scholarly journals Unknown pages from Maria Kantakuzino’s biography

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Victor Tvircun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Political ◽  
Biographical Data ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire

Thе present publication is the first in historiography to highlight the unknown pages from the biography of Maria Andreevna Kantakuzino, wife of Foma (Toma) Kantakuzino, Major General of the Russian Army, an associate of Peter the Great. The research is based on documents discovered by the author in the State archives of the Russian Federation. The hallmark of this article is the fact, that the biographical data of Maria Cantacuzino are disclosed in the context of the political events of the 1st quarter of the 18th century, as well as her personal ties and correspondence with statesmen of the Russian Empire, the author reflects the issue of the financial situation of the countess in Russia. At the same time, the publication sheds light on the previously unknown biographical data of Maria Cantacuzino – the time and conditions of her arrival in Russia, the place of residence, as well as the date of her death. This publication, on the basis of archival documents discovered and introduced into scientific circulation, makes it possible to show the property status and possessions of the Cantacuzino family in Russia in the first half of the 18th century, as well as their fate after the death of the owners.

scholarly journals POLITICAL POLICE OF KOSTROMA PROVINCE AND ITS CADRE PERSONNEL IN 1826–1867

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Gennadiy G. Bril’ ◽  
Leonid N. Zaytsev
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Order ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Third ◽  
Successful Career ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article examines the process of origin and formation of the political police of Kostroma Province in the mid-19th century. Special attention is paid to the issue of its staffi ng and the wide use of army offi cers for service in the political police. The chronological framework covers a little-studied period of activity of the political police in Kostroma Province. The authors of the article note that the Highest orders of military ranks that had a special place in the appointment of the headquarters and chief offi cers of the political police. On the basis of archival materials, the main directions of service activities of the highest ranks of the political police in the region are analysed. The article reveals the contribution of the gendarmes’ Corps chiefs to the protection of public order during the period under review. The author reveals the attitude of the authorities to literacy among the lower ranks of the gendarmerie. On the basis of historical and archival documents, it is concluded that the successful career of offi cers was promoted by conscientious performance of their offi cial duties, their «excellent-diligent and zealous service». It is concluded that special attention was paid to discipline among the gendarmes. The political police were independent of other branches of government, and were subordinate only to the headquarters of the gendarmes’ corps and the third division of His Imperial Majesty’s own offi ce. Gaps in the historical and legal coverage of the work of the state security Agency in the province of the Russian Empire at the fi rst stage of its existence are fi lled.

scholarly journals Obedience to the law – more than bondage: Grand Duchy of Finland in Confrontation with the Russian Empire

2021 ◽  
pp. 421-427
Author(s):  
С.А. Экштут
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time ◽  
Grand Duchy

Рецензия на сборник документов «Россия и независимость Финляндии: 1899–1920 гг.» (М.: «Политическая энциклопедия», 2021). В трех томах опубликовано 1358 документов (более 42% предстают перед читателем впервые) из ГА РФ, РГИА, РГАСПИ, РГАЭ, РГАВМФ, РГВА, из архивов МИДа ‒ АВПРИ и АВП РФ, Архива Президента Российской Федерации и Национального архива Финляндии. The article presents f review of the collection of documents "Russia and the independence of Finland: 1899-1920." (Moscow: "Political Encyclopedia", 2021). In three volumes, 1358 documents were published (more than 42% appear before the reader for the first time) from the State Archives of the Russian Federation, RGIA, RGASPI, RGAE, RGAVMF, RGVA, from the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs - AVPRI and AVP RF, Archive of the President of the Russian Federation and the National Archives of Finland.

scholarly journals Disciplinary Responsibility of Civil Servants of the Russian Empire

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
E. L. Leshchina
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Disciplinary Power ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Disciplinary Process ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Judicial Procedure

The paper is devoted to examining legal, factual and procedural grounds of disciplinary responsibility of civil servants in the Russian Empire on the basis of the Statutes of Civil Service, Regulations on Punishments in Criminal and Correctional Proceedings, the Statute of Criminal Proceedings. The author defines the concept of official misconduct (malfeasance in office), the legislatively established list of disciplinary offences and relevant measures of influence, their substantive characteristics, the peculiarities of simple (extrajudicial) and judicial procedure of proceedings in disciplinary cases initiated against civil servants of administrative departments. The analysis made it possible to draw a conclusion about the existence in the second half of the 18th century in the system of the Russian public service of a disciplinary process that has all the features of the legal process and a procedural form of criminal proceedings. The use of disciplinary sanctions was subject to certain rules that protected subordinates from arbitrary use of disciplinary power by their principals. The most stringent forms of disciplinary sanctions involving dismissal from service could only be applied by the court. A number of provisions existing at the time can be used to improve the legal basis of the proceedings in disciplinary cases of civil servants of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Chigirin Freethinkers in Search of the Peasant Truth

