scholarly journals Dilated cardiomyopathy: reconceptualization of the problem

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
T. G. Vaykhanskaya ◽  
L. N. Sivitskaya ◽  
T. V. Kurushko ◽  
O. D. Levdansky ◽  
N. G. Danilenko
Keyword(s):  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
European Working ◽  
Definition Of

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a complex, etiologically heterogeneous myocardial disease, which is one of the main causes of heart failure and heart transplantation. In 2016, experts from the European working group proposed a new definition of cardiomyopathy, which includes intermediate variants with a change in phenotype in carriers of mutations from subclinical form to the full manifestations of the disease. The classification of DCM was supplemented with intermediate phenotypes with the inclusion of a hypokinetic form with reduced contractile function without ventricular dilatation and variants with predominant dilation or arrhythmogenicity. Pathological architectonics of DCM consists of many genetic determinants that interact with numerous environmental factors. Clinical manifestations depend not only on the malignancy and penetrance of the gene mutation, but also on a number of other causes — epigenomic factors, age, toxic effects, environmental aggressiveness, pregnancy, and the effects of other acquired diseases. The article summarizes the current epidemiological data and ideas about specific molecular changes with an unfavorable prognosis. For clarity, we present clinical observations of familial DCM with mutations in the RBM20 and LMNA genes.

scholarly journals SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN PATIENTS WITH DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
D V Duplyakov ◽  
I V Kondratyeva ◽  
S V Garkina
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Definition Of

The review discusses accumulated to date scientific data on dilated cardiomyopathy: causative factors, clinical manifestations, sudden cardiac death in patients with the disease and its risk-stratification in the light of National guidelines on the definition of risk and prevention of sudden cardiac death (2012). A case of a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and high-risk of sudden cardiac death is presented.

scholarly journals Optimization of surgical treatment of abdominal hernias in patients with obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
V. I. Belokonev ◽  
V. P. Zakharov ◽  
D. B. Grachev ◽  
S. Y. Pushkin ◽  
Z. V. Kovaleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Side Surface ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Mathematical Algorithm ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Clinical Observations

Introduction. Among patients with primary and postoperative ventral hernias, obesity of various degrees is observed in more than 50 % of patients. A severe complication of obesity is the development of panniculus – a skin-subcutaneous apron of varying severity. The hernia surgeon often performs a panniculectomy, which requires justification, taking into account both the positive and negative consequences.The objective was to improve the results of treatment of patients with hernias who are obese by developing a mathematical algorithm of indications for removing the skin-subcutaneous apron.Methods and materials. The analysis of surgical treatment of 253 obese patients with hernia aged 20 to 90 years was performed. There were 44 males (17.4 %) and 209 females (82.6 %). There are 2 groups: the first (comparison group) included 129 patients whom the hernia excision was performed without removing the skin-subcutaneous apron; the second (main group) – 124 patients who had the excision of the skin-subcutaneous apron during surgery. Indications for panniculus removal were based on the proposed mathematical algorithm, which took into account the size, clinical manifestations, associated complications, and possible consequences after surgeries while preserving it.Results. When considering the abdomen in patients with hernias and obesity from the side surface, the hanging apron in relation to the abdominal wall forms a truncated cone, or two conjugated cones that form significantly different moments of forces acting on the abdominal wall at different stages of development of the panniculus, and, therefore, can serve as the basis for the development of classification. Based on this mathematical model, the following classification of changes in the anterior abdominal wall in hernias and obesity is proposed: saggy belly; cutaneoussubcutaneous apron I, II, III degrees, which are based on calculated mathematical indicators and clinical manifestations of the disease. When treating patients with hernias and obesity during operations, the following tactical algorithms were followed: with a saggy stomach and panniculus of the 1st degree, the removal of the skin-subcutaneous apron can be refused; with the 2nd and 3rd degrees, its preservation contributes to the recurrence of the hernia due to the action of moments of forces that shift and pull the abdominal wall down.Conclusions. Clinical observations of patients with hernias and obesity have shown that the removal of the skinsubcutaneous apron did not lead to an increase in the frequency of wound and systemic complications, and therefore it should be considered a necessary stage of surgery.

