scholarly journals Chigirin Freethinkers in Search of the Peasant Truth

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Maul
Keyword(s):  
Later Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
Agrarian Reforms ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Religious Teaching ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire

This article examines one of the most important events in the lives of S. Shutenko and F. Chepurnoy, two ordinary peasants of Chigirin uyezd, Kiev province, in the nineteenth century. The Chigirin freethinkers’ drama was connected with peasant unrest in left-bank Ukraine between the 1870s and 1880s. A number of comprehensive works have turned to their biographies (B. G. Litval and D. P. Poida). In this article, the peasants’ views are analysed through the prism of their tragic lives and dreams about the peasant truth, which resulted in their exile to Siberia. They served their first exile together in Yenisei province from 1882 to 1887. Chepurny served another exile in Irkutsk province from 1895 to 1900. There is little information about Shutenko’s later life. The research refers to unpublished archival documents from the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the state archives of Irkutsk, Tomsk and Krasnoyarsk. The author mostly focuses on judicial and investigation materials, as well as official correspondence between different state bodies. Also, the author refers to the memoirs of such revolutionaries as L. G. Deutsch and V. D. Debogory-Mokriyevich, both of whom were involved in peasant unrest in Chigirin. The reason for peasant unrest was discontent with the agrarian reforms in former state properties in right-bank Ukraine. Peasants perceived the agrarian reforms through the prism of their traditional worldview. They did not doubt the good intentions of the tsar, who granted the true peasant will. They treated the content of the agrarian reforms as treason on the part of officials and landowners, who they blamed for distorting the tsar’s will. The intentions themselves seemed to comply with peasants’ interests. As a result of peasant unrest, the religious teaching of Stundism gained in popularity. The article demonstrates how Stundism significantly influenced peasant estimation of agrarian changes on state properties in the southwestern part of the Russian Empire. The author concludes that Shutenko and Chepurnoy’s tragic destinies may be viewed as a result of peasant unrest in the post-reform Ukrainian village.

scholarly journals Unknown pages from Maria Kantakuzino’s biography

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Victor Tvircun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Political ◽  
Biographical Data ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire

Thе present publication is the first in historiography to highlight the unknown pages from the biography of Maria Andreevna Kantakuzino, wife of Foma (Toma) Kantakuzino, Major General of the Russian Army, an associate of Peter the Great. The research is based on documents discovered by the author in the State archives of the Russian Federation. The hallmark of this article is the fact, that the biographical data of Maria Cantacuzino are disclosed in the context of the political events of the 1st quarter of the 18th century, as well as her personal ties and correspondence with statesmen of the Russian Empire, the author reflects the issue of the financial situation of the countess in Russia. At the same time, the publication sheds light on the previously unknown biographical data of Maria Cantacuzino – the time and conditions of her arrival in Russia, the place of residence, as well as the date of her death. This publication, on the basis of archival documents discovered and introduced into scientific circulation, makes it possible to show the property status and possessions of the Cantacuzino family in Russia in the first half of the 18th century, as well as their fate after the death of the owners.

scholarly journals Obedience to the law – more than bondage: Grand Duchy of Finland in Confrontation with the Russian Empire

2021 ◽  
pp. 421-427
Author(s):  
С.А. Экштут
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time ◽  
Grand Duchy

Рецензия на сборник документов «Россия и независимость Финляндии: 1899–1920 гг.» (М.: «Политическая энциклопедия», 2021). В трех томах опубликовано 1358 документов (более 42% предстают перед читателем впервые) из ГА РФ, РГИА, РГАСПИ, РГАЭ, РГАВМФ, РГВА, из архивов МИДа ‒ АВПРИ и АВП РФ, Архива Президента Российской Федерации и Национального архива Финляндии. The article presents f review of the collection of documents "Russia and the independence of Finland: 1899-1920." (Moscow: "Political Encyclopedia", 2021). In three volumes, 1358 documents were published (more than 42% appear before the reader for the first time) from the State Archives of the Russian Federation, RGIA, RGASPI, RGAE, RGAVMF, RGVA, from the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs - AVPRI and AVP RF, Archive of the President of the Russian Federation and the National Archives of Finland.

THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF COLLECTING THE DOCUMENTARY HERITAGE AND CREATING THE STATE ARCHIVAL FUND OF THE USSR IN 1917–1930S

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-99
Author(s):  
Nina I. Khimina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
The State ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
History Of Collecting ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Effective Use

The article examines the history of collecting documentary and cultural heritage since 1917 and the participation of archives, museums and libraries in the creation of the Archival Fund of the country. In the 1920s and 1930s, archival institutions were established through the efforts of outstanding representatives of Russian culture. At the same period, the structure and activities of the museums created earlier in the Russian state in the 18th – 19th centuries were improved. The new museums that had been opened in various regions of Russia received rescued archival funds, collections and occasional papers. It is shown that during this period there was a discussion about the differentiation of the concepts of an “archive”, “library” and a “museum”. The present work reveals the difficulties in the interaction between museums, libraries and archives in the process of saving the cultural heritage of the state and arranging archival documents; the article also discusses the problems and complications in the formation of the State Archival Fund of the USSR. During this period, the development of normative and methodological documents regulating the main areas of work on the description and registration of records received by state repositories contributed to a more efficient use and publication of the documents stored in the state archives. It is noted that museums and libraries had problems connected with the description of the archival documents accepted for storage, with record keeping and the creation of the finding aids for them, as well as with the possibilities of effective use of the papers. The documents of the manuscript departments of museums and libraries have become part of the unified archival heritage of Russia and, together with the state archives, they now provide information resources for conducting various kinds of historical research.

scholarly journals ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ И СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ОРЕНБУРГСКОГО ИНСТИТУТА НАРОДНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В 1919-1921 гг.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
S.V. Lyubichankovskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
State Archives

On the basis of archival documents extracted from the funds of the State Archives of the Orenburg Region, the article reconstructs the process of organizing a new higher educational institution of pedagogical profi le in Orenburg - the Institute of Public Education. The fi rst stage of its development (1919-1921), associated with the formation of this educational institution, the creation of its material base, the formation of the staff and the structure of the educational process, is considered.

scholarly journals BIOGRAPHY OF SURGEON B. I. FUKS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SOVIET ERA HISTORY

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Genina ◽  
B. B. Fuks
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Advanced Training ◽  
State University ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Archives

The authors of this article aimed at reconstructing the biography of B. I. Fuks in the context of the history of the Soviet era and its most important events. Boris Ilyich (Ber Eljich) Fuks (1897–1973) was a Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, a surgeon, the founder of Novokuznetsk Surgical School. His scientific and pedagogical activity was primarily connected with the Tomsk State University and the State Institute for Advanced Training of Doctors, consistently located in Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Stalinsk (Novokuznetsk). The research is based on the documents found in the State Archives of the Russian Federation, the State Archives of Tomsk Region, the State Archives of Kemerovo Region, the State Archives of Kemerovo Region in Novokuznetsk, and the Archives of Novokuznetsk State Institute for Advanced Training of Doctors, and some publications in the central and local periodicals. The documents from the personal archive and memoirs of B. B. Fuks, the son of B. I. Fuks (Boston, USA), made up a separate important set of sources.

scholarly journals POLITICAL POLICE OF KOSTROMA PROVINCE AND ITS CADRE PERSONNEL IN 1826–1867

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Gennadiy G. Bril’ ◽  
Leonid N. Zaytsev
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Order ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Third ◽  
Successful Career ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article examines the process of origin and formation of the political police of Kostroma Province in the mid-19th century. Special attention is paid to the issue of its staffi ng and the wide use of army offi cers for service in the political police. The chronological framework covers a little-studied period of activity of the political police in Kostroma Province. The authors of the article note that the Highest orders of military ranks that had a special place in the appointment of the headquarters and chief offi cers of the political police. On the basis of archival materials, the main directions of service activities of the highest ranks of the political police in the region are analysed. The article reveals the contribution of the gendarmes’ Corps chiefs to the protection of public order during the period under review. The author reveals the attitude of the authorities to literacy among the lower ranks of the gendarmerie. On the basis of historical and archival documents, it is concluded that the successful career of offi cers was promoted by conscientious performance of their offi cial duties, their «excellent-diligent and zealous service». It is concluded that special attention was paid to discipline among the gendarmes. The political police were independent of other branches of government, and were subordinate only to the headquarters of the gendarmes’ corps and the third division of His Imperial Majesty’s own offi ce. Gaps in the historical and legal coverage of the work of the state security Agency in the province of the Russian Empire at the fi rst stage of its existence are fi lled.

“...LOCOMOTIVES WILL FREEZE, FAMINE IS COMING, AND THERE ARE CASES OF TYPHUS...”. RAILWAYS OF THE GREAT SIBERIAN CAMPAIGN 1919–1920

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
Vasily Zh. Tsvetkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
The State ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Eastern Front ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Military

