scholarly journals Wrangel Island Toponymy Motivated by Zoology Vocabulary

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Yuri S. Kostylev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Wrangel Island ◽  
Island State ◽  
State Nature Reserve ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Place Naming ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Animal World

The paper deals with the names of geographical objects of Wrangel Island motivated by zoology vocabulary. These lexical units may refer to various species and groups of animals, characteristic features of their appearance and behavior, or include notions and terms of material culture related to hunting, animal breeding, and nature conservation. The study builds on specialized toponymic guides, memoirs and essays, cartographic materials, as well as materials of an interview with the deputy director for environmental protection of the Wrangel Island State Nature Reserve, G. Fedorov. An analysis of the selected material allows us to trace several phases of the island’s development over the rather short (about 150 years) history of its exploration, captured in toponymy as a major element of spiritual culture. Interestingly enough, a relatively large number (19%) of toponyms are motivated by zoology vocabulary, which is explained by the importance of the animal world for Wrangel Island. Moreover, the choice of specific vocabulary from this sphere is associated with the nature of human activity on the island. The island history falls into three periods, each having specific source vocabulary for place naming: 1) discovery and initial inspection of the territory; 2) hunting and fishing development; 3) reserve foundation and environmental activities. The distributional prevalence of motivating tokens speaks not only of the time the name was created or of the nominator’s occupation but also points to the objective features of the island’s animal world and the diversity of its fauna. The analysis of the presented data leads to conclude that toponymy serves both as an illustration and as a direct source of unique historical information related to specific parts of the studied area.

scholarly journals THE FOURTH BASTION OF SEVASTOPOL: ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERY OF 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
В. Л. Мыц ◽  
С. Л. Соловьев ◽  
А. Ф. Покровская ◽  
Н. Ф. Соловьева
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Adaptive Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

В 2018-2019 гг. основным объектом исследований Севастопольской экспедиции ИИМК РАН стали оборонительные сооружения, расположенные на Историческом бульваре г. Севастополя. Археологические раскопки Четвертого бастиона позволили проследить историю его строительства. Впервые были получены достоверные данные о местоположении, характере и конструкции основных элементов фортификации правого фланга 4-го бастиона: валганга, горжи, эскарпа и контрэскарпа. Открыты орудийные дворики, части бруствера с орудийными амбразурами, вспомогательные площадки для размещения боеприпасов, погреба для хранения пороха и бомб, блиндажи для личного состава. Во рву обнаружены вырубленные в скале навесы-убежища и 14 входов в контрминные галереи, потайной ход для скрытного перемещения войск. В ходе раскопок собрана представительная археологическая коллекция предметов войны и быта защитников бастиона и их противников, достойная пополнить экспозиции музеев Севастополя, посвященных его обороне в годы Крымской войны. В 2019 г. специалистами ИИМК РАН и Эрмитажа разработана и представлена в Министерство культуры РФ концепция музеефикации и приспособления для современного использования выявленных сооружений в районе правого фаса 4-го бастиона на Мемориальном комплексе памятников обороны города в 1854-1855 гг. «Исторический бульвар» (г. Севастополь). In 2018-2019 defensive fortifications located in the Istoricheskiy (Historical) Boulevard of Sevastopol (Fig. 1) became the main object of excavations carried out by the Sevastopol expedition of the Institute for the History of Material Culture (RAS). The archaeological excavations of the fourth bastion provide an insight into the history of its construction. Reliable data on location, characteristic features and technical design of the key fortification elements of the bastion right flank such as terreplein, neck line, escarp and counterscarp were obtained for the first time. The excavations revealed gun positions, parts of breastwork with gun ports, auxiliary areas for ammunition storage, a magazin for gun powder and bombs, dugout shelters for manpower. Shelter awnings cut out in rock and 14 entries into countermine galleries as well as a secret passage for surreptitious movements of troops (Fig. 3; 4) were identified. A representative archaeological assembly of war items and paraphernalia of bastion defenders and their enemy was collected during the excavations. It will replenish expositions of the Sevastopol museums dedicated to its defense in the Crimean war (Figs. 5-8). In 2019 specialists of the Institute for the History of Material Culture prepared a concept note for museification and adaptive use of constructions discovered in the right side of the fourth bastion at the 1854-1855 Memorial Ensemble of the City Defense Sites known as ‘the Historical Boulevard' (Sevastopol). The concept note was forwarded to the Russian Ministry of Culture.

