Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Adalyat Issiyeva
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Art Song ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Musical Representations ◽  
Unique Approach

This introductory chapter discusses the theme of this book, which is about musical representations of Russia’s Orient in nineteenth-century art song. It situates the topic within the historical context of the Russian people’s extraordinarily complex relationship and ambiguous attitude of toward their oriental neighbors. Throughout the nineteenth century there were significant fluctuations in the representations of Orientals, most of which were dictated by changes in the political atmosphere in the empire growing to the East. This chapter also touches on the scholarly debate surrounding Russia’s unique (or non-unique) approach to its colonized peoples and clarifies my usage of terms, such as Orientalism, the Orient or oriental, orientology, Asia, the East, and inorodtsy.

The Study of Achaemenid Egypt

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Henry P. Colburn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Egyptian History

The introductory chapter provides some historical context for the study of Achaemenid Egypt. This period in Egyptian history is an orphan of sorts, falling between the earlier periods, of great interest to Egyptologists, and the Ptolemaic and Roman periods, of great interest to classicists. Along with this lack of interest, there is also a more insidious tendency to emphasize the scarcity of evidence for this period, something Margaret Root has called the ‘politics of meagerness.’ This tendency is tied to nineteenth century orientalist views of the Persians as savage despots, a view also held by the ancient Greeks. To avoid these issues, this book focuses on the experience of Achaemenid rule. This involves two main approaches: 1.) the examination of continuities and changes in the structures of Egyptian society, and 2.) a study of identity through decisions made about material by individuals and communities.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banu Turnaoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Thinking ◽  
Intellectual Heritage ◽  
Young Turks ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Second Constitutional Period

This introductory chapter discusses the rich intellectual heritage of Turkish republican thinking and the resources through which the change from the monarchy to the Republic came about. The works of Feroz Ahmad, Bernard Lewis, Serif Mardin, Stanford Shaw, and Tarik Zafer Tunaya have acknowledged the debt of the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century reforms, the political thinking of the Young Ottomans and Young Turks, and intellectual developments in the Second Constitutional period (1908–18). These works, nevertheless, remain limited by their singular focus on Westernization as a response to external pressure, and fail to appreciate the full intellectual richness and originality of Ottoman thinkers. The chapter argues that modern-day Turkish republicanism represents the outcome of centuries of intellectual disputes between Islamic, liberal, and radical conceptions of republicanism.

The History of Local Political Power—Some Suggestions for Analysis

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Garrard
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Past ◽  
Community Power ◽  
History Of

This paper represents an attempt to analyse certain aspects of the work on ‘community power’ within a historical context. It begins with a critical review of those writers whose work has included a historical dimension, particularly R. A. Dahl. It is argued that generalizations about the location of power in the past need to go beyond the mere analysis of the background of office-holders, and the consequent search for a socioeconomic ‘élite’. Indeed, such generalizations need to be tested quite as rigorously as any that are made about the present. On the basis of research done on Salford, an attempt is made to suggest a framework for the comparative analysis of the political context within which nineteenth-century urban municipal leaders operated, and by which their power was conditioned.

scholarly journals Cidadania e Instrução no Império: uma leitura da modernidade brasileira / Citizenship and Instruction in the Empire: a reading of Brazilian modernity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Priscilla Verona
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
State Education ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Singular Characteristics

O século XIX representou no contexto histórico nacional um período de grande relevância para a compreensão das bases do projeto de Nação que se construía no Brasil imperial. Ao pensarmos a questão educacional e a institucionalização do ensino pelo Estado nos parece oportuno refletir as relações com o processo de construção da cidadania, a qual se formula com características singulares e particularmente ligadas ao nosso contexto histórico e político. Cabe analisar de que forma a instrução consolidou-se por sua vez, assumindo assim como nossa cidadania, suas singularidades. Mantivemo-nos durante o século XIX em sintonia com o tempo histórico que acentua a consolidação dos Estados modernos, tempo que caracterizou os cenários políticos de diversos países, inclusive do Brasil império.* * *The XIX century represented in the national historical context a period of great relevance for the understanding of the bases of the project of Nation that was constructed in imperial Brazil. When thinking about the educational question and the institutionalization of state education, it seems appropriate to reflect the relationship with the process of citizenship construction, which is formulated with singular characteristics and particularly linked to our historical and political context. It is necessary to analyze how the education consolidated itself in its turn, assuming as our citizenship, its singularities. We kept up during the nineteenth century in tune with historical time that accentuated the consolidation of modern states, a time that characterized the political scenarios of various countries, including Brazil empire.

From Toleration to Liberty

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kselman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Religious Liberty ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
The Political ◽  
History Of ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Broad Overview

This chapter offers a broad overview of the history of religious liberty in France from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century. Early in this period philosophers such as Montaigne, Bayle, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Constant moved from an understanding of religious liberty as a collective right designed to protect minority religious communities to an increased sensitivity to the right of individuals to make personal religious choices. The chapter situates Article Ten of the Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789), which established religious liberty as a fundamental right, within this historical context. It concludes with an examination of the political theory and constitutional structures of Restoration France that created the space for individuals to realize the right announced in Article Ten.