The publication of documentary materials reflects the history of the organization and conducting of the retreat of the units of Admiral A.V. Kolchak’s Eastern Front and the evacuation of civilian refugees from Omsk and other cities in Siberia in November 1919 – January 1920. The article considers the issues of the technical condition and operation of the TRANSSiberian railway and, in particular, the functioning of the rolling stock. Those aspects for the history of the Civil War in the East of Russia to this day remain poorly studied. Evidence is provided on the state of the military, refugee and civil trains, and about the situation of passengers. Consistently and with the involvement of documentary material, the stages of the preparation and implementation of evacuation measures are described, and the reasons for the failure of planned decisions are analyzed. The article presents evidence on the consequences of full-scale disaster with the railway accident that became part of the Civil War history in Siberia. The materials from the State Archives of the Russian Federation that have not been widely used in scientific research and have not been published yet, as well as some previously published documentary evidence, were used. The study of that aspect of the Civil War history in Siberia allows to get an idea of not only the military, but also of the political importance that the TRANS-Siberian railway played in the absence of developed transport communications in the East of Russia.

scholarly journals “Carbonarists in the Tsar’s guard!”: Uprising of December 14, 1825 in the European Press: Documents from the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire and the State Archive of Turin

2020 ◽  
pp. 602-614
Author(s):  
Rafael A. Arslanov ◽  
◽  
Elena V. Linkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
European Public ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article studies perception of the uprising of December 14, 1825 in the Western European public opinion as reflected in the press. The source base of the study consists of archival (including previously unpublished) documents found by the authors while working in the State Archive of Turin, and also of the considerable fond 11 “Foreign newspapers,” stored in the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire. The authors investigate and summarize assessments of the Decembrists’ uprising that appeared in the European press in late 1825 – early 1826 and identify the origin of the newspaper information. Working with archival documents, the authors have used a number of methods that are typical for both historical research (retrospective, analytical, comparative methods) and source studies (heuristic, textual, and hermeneutic methods). These methods allow the authors not only to analyze the documents and determine their epistemological value, but also to comprehend their content in historical context. The article concludes that the European public opinion not just showed interest in the events in St. Petersburg, but also tried to analyze them, to identify their sources and their consequences for Russia and Europe. There were two trends in the coverage of the Decembrist uprising. Firstly, publicists repeated the information received through official channels. Secondly, journalists were inclined to believe that the revolutionary tendencies that emerged in the Russian army after the Napoleonic wars were characteristic of all European countries. The accumulated scientific material allows the authors to come to certain conclusions that are valuable for studying not just the uprising on the Senate square on December 14, 1825, but also mechanisms of formation of the image of Russia on the international arena.

New Facts on the History of the Russian America (Based of the Russian Archival Documents)

2009 ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Ivan B. Mironov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
State Library

The refusal of Russia from its territory in Alaska is presented to this day as a goodwill gesture for the peace and consent with USA. The fragments of the documents stored in the archive of foreign policy of the Russian Empire, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, in the Russian State Historical Archive, in the State Archive of the Russian Federation, in the research department of manuscripts of the Russian State Library, reveal the true reasons for the taken decisions. New facts for scientific use and previously unknown documents are introduced.

Monitoring Law Enforcement in Archival Legislation for Legal Loop-Holes: A Case-Study of the Activities of the Archival Agency of the Kurgan Region

2018 ◽  
pp. 146-154
Author(s):  
Aleksandr I. Kulinich ◽  
◽  
Evgeniy I. Sorogin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Government Agency ◽  
State Control ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Primary Activity ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
State Archives

The authors study legal loop-holes in the archival legislation. As it is impossible to analyze the whole of archival legislation, including regional laws and regulations of all subjects of Russia, the article focuses on the Federal law. It draws on practices of the Archival Agency of the Kurgan Region and addresses practical concerns. It analyzes inconsistencies and legal loop-holes in implementation of following three laws: the Federal law of October 22, 2004 no. 125-FZ ‘On archiving in the Russian Federation,’ the Federal law of 26 December, 2008 no. 294-FZ ‘On protection of rights of legal persons and self-employed entrepreneurs in the exercise of state control (supervision) and municipal control,’ and the Federal law of April 5, 2013 no. 44-FZ ‘On contract systems in the sphere of procurement of goods, works and services for provisioning governmental and municipal needs.’ The study has identified the following legal loop-holes and inconsistencies: (1) There is a legal loop-hole in implementation of the control function. No clear demarcation of jurisdictions of the Russian Federation and those of the subjects of the Russian Federation is provided in Federal laws no. 294-FZ and no. 125-FZ; (2) There is a contradiction between Federal laws no. 125-FZ and no. 44-FZ. In case of winding-up of a state procurement agency and transferring its powers to a government agency, documents on primary activity are to be filed in a state archive and also to remain in the new government agency; (3) Lack of uniform and federally approved methodology for division of ownership of archival documents between municipalities and subjects of the Russian Federation result in similar documents falling under different forms of ownership in different regions; (4) Lack of regulatory framework in acquisition and transfer of e-documents to state archives hinders introduction of a full-featured e-document interchange between state authorities. The authors contend that these legal loop-holes and inconsistencies should be corrected.

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