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Maul
Keyword(s):  
Later Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
Agrarian Reforms ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Religious Teaching ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire

This article examines one of the most important events in the lives of S. Shutenko and F. Chepurnoy, two ordinary peasants of Chigirin uyezd, Kiev province, in the nineteenth century. The Chigirin freethinkers’ drama was connected with peasant unrest in left-bank Ukraine between the 1870s and 1880s. A number of comprehensive works have turned to their biographies (B. G. Litval and D. P. Poida). In this article, the peasants’ views are analysed through the prism of their tragic lives and dreams about the peasant truth, which resulted in their exile to Siberia. They served their first exile together in Yenisei province from 1882 to 1887. Chepurny served another exile in Irkutsk province from 1895 to 1900. There is little information about Shutenko’s later life. The research refers to unpublished archival documents from the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the state archives of Irkutsk, Tomsk and Krasnoyarsk. The author mostly focuses on judicial and investigation materials, as well as official correspondence between different state bodies. Also, the author refers to the memoirs of such revolutionaries as L. G. Deutsch and V. D. Debogory-Mokriyevich, both of whom were involved in peasant unrest in Chigirin. The reason for peasant unrest was discontent with the agrarian reforms in former state properties in right-bank Ukraine. Peasants perceived the agrarian reforms through the prism of their traditional worldview. They did not doubt the good intentions of the tsar, who granted the true peasant will. They treated the content of the agrarian reforms as treason on the part of officials and landowners, who they blamed for distorting the tsar’s will. The intentions themselves seemed to comply with peasants’ interests. As a result of peasant unrest, the religious teaching of Stundism gained in popularity. The article demonstrates how Stundism significantly influenced peasant estimation of agrarian changes on state properties in the southwestern part of the Russian Empire. The author concludes that Shutenko and Chepurnoy’s tragic destinies may be viewed as a result of peasant unrest in the post-reform Ukrainian village.

The Political Geography of Judaism in Late Imperial Kiev

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 858-870
Author(s):  
Natan Meir
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Life ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire

This article explores the institutional religious life of the Jews of late imperial Kiev. Jewish residence in Kiev was restricted by the state, and Jewish life was governed by a complex web of government regulations. Drawing on archival documents such as petitions submitted to the government by groups of working-class Kiev Jews, the author’s research investigates the strategies that Jews employed to establish synagogues and other religious institutions and the various challenges that they faced in doing so. It also places this history within the larger context of organized religion in the Russian Empire by drawing comparisons to parallel phenomena among various Christian denominations in the empire.

scholarly journals Thorny Way to the East: Expedition to China of Adviser to the Chancellery V. F. Bratishchev in 1757

2021 ◽  
pp. 290-303
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Blagoder
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Russian Empire

The facts testifying to the intention of the Russian Empire in the middle of the 18th century to establish equal mutually beneficial relations with China is present-ed in the article. Fragments of archival documents (decrees, memoranda, instructions, reports, etc.) about the expedition of the courier V. F. Bratishchev are given. The main attention is paid to the analysis of documents, which provide descriptions of the long preparation of the diplomatic vis-it, negotiations of V. F. Bratishchev with Qing officials in China. The degree of informativeness of documentary sources is assessed. The documents demonstrate the serious intention of the Russian administration to resolve political and economic issues through negotiations that would allow the Russian Empire to strengthen its position in the Far East. The article notes the principles of functioning of the administrative system of the Russian Empire in the middle of the 18th century. The author of this article considers the diplomatic visit of V. F. Bratishchev to be an example of the clash between the principles of Eurocentrism, which were actively gaining positions in the policy of the Russian ruling elite, and the ideas of the inhabitants of the Middle Empire about the superiority of their own civilization, surrounded by barbarians. Studying this historical event and taking into account the diplomatic mistakes made are relevant both for historical science and modern political interstate interaction.