SWEDISH STANDARD CURVES FOR INTRA-UTERINE GROWTH

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
Göran Sterky
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
National Board ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Menstrual Pattern ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Statistical Definition

The classification of newborn infants according to intra-uterine growth must take into account gestational age as well as birth weight. Also important is the intrauterine growth pattern of the population from which individual and epidemiological data are derived and to which they are to be compared. In constructing a definition of "normal" intra-uterine growth, the only practical approach now seems to be a statistical definition from data on live born infants of supposedly normal pregnancies. In Sweden it has been possible to collect such information from material compiled primarily for forensic purposes. Because the resultant curves have been published only in Swedish1, and because the birth weight at term in Sweden has been said to be the highest so far obtained2, the curves are presented here for readers from other countries. The Swedish National Board of Health instructed all maternity wards to report certain data on all infants born from July 1, 1956, to June 30, 1957. Due to various reasons, some small hospitals could not take part. After an intense correspondence to complete the reports, the material included 92,348 infants (51.7% boys). It was calculated that about 110,000 infants were born in the whole country during the period in question. Stillborn and malformed infants were excluded, as were those born to mothers with clinical diabetes mellitus and toxemia (proteinuria at two separate occasions and/or resting systolic blood pressure above 150 mm Hg). Only single births were included. The material now contained 82,011 infants (51.0% boys). Before constructing the curves, it was also decided that the normal menstrual pattern of the mothers had to be known and had to be regular with intervals within 21 to 35 days.

scholarly journals Symptom-based clinical profiles in the classification of post-traumatic headache

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (23 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S28.2-S28
Author(s):  
Andrew H Ahn ◽  
Sylvia M Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Unmet Need ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Primary Headache Disorders ◽  
Specific Outcome ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Definition Of

There are currently no established therapies for post-traumatic headache (PTH). One key obstacle standing in the way of meeting this unmet need is the fundamental gap in our understanding of the clinical course and functional impact of PTH. In this presentation we examine the existing schema used to characterize the clinical characteristics of PTH, including the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD), and find that they leave major unresolved questions about the diagnosis, classification, and measurement of the clinical impact of PTH. Specifically, current data suggest that the ICHD classification, which is based on the extent of brain injury and the duration of condition, have limited prognostic and treatment implications. There are several challenges to the classification of PTH, as the clinical manifestations of PTH do not map well to the primary headache disorders, and the definition of the continuous and chronic daily headache require further study. Importantly, the existing classification do not provide or imply specific outcome measures for PTH, again a fundamental roadblock to testing therapeutic hypotheses for PTH. We hypothesize that a symptom-based classification is needed to begin an examination of these unresolved questions, and to establish clinically relevant endpoints for research and clinical trials for effective therapies.

scholarly journals Esophageal Lung in a Preterm Boy—Report on a Multidisciplinary Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. e110-e113
Author(s):  
Enrique Villamizar ◽  
Maria Daniela Moreno Villamizar ◽  
Mauricio Pedraza Ciro ◽  
Jean Pulido ◽  
Maria Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Anterior Intestine ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractEsophageal lung is a rare entity that results from embryological alterations during the formation of the ventral wall of the anterior intestine. The clinical manifestations of this pathology are vague, including respiratory or digestive symptoms, repetitive respiratory infections, dysphagia, or inability to swallow. The management is based on the exact anatomical and vascular abnormalities. We report the diagnostic and therapeutic approach in a preterm boy with esophageal lung. Also, we present a three-dimensional model for the classification of this pathology. In conclusion, the management relies on proper definition of the anatomy and the surgical strategy.

