scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF A SYSTEMIC APPROACH IN THE SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH PREVENTION: A POSSIBLE SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF EXCESSIVE MORTALITY IN RUSSIA (LITERATURE REVIEW). PART II. SOME LIMITATIONS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEMS OF CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY PREVENTION AND THEIR POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
A. S. Dimov ◽  
N. I. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Prognostic Assessment

The use of pharmacotherapy in prevention is aimed at the correction of already existing consequences (pathology), rather than the prevention of causes. The number of multiple known risk factors (RFs) is steadily increasing, which limits their effective control in the real-world practice. On the other hand, focusing only on a limited number of RFs (7–9) leaves plenty of room for error. Causality is a unity of multiple RFs, unique in each individual case. Determining causality with the use of mathematical modelling can facilitate a more reliable prognostic assessment in cardiovascular disease. 

Prevention of atrial fibrillation – non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors for AF

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (55) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wojdyła-Hordyńska ◽  
Grzegorz Hordyński
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors

Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmias, with a significant increase in incidence in recent years. AF is a major cause of stroke, heart failure, sudden cardiac death, and cardiovascular disease. Timely intervention and modification of risk factors increase chance to stop the disease. Aggressive, multilevel prevention tactics are a component of combined treatment, including – in addition to lifestyle changes, anticoagulant therapy, pharmacotherapy and invasive anti-arrhythmic treatment – prevention of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, ischemia, valvular disease and heart failure.

scholarly journals SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH: MECHANISMS AND REASONS, RISK FACTORS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

2017 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
T. V. Aleynikova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Heart Trouble ◽  
Topical Information

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) can be called one of the most important issues of modern cardiology for it is the first and the last sign of heart trouble in 25 % people and occurs in 60 % patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Interest to the problem is caused also by the fact that the SCD prevalence tends to increase. Obviously there are ways to take effective measures of prevention aimed at the improvement of the situation. The literature review presents analysis of publications containing topical information about mechanisms and reasons, risk factors and predictors for SCD and covers ways to treat and prevent the disease.

scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF A SYSTEMIC APPROACH IN THE SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH PREVENTION: A POSSIBLE SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF EXCESSIVE MORTALITY IN RUSSIA (LITERATURE REVIEW) PART I. CARDIOVASCULAR ASPECTS OF EXCESSIVE MORALITY IN RUSSIA: THE STATE OF THE PROBLEM AND POTENTIAL FOR PREVENTION

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
A. S. Dimov ◽  
N. I. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Cvd Prevention ◽  
Healthcare Situation

The review of the existing evidence on the problem of excessive mortality in Russia has demonstrated that the country is at the initial stage of the irreversible depopulation process. The current healthcare situation, in regard to cardiovascular disease (CVD), does not provide much hope for the effectiveness of existing measures for fatal CVD prevention. It is clear that a large-scale focussed analysis of the clinical and organisational limitations of the existing prevention systems is urgently needed. This discussion should be started in the nearest future. 

scholarly journals Sudden cardiac death and antipsychotic medications: literature review

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
V. P. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Qt Interval ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Antipsychotic Medications ◽  
Electrocardiographic Changes

The review summarises the evidence from international publications on sudden cardiac death (SCD) in psychiatric patients receiving neuroleptics. Modern SCD definitions are presented, together with the relevant epidemiological data. The pathogenesis of fatal cardiac arrhythmias, caused by cardiotoxic effects of antipsychotic medications, is discussed. Electrocardiographic changes, in particular QT interval changes, as well as risk factors of SCD and main principles of its prevention, are described in detail.

scholarly journals THE MECHANISMS AND CAUSES OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH.FACTORS AND RISK STRATIFICATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE. DEFINITIONS AND TERMS

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
A V Ardashev ◽  
G P Arutyunov ◽  
E G Zhelyakov ◽  
Yu N Belenkov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
The World