scholarly journals New records of long-legged flies (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) from Wrangel Island Nature Reserve (Chukotka AD, Russia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 551-562
Author(s):  
Igor Ya. Grichanov ◽  
Olga A. Khruleva
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Wrangel Island ◽  
Island State ◽  
New Localities ◽  
State Nature Reserve ◽  
New Material ◽  
A New Species ◽  
State Nature

New original data on five Dolichopodidae species from the Wrangel Island resulted from the 2015–2019 surveys in the Wrangel Island State Nature Reserve are presented. As a result of this study, a new material of Dolichopodidae has been identified, being collected from the new localities in the Wrangel Island Nature Reserve, and a new species Rhaphium tripartitum has been found on the Island. The present research excludes R. nigrum from the Chukchi fauna and expands the Dolichopus terminasianae area westward to the Yamal Peninsula.

scholarly journals Ideas, Persons, and Objects in the History of Ideas

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-162
Author(s):  
Bennett Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Moral Life ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Deep Foundation ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Abstract Ideas ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract The history of ideas is most prominently understood as a highly specialized group of methods for the study of abstract ideas, with both diachronic and synchronic aspects. While theorizing the field has focused on the methods of study, defining the object of study – ideas – has been neglected. But the development of the theories behind material culture studies poses a sharp challenge to these narrow approaches. It both challenges the integrity of the notion of abstract ideas and also offers possibilities for enlarging the scope of the ways in which we can study ideas historically. It is proposed here to regard ideas as mental relations deeply connected to human communication by both thinking and doing. This connection of ideational thought to human production and behavior is a deep foundation for the history of ideas as an interdisciplinary historiographic means of understanding moral life.

How Homo economicus lost her mind and how we can revive her

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter DeScioli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Target Article ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe target article by Boyer & Petersen (B&P) contributes a vital message: that people have folk economic theories that shape their thoughts and behavior in the marketplace. This message is all the more important because, in the history of economic thought, Homo economicus was increasingly stripped of mental capacities. Intuitive theories can help restore the mind of Homo economicus.

THE FEATURES OF FEMALE IMAGES IN THE TRAGEDIES OF GUSEYN JAVID

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
Malika Adigezalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Female Characters ◽  
Female Images ◽  
Female Figures ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Given

The article is devoted to the features of female types in the tragedies of one of significant playwrights of the XX century Guseyn Javid. In the given article, they analyse and compare the characteristic features and behavior of the female figures of the author’s such literaryworks as «Mother»(Selma, Ismet), «Maral»(Maral, Humay), «Afet»(Afet, Alagoz), «Siyavush»(Farangiz, Sudaba). The basis of the article lies in the creative works of G.Javid, where special attention is attracted by several types of female characters, among which the types of a traditional eastern woman are most brightly represented

Mesyatseslovs memory of the Russian Orthodox Church

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-198
Author(s):  
Макарий Веретенников
Keyword(s):  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Liturgical Texts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complete Form ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Heaven And Earth ◽  
The Church

Статья посвящена содержанию, общим принципам построения и характерным особенностям календаря, или месяцеслова, Русской Православной Церкви. Автор использует методы анализа и синтеза. В итоге делаются нижеследующие обобщения. Месяцеслов был принесён на Русь из Византии в достаточно завершённом виде, однако в процессе исторического развития он дополнился особенными русскими праздниками. Календарь-месяцеслов - это грандиозный собор святых, подвизавшихся в разных местах на протяжении веков, единение Церкви Небесной и земной, история святости и история нашей Церкви. Месяцесловным памятям посвящены составленные гимнографами богослужебные тексты, которые поются и читаются в храмах. Традиционно почитается день кончины угодников Божиих, память открытия мощей святых, перенесения их святых мощей или же день канонизации угодников Божиих, реже - день их рождения. Фенологические наблюдения русского народа связаны с повседневной деятельностью и увязаны с месяцесловом, что свидетельствует о его проникновении в повседневную жизнь русского человека. The article is devoted to the content, General principles of construction and characteristic features of the calendar, or mesyatseslov, of the Russian Orthodox Church. The author uses methods of analysis and synthesis. As a result, the following generalizations are made. The mesyatseslov was brought to Russia from Byzantium in a fairly complete form, but in the course of historical development it was supplemented with special Russian holidays. The calendar-mesyatseslov is a grandiose council of saints who have labored in different places over the centuries, the unity of the Church of Heaven and earth, the history of holiness and the history of our Church. Liturgical texts composed by hymnographers, which are sung and read in churches, are dedicated to the mesyatseslovs memory. Traditionally, the day of the death of saints, the memory of the discovery of the relics of saints, the transfer of their Holy relics, or the day of the canonization of saints, less often - the day of their birth are honored. Russian people’s phenological observations are related to their daily activities and are linked to mesyatseslov, which indicates its penetration into the daily life of the Russian people.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Early Modern History ◽  
History Of Collecting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Renaissance