Revolution and Emotions: Toward a Reinterpretation of the Political Events of 1914–1917

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 196-230
Author(s):  
Vladimir Prokhorovich Buldakov
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
The Political ◽  
Literary Journalism ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

V.P. Buldakov explores the emotional overheating in the Russian Empire, but also of the entire European cultural milieu during the era of Great War, Revolution, Civil War and beyond. Exploring a wide range of sources, archival, philosophical, literary, journalism, epistolary, memoirs and diaries, he calls for a new (socio)-psychological history of the Russian Revolution that integrates the irrational, the energy of negation, impulsiveness, atavisms and aggression and the importance of myth and rumor- in other words the full panoply of the emotions as manifested in social movements and politics.

scholarly journals The Fortress of the Holy Cross: Foundation and Construction (1722–1735)

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
M.-P. B. Abdusalamov ◽  
N. D. Chekulayev
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
The Russian Empire

The current research is based on archival documents and works by domestic specialists in Caucasian studies. It features the foundation and construction of the Fortress of the Sacred Cross. Its history began during the famous Persian, or Caspian, Campaign of Peter the Great (1722–1723). As a result, the Caspian provinces of Iranand the entire Seaside Dagestan entered the Russian Empire. To protect the new territories, a system of military fortifications was built. The Fortress of the Holy Cross was founded by Peter the Great in September, 1722, inthe estuary of the SulakRiver. It gradually became one of the economic, administrative and political centers of the Caucasus.Owing to its strategic location, the Fortress of the Holy Cross played an important historical role in the Caucasian policy ofRussia: it wasRussia’s pillar of support in the region and shielded the southern boundaries of the Empire. The article focuses on the history of the garrison, which has long remained understudied by domestic historiographers. Some Russian researches devoted to the Caucasian policy in general mention the political and economic role of the Fortress. However, there have been no separate studies devoted to the history of the Fortress – a lacuna the authors of the article attempt to bridge.

scholarly journals THE DRAFT PROVISIONS OF THE PENAL PRISONS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
M. . Artemenkov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
General Context ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Work Education ◽  
Xix Century

The article analyzes in detail the issues of the formation and development of the penitentiary legislation of the Russian Empire during the Great Reforms of Alexander II. The author notes that changes in the field of execution of punishments were an integral part of the changes that took place in the country, had their historical substantiation and should be considered in the general context of liberal changes of the second half of the XIX century. The formation of new economic relations, changes in the social structure of society, the emergence of new political practices made it necessary to liberalize the penitentiary sphere. New legal theories associated with understanding the purposes, purpose and execution of punishments, became the basis for the transformation in European countries, including the Russian Empire. The main form of punishment is imprisonment, which was the result of changing the purpose of punishment. It is the correction of the person who committed the crime, through work, education and upbringing. The article analyzes the practice of preparing normative and legal acts related to the study of foreign experience, the organization of experimental places of detention, the discussion of the provisions of the draft of the Regulations on Correctional Prisons in the Russian Empire in various commissions. The prepared draft law, in spite of certain shortcomings, was progressive and corresponded to the tasks that faced the system of execution of punishment. Thus, the article concludes that the ongoing reforms were progressive, an assessment was made on the issues of discussion. When writing a scientific work the author used the materials of the State Archives of the Russian Federation, as well as scientific literature of both domestic and foreign authors.

Orthodox arrangement of the Pochaiv Lavra in the second third of the XIX century.

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-41
Author(s):  
Ella Volodymyrivna Bystrytska
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Political Motivation ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

Abstract: A series of imperial decrees of the 1820s ordering the establishment of a Greco-Uniate Theological Collegium and appropriate consistories contributed to the spread of the autocratic synodal system of government and the establishment of control over Greek Uniate church institutions in the annexed territories of Right-Bank Ukraine. As a result, the Greco-Uniate Church was put on hold in favor of the government's favorable grounds for the rapid localization of its activities. Basilian accusations of supporting the Polish November Uprising of 1830-1831 made it possible to liquidate the OSBM and most monasteries. The transfer of the Pochaiv Monastery to the ownership of the Orthodox clergy in 1831 was a milestone in the liquidation of the Greco-Uniate Church and the establishment of a Russian-style Orthodox mono-confessionalism. On the basis of archival documents, the political motivation of the emperor's decree to confiscate the Pochayiv Monastery from the Basilians with all its property and capital was confirmed. The transfer to the category of monasteries of the 1st class and the granting of the status of a lavra indicated its special role in strengthening the position of the autocracy in the western region of the Russian Empire. The orders of the Holy Synod outline the key tasks of ensuring the viability of the Lavra as an Orthodox religious center: the introduction of continuous worship, strengthening the personal composition of the population, delimitation of spiritual responsibilities, clarifying the affiliation of the printing house. However, maintaining the rhythm of worship and financial and economic activities established by the Basilians proved to be a difficult task, the solution of which required ten years of hard work. In order to make quick changes in the monastery, decisions were made by the emperor and senior government officials, and government agencies were involved at the local level, which required the coordination of actions of all parties to the process.

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