The Literariness of Graphic Satire

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-39
Author(s):  
David Francis Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Dense Networks ◽  
Formal Equivalence ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
Graphic Satire ◽  
Cultural Texts ◽  
Single Sheet

This introductory chapter discusses the literariness of graphic satire. First applied to visual satire in the mid-nineteenth century, the term graphic satire problematically implies a straightforward formal equivalence between the modern editorial cartoon and the political caricature of the Georgian period, which was published and disseminated as a single-sheet etching. However, the fallacy that such images yield their meaning directly and near instantaneously is an old one. To speak of the literariness of caricature is to recognize and attend to its syntactical and narrative structures: structures that are themselves constituted through the enmeshing of images and words; the appropriation and parody of literary scenes and tropes; and often-dense networks of allusions to other cultural texts, practices, and traditions. It is also necessary to acknowledge that a print's meaning and sociopolitical orientation comes into focus only when seen in relation to the cultural constellation of which it was a vital and highly self-conscious constituent.

Leone de' Sommi and Jewish Theatre in Renaissance Mantua

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Donald Beecher
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Social Negotiations ◽  
Renaissance Artist ◽  
The Way

This is a study of a Renaissance artist and his patrons, but with an added complication, insofar as Leone de' Sommi, the gifted academician and playwright in the employ of the dukes of Mantua in the second half of the sixteenth century, was Jewish and a lifelong promoter and protector of his community. The article deals with the complex relationship between the court and the Jewish "università" concerning the drama and the way in which dramatic performances also became part of the political, judicial and social negotiations between the two parties, as well as a study of Leone's role as playwright and negotiator during a period that was arguably one of the best of times for the Jews of Mantua.

Virginia Woolf and Being-in-the-world

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Simone
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cartesian Dualism ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Existential Perspective

Virginia Woolf and Being-in-the-world: A Heideggerian Study explores Woolf’s treatment of the relationship between self and world from a phenomenological-existential perspective. This study presents a timely and compelling interpretation of Virginia Woolf’s textual treatment of the relationship between self and world from the perspective of the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. Drawing on Woolf’s novels, essays, reviews, letters, diary entries, short stories, and memoirs, the book explores the political and the ontological, as the individual’s connection to the world comes to be defined by an involvement and engagement that is always already situated within a particular physical, societal, and historical context. Emma Simone argues that at the heart of what it means to be an individual making his or her way in the world, the perspectives of Woolf and Heidegger are founded upon certain shared concerns, including the sustained critique of Cartesian dualism, particularly the resultant binary oppositions of subject and object, and self and Other; the understanding that the individual is a temporal being; an emphasis upon intersubjective relations insofar as Being-in-the-world is defined by Being-with-Others; and a consistent emphasis upon average everydayness as both determinative and representative of the individual’s relationship to and with the world.

Capital californiano, necesidad presupuestal y cambio político: Juan Temple y el arrendamiento de la Casa de Moneda de México, 1827–1857

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-351
Author(s):  
Omar Velasco Herrera
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Las Casas ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The Government

Durante la primera mitad del siglo xix, las necesidades presupuestales del erario mexicano obligaron al gobierno a recurrir al endeudamiento y al arrendamiento de algunas de las casas de moneda más importantes del país. Este artículo examina las condiciones políticas y económicas que hicieron posible el relevo del capital británico por el estadounidense—en estricto sentido, californiano—como arrendatario de la Casa de Moneda de México en 1857. Asimismo, explora el desarrollo empresarial de Juan Temple para explicar la coyuntura política que hizo posible su llegada, y la de sus descendientes, a la administración de la ceca de la capital mexicana. During the first half of the nineteenth century, the budgetary needs of the Mexican treasury forced the government to resort to borrowing and leasing some of the most important mints in the country. This article examines the political and economic conditions that allowed for the replacement of British capital by United States capital—specifically, Californian—as the lessee of the Mexican National Mint in 1857. It also explores the development of Juan Temple’s entrepreneurship to explain the political circumstances that facilitated his admission, and that of his descendants, into the administration of the National Mint in Mexico City.

A.I. Solzhenitsyn Apropos of Russia’s Future: Specific Outlook Features Depending on Different Historical Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
Inga V. Zheltikova ◽  
Elena I. Khokhlova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pessimistic Attitude ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Images Of The Future ◽  
The Church

The article considers the dependence of the images of future on the socio-cultural context of their formation. Comparison of the images of the future found in A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s works of various years reveals his generally pessimistic attitude to the future in the situation of social stability and moderate optimism in times of society destabilization. At the same time, the author's images of the future both in the seventies and the nineties of the last century demonstrate the mismatch of social expectations and reality that was generally typical for the images of the future. According to the authors of the present article, Solzhenitsyn’s ideas that the revival of spirituality could serve as the basis for the development of economy, that the influence of the Church on the process of socio-economic development would grow, and that the political situation strongly depends on the personal qualities of the leader, are unjustified. Nevertheless, such ideas are still present in many images of the future of Russia, including contemporary ones.

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