This chapter explores the material culture of everyday life in late-Renaissance Paris by setting L’Estoile’s diaries and after-death inventory against a sample of the inventories of thirty-nine of his colleagues. L’Estoile and his family lived embedded in the society of royal office-holders and negotiated their place in its hierarchy with mixed success. His home was cramped and his wardrobe rather shabby. The paintings he displayed in the reception rooms reveal his iconoclastic attitude to the visual, contrasting with the overwhelming number of Catholic devotional pictures displayed by his colleagues. Yet the collection he stored in his study and cabinet made him stand out in his milieu as a distinguished curieux. It deserves a place in the early modern history of collecting, as his example reveals that the civil wars might be a stimulus as much as a disruption to collecting in sixteenth-century France.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
The State ◽  
Women Readers ◽  
History Of Reading ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Cultural Events ◽  
Visual Models ◽  
Woman Reader ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Literacy

This chapter explores a more concrete and historicized figure of the woman reader. It explores the forces that make her appear and disappear, and surveys the state of knowledge on medieval female literacy, and the documentary evidence on women readers. It investigates typically female modes of reading (such as the educational, the devotional, and the courtly) and the visual models that were available to vernacular authors to forge their imagined textual interlocutor. It shows how the protagonist of this book is the product of two cultural events within the history of reading and the material culture of the book: the raise of literacy among the laity and women in the years under consideration, and a changed scenario insofar as theories and practices of reading are concerned.

Imagining the Woman Reader in the Age of Dante

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Women Readers ◽  
Literary Authority ◽  
Woman Reader ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Literacy ◽  
Female Audience ◽  
Shed Light

The literature of the Italian Due- and Trecento frequently calls into play the figure of a woman reader. From Guittone d’Arezzo’s piercing critic, the ‘villainous woman’, to the mysterious Lady who bids Guido Cavalcanti to write his grand philosophical song, to Dante’s female co-editors in the Vita Nova and his great characters of female readers, such as Francesca and Beatrice in the Comedy, all the way to Boccaccio’s overtly female audience, this particular sort of interlocutor appears to be central to the construct of textuality and the construction of literary authority in these times. The aim of this book is to shed light on this figure by contextualizing her within the history of female literacy, the material culture of the book, and the ways in which writers and poets of earlier traditions (in particular Occitan and French) imagined her. Its argument is that these figures of women readers are not mere veneers between a male author and a ‘real’ male readership, but that, although fictional, they bring several advantages to their vernacular authors, such as orality, the mother tongue, the recollection of the delights of early education, literality, freedom in interpretation, absence of teleology, the beauties of ornamentation and amplification, a reduced preoccupation with the fixity of the text, the pleasure of making mistakes, dialogue with the other, the extension of desire, original simplicity, and new and more flexible forms of authority.

The Interplay of Developing Morality and Gender Attitudes

2020 ◽  
pp. 724-745
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Bigler ◽  
Lynn S. Liben
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gender Nonconformity ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Ethical Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Behavior

Morality and gender are intersecting realms of human thought and behavior. Reasoning and action at their intersection (e.g., views of women’s rights legislation) carry important consequences for societies, communities, and individual lives. In this chapter, the authors argue that children’s developing views of morality and gender reciprocally shape one another in important and underexplored ways. The chapter begins with a brief history of psychological theory and research at the intersection of morality and gender and suggests reasons for the historical failure to view gender attitudes through moral lenses. The authors then describe reasons for expecting morality to play an important role in shaping children’s developing gender attitudes and, reciprocally, for gender attitudes to play an important role in shaping children’s developing moral values. The authors next illustrate the importance and relevance of these ideas by discussing two topics at the center of contentious debate in the United States concerning ethical policy and practice: treatment of gender nonconformity and gender-segregated schooling. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research.

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