Cardiovascular mortality in Russia is one of the highest in the world and is 1462 deaths per 100,000 per year. The main mechanisms dramatic outcomes of cardiovascular disease are death due to heart failure and sudden cardiac death (SCD). According to the calculated data 200,000-250,000 patients died suddenly in Russia per year.The problem of the SCD is one of the urgent problems of healthcare because prevalence of it is growing up and there is obvious possibility of effective preventive measures.In the present article presents definitions associated with SCD, mechanisms, primary and secondary risk factors for SCD.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Risk Factors, Autoantibodies, and the Effect of Antirheumatic Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117954412110287
Author(s):  
Mir Sohail Fazeli ◽  
Vadim Khaychuk ◽  
Keith Wittstock ◽  
Boris Breznen ◽  
Grace Crocket ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Rheumatoid Factor ◽  
Qualitative Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective: To scope the current published evidence on cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) focusing on the role of autoantibodies and the effect of antirheumatic agents. Methods: Two reviews were conducted in parallel: A targeted literature review (TLR) describing the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in RA patients; and a systematic literature review (SLR) identifying and characterizing the association between autoantibody status and CVD risk in RA. A narrative synthesis of the evidence was carried out. Results: A total of 69 publications (49 in the TLR and 20 in the SLR) were included in the qualitative evidence synthesis. The most prevalent topic related to CVD risks in RA was inflammation as a shared mechanism behind both RA morbidity and atherosclerotic processes. Published evidence indicated that most of RA patients already had significant CV pathologies at the time of diagnosis, suggesting subclinical CVD may be developing before patients become symptomatic. Four types of autoantibodies (rheumatoid factor, anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies, anti-phospholipid autoantibodies, anti-lipoprotein autoantibodies) showed increased risk of specific cardiovascular events, such as higher risk of cardiovascular death in rheumatoid factor positive patients and higher risk of thrombosis in anti-phospholipid autoantibody positive patients. Conclusion: Autoantibodies appear to increase CVD risk; however, the magnitude of the increase and the types of CVD outcomes affected are still unclear. Prospective studies with larger populations are required to further understand and quantify the association, including the causal pathway, between specific risk factors and CVD outcomes in RA patients.

scholarly journals Sudden Cardiac Death Risk in Downhill Skiers and Mountain Hikers and Specific Prevention Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1621
Author(s):  
Josef Niebauer ◽  
Martin Burtscher
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Physical Strain ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Downhill Skiing

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) still represents an unanticipated and catastrophic event eliciting from cardiac causes. SCD is the leading cause of non-traumatic deaths during downhill skiing and mountain hiking, related to the fact that these sports are very popular among elderly people. Annually, more than 40 million downhill skiers and mountain hikers/climbers visit mountainous regions of the Alps, including an increasing number of individuals with pre-existing chronic diseases. Data sets from two previously published case-control studies have been used to draw comparisons between the SCD risk of skiers and hikers. Data of interest included demographic variables, cardiovascular risk factors, medical history, physical activity, and additional symptoms and circumstances of sudden death for cases. To establish a potential connection between the SCD risk and sport-specific physical strain, data on cardiorespiratory responses to downhill skiing and mountain hiking, assessed in middle-aged men and women, have been included. It was demonstrated that previous myocardial infarction (MI) (odds ratio; 95% CI: 92.8; 22.8–379.1; p < 0.001) and systemic hypertension (9.0; 4.0–20.6; p < 0.001) were predominant risk factors for SCD in skiers, but previous MI (10.9; 3.8–30.9; p < 0.001) and metabolic disorders like hypercholesterolemia (3.4; 2.2–5.2; p < 0.001) and diabetes (7.4; 1.6–34.3; p < 0.001) in hikers. More weekly high-intensity exercise was protective in skiers (0.17; 0.04–0.74; p = 0.02), while larger amounts of mountain sports activities per year were protective in hikers (0.23; 0.1–0.4; <0.001). In conclusion, previous MI history represents the most important risk factor for SCD in recreational skiers and hikers as well, and adaptation to high-intensity exercise is especially important to prevent SCD in skiers. Moreover, the presented differences in risk factor patterns for SCDs and discussed requirements for physical fitness in skiers and hikers will help physicians to provide specifically targeted advice.

scholarly journals Vital exhaustion and sudden cardiac death in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Heart ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany M Bogle ◽  
Nona Sotoodehnia ◽  
Anna M Kucharska-Newton ◽  
Wayne D Rosamond
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Vital Exhaustion ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk ◽  
Aric Study

ObjectiveVital exhaustion (VE), a construct defined as lack of energy, increased fatigue and irritability, and feelings of demoralisation, has been associated with cardiovascular events. We sought to examine the relation between VE and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.MethodsThe ARIC Study is a predominately biracial cohort of men and women, aged 45–64 at baseline, initiated in 1987 through random sampling in four US communities. VE was measured using the Maastricht questionnaire between 1990 and 1992 among 13 923 individuals. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the hazard of out-of-hospital SCD across tertiles of VE scores.ResultsThrough 2012, 457 SCD cases, defined as a sudden pulseless condition presumed due to a ventricular tachyarrhythmia in a previously stable individual, were identified in ARIC by physician record review. Adjusting for age, sex and race/centre, participants in the highest VE tertile had an increased risk of SCD (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.87), but these findings did not remain significant after adjustment for established cardiovascular disease risk factors (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.20).ConclusionsAmong participants of the ARIC study, VE was not associated with an increased risk for SCD after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors.

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