Development and Evaluation of Fuzzy Criteria for the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-P. Adlassnig ◽  
G. Kolarz ◽  
H. Leitich
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
American Rheumatism Association ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Sensitivity Rate ◽  
Fuzzy Techniques ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Specificity Rate

Abstract:In 1987, the American Rheumatism Association issued a set of criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to provide a uniform definition of RA patients. Fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic were used to transform this set of criteria into a diagnostic tool that offers diagnoses at different levels of confidence: a definite level, which was consistent with the original criteria definition, as well as several possible and superdefinite levels. Two fuzzy models and a reference model which provided results at a definite level only were applied to 292 clinical cases from a hospital for rheumatic diseases. At the definite level, all models yielded a sensitivity rate of 72.6% and a specificity rate of 87.0%. Sensitivity and specificity rates at the possible levels ranged from 73.3% to 85.6% and from 83.6% to 87.0%. At the superdefinite levels, sensitivity rates ranged from 39.0% to 63.7% and specificity rates from 90.4% to 95.2%. Fuzzy techniques were helpful to add flexibility to preexisting diagnostic criteria in order to obtain diagnoses at the desired level of confidence.

ABOUT THE PROBLEM OF CLASSIFICATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF INFORMATICS STUDIED AT SECONDARY SCHOOL

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
S. I. Zenko
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Definition Of

The article raises the problem of classification of the concepts of computer science and informatics studied at secondary school. The efficiency of creation of techniques of training of pupils in these concepts depends on its solution. The author proposes to consider classifications of the concepts of school informatics from four positions: on the cross-subject basis, the content lines of the educational subject "Informatics", the logical and structural interrelations and interactions of the studied concepts, the etymology of foreign-language and translated words in the definition of the concepts of informatics. As a result of the first classification general and special concepts are allocated; the second classification — inter-content and intra-content concepts; the third classification — stable (steady), expanding, key and auxiliary concepts; the fourth classification — concepts-nouns, conceptsverbs, concepts-adjectives and concepts — combinations of parts of speech.

Use of photodynamic therapy for photodamage skin (review of literature)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
S. I. Surkichin ◽  
N. V. Gryazeva ◽  
L. S. Kholupova ◽  
N. V. Bochkova
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Photosensitizing Agents ◽  
Selection Of

The article provides an overview of the use of photodynamic therapy for photodamage of the skin. The causes, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of skin photodamage are considered. The definition, principle of action of photodynamic therapy, including the sources of light used, the classification of photosensitizers and their main characteristics are given. Analyzed studies that show the effectiveness and comparative evaluation in the selection of various light sources and photosensitizing agents for photodynamic therapy in patients with clinical manifestations of photodamage.

Determining the discount rate when evaluating trade organizations: Some features

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
E.A. Grigor'eva ◽  
A.S. Buzhikeeva
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Subject. This article deals with the issues of determining the market value of the trading business, taking into account a number of characteristics. Objectives. The article aims to develop certain provisions of the methodology and practice of evaluating the business of trading organizations, namely, taking into account the additional risk of inventory feasibility when calculating the discount rate. Methods. For the study, we used a systems approach, and the cognition, and economic and analytical research methods. Results. The article presents a three-tiered classification of stocks and a definition of risk based on the criteria for dividing stocks by purpose, degree of implementation, and shelf life in accordance with the scale. Based on the classification, the article offers certain recommendations for determining the discount rate when evaluating trading organizations, aimed at taking into account additional risk. Conclusions. Various evaluation procedures within the framework of traditional approaches and methods in relation to trading organizations do not take into account risk specific to this type of economic activity. The proposed methodology for calculating the discount rate for trade organizations takes into account the features of their functioning.

State Failure and the Political Violence Phenomenon: A Comparative Analysis of Iraq and Syria Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Eylem Özkaya Lassalle
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
State Failure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War

The concept of failed state came to the fore with the end of the Cold War, the collapse of the USSR and the disintegration of Yugoslavia. Political violence is central in these discussions on the definition of the concept or the determination of its dimensions (indicators). Specifically, the level of political violence, the type of political violence and intensity of political violence has been broached in the literature. An effective classification of political violence can lead us to a better understanding of state failure phenomenon. By using Tilly’s classification of collective violence which is based on extent of coordination among violent actors and salience of short-run damage, the role played by political violence in state failure can be understood clearly. In order to do this, two recent cases, Iraq and Syria will be examined.

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