopolitics in control societies, whose core will be reached after addressing two fundamental issues: the meaning and contents of this new set of prerogatives and the political dimension of technology. The foregoing, having as a historical context the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the recognition of certain rights as inherent to humans is a rather recent phenomenon, given a historical process inextricably linked to the development of the modern project andthe liberal tradition.Keywords: Noopolitics, Human Rights of fourth generation, Mauricio Lazzarato, technology.

scholarly journals A Methodological Mechanism for Applying the Hermeneutical Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1 (19)) ◽  
pp. 9-29
Author(s):  
Seda Gasparyan
Keyword(s):  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Verbal Art ◽  
Verbal Creativity ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Reliable Mechanism ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Level Of Analysis

The present paper deals with one of the intricate problems of philology – the question of reading and understanding a work of verbal creativity. The paper aims at emphasizing the methodological value of the hermeneutical approach to the study of literature which comes into being due to the presence of three basic components: imagination, language as a code between the writer and the reader, and the expected ability of the reader to share the author’s emotions and thoughts. Proceeding from the basic statements of hermeneutics and Schleiermacher’s theory of hermeneutical circle in particular, as well as considering the results of our former investigations we come to the conclusion that understanding verbal art is a complex process which is achieved step by step. To provide a reliable mechanism for the application of the hermeneutical approach the investigator has to take the following steps: 1) reveal the correlation of language and speech with the help of the linguostylistic method of analysis; 2) understand the aesthetic value of the work built up due to the complex relationship of the linguistic elements and the poetics of the work, which is brought out by the linguopoetic method of analysis; 3) come up to the metametasemiotic level of analysis which, in fact, belongs to the sphere of literature studies and helps reveal the intention of the author and the idea of the work.

scholarly journals The fragile boundary between ‘education’ and ‘educationalisation’: some personal reflections on the often exaggerated educational aspirations of museums

2021 ◽  
pp. 389-419
Author(s):  
Marc Depaepe
Keyword(s):  
Educational Aspirations ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Educational Support ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Educational History ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Children And Childhood ◽  
Continuous Support ◽  
Personal Reflections

Although the origins of school museums and museums of children and childhood do not coincide directly, they nevertheless have moved into the same direction during the past decades. Especially because chil­dren are an important part of the visitors, a lot is invested by these mu­seums in educational support and activities. Pedagogical arguments form the backbone of their mission statements. A bit against the tide of this trend, I want to pay attention here to the often exaggerated educa­tional aspirations. To my mind the boundary between “education” and “educationalisation” is a fragile one and can be easily exceeded if the cultural-historical context of the museum content is ignored too much. Educating young people does not necessarily mean taking them by the hand and leading them through well-developed work packages, but is related to the more complex process of Bildung – the formation of a per­son, which usually starts, in view of attitudes and behaviour, by reflec­tion about self-identity as well as societal values and norms. In my opin­ion the encounter with well-chosen artefacts of former pedagogical mentalities and realities in museums of education, children and child­hood, can be helpful in this respect. Therefore, my plea for more cul­ture-historical contemplation and less educational strategy in represent­ing education, children and childhood is not to be understood as phasing efforts in this sector. On the contrary, the shift of emphasis from the neoliberal focus on efficiency, management, and social relevance (also in terms of a possible instrumentalization) of educational history towards more scientific, cultural-historical underpinning will need continuous support.

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