scholarly journals Biobank as a key component of supporting research in phthisiology and infectious diseases

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3084
Author(s):  
T. V. Umpeleva ◽  
D. V. Vakhrusheva ◽  
S. N. Skornyakov
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Unsolved Problem ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Status

Conducting fundamental and clinical research in the field of tuberculosis is an important step towards reducing related morbidity and mortality, but access to a sufficient number of high-quality samples required for research is an unsolved problem in Russia. This review is devoted to biobanking as a key component of modern research in personalized medicine, as well as to the status and prospects for developing this area in phthisiology and infectious diseases combined with tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Building a Centre of Excellence in Data Management in East Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Agwang ◽  
Yuka Manabe
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Data Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Data Management System ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality

Abstract Background: In resource-limited settings, there is a paucity of high quality data management systems for clinical research. The result is that data are often managed in high-income countries disadvantaging researchers at sites where the data are collected. An institutional data management system to address the data collection concerns of the collaborators and sponsors is a key institutional capacity element for high quality research. Our goal was to build a local data management center to streamline data collection and validation compliant with international regulatory bodies. Methods: Leveraging established collaborations between Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology of the National Institutes of Health and the John Hopkins University School of Medicine in the United States, the Infectious Diseases Institute at Makerere University built a data management coordinating center. This included mentorship from the NIAID International Centers for Excellence in Research and training of key personnel in South Africa at a functioning data center. The number of studies, case report forms processed and the number of publications emanating from studies using the data management unit since its inception were tabulated. Results: The Infectious Diseases Institute data management core began processing data in 2009 with 3 personnel, hardware (network-enabled scanners, desktops, server held in Bethesda with nightly back up) and software licenses, in addition to on-site support from the NIH. In the last 10 years, 850,869 pages of data have been processed from 60 studies in Uganda, across sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and South America. Real-time data cleaning and data analysis occur routinely and enhance clinical research quality; a total of 212 publications from IDI investigators have been published over the past 10 years. Apart from the server back-up services provided by the NIH, the center is now self-sustaining from fees charged to individual studies. Conclusion: Collaborative partnership among research institutions enabled the IDI to build a core data management and coordination center to support clinical studies, build institutional research capacity, and to advance data quality and integrity for the investigators and sponsors.

scholarly journals Lyell, the Geikies and Croll's observations on terrestrial glacial sediments and landforms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
James ROSE
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Social And Physical Environment ◽  
Glacial Landforms

ABSTRACT Within the context of the work and achievements of James Croll, this paper reviews the records of direct observations of glacial landforms and sediments made by Charles Lyell, Archibald and James Geikie and James Croll himself, in order to evaluate their contributions to the sciences of glacial geology and Quaternary environmental change. The paper outlines the social and physical environment of Croll's youth and contrasts this with the status and experiences of Lyell and the Geikies. It also outlines the character and role of the ‘Glasgow School’ of geologists, who stimulated Croll's interest into the causes of climate change and directed his focus to the glacial and ‘interglacial’ deposits of central Scotland. Contributions are outlined in chronological order, drawing attention to: (i) Lyell's high-quality observations and interpretations of glacial features in Glen Clova and Strathmore and his subsequent rejection of the glacial theory in favour of processes attributed to floating icebergs; (ii) the significant impact of Archibald Geikie's 1863 paper on the ‘glacial drift of Scotland’, which firmly established the land-ice theory; (iii) the fact that, despite James Croll's inherent dislike of geology and fieldwork, he provided high-quality descriptions and interpretations of the landforms and sediments of central Scotland in order to test his theory of climate change; and (iv) the great communication skills of James Geikie, enhanced by contacts and evidence from around the world. It is concluded that whilst direct observations of glacial landforms and sediments were critical to the long-term development of the study of glaciation, the acceptance of this theory was dependent also upon the skills, personality and status of the Geikies and Croll, who developed and promoted the concepts. Sadly, the subsequent rejection of the land-ice concept by Lyell resulted in the same factors challenging the acceptance of the glacial theory.

scholarly journals Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Urothelial Carcinoma: Recommendations for Practical Approaches to PD-L1 and Other Potential Predictive Biomarker Testing

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1424
Author(s):  
Antonio Lopez-Beltran ◽  
Fernando López-Rios ◽  
Rodolfo Montironi ◽  
Sophie Wildsmith ◽  
Markus Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Status ◽  
Biomarker Testing ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Scoring Algorithms

Immuno-oncology (IO) agents (anti–programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and anti–programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)) are approved as first- and second-line treatments for metastatic UC. PD-L1 expression levels in UC tumors help clinicians determine which patients are more likely to respond to IO therapies. Assays for approved IO agents use different antibodies, immunohistochemical protocols, cutoffs (defining “high” vs. “low” PD-L1 expression), and scoring algorithms. The robust control of pre-analytical and analytical standards is needed to obtain high-quality PD-L1 results. To better understand the status and perspectives of biomarker-guided patient selection for anti–PD-1 and anti–PD-L1 agents in UC, three workshops were held from December 2018 to December 2019 in Italy, Malaysia, and Spain. The primary goal was to develop recommendations for best practice approaches to PD-L1 testing in UC. Recommendations pertaining to the interpretation and reporting of the results of PD-L1 assays from experienced pathologists and oncologists from around the globe are included. A test request form for pathology laboratories was developed as a critical first step for oncologists/urologists to encourage communication between clinicians and pathologists, ensuring fast and high-quality test results. In this era of personalized medicine, we briefly discuss novel biomarkers being evaluated for IO agents in UC.

scholarly journals The Burden of Caregiving in Cancer: The Status of Clinical Research

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. A324 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Foster ◽  
J.I. Bardos ◽  
T.J. Wilson ◽  
L. Hamerslag ◽  
J. Kusel
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
The Status

The Current Status of Hearing Care: Can We Change the Status Quo?

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (07) ◽  
pp. 410-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Van Vliet
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Current Status ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Scientific Database ◽  
The Status

The members of the profession of audiology often express concern that the services and products that have been developed to provide benefit to the hearing impaired are not sought after or delivered to the majority of those diagnosed with hearing loss. A critical look at the status quo of hearing care delivery in the United States is needed to verify this assumption and to develop strategies to improve the situation. A key concern is the lack of a comprehensive high-quality scientific database upon which to build continuous improvements in the effectiveness of the services and products that are provided to the hearing impaired.

Management of Chronic Nonmalignant Pain

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 374-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. O'Donnell ◽  
Moriah B. Richie ◽  
Lori A. Nesbitt
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
State Level ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Nonmalignant Pain ◽  
Chronic Nonmalignant Pain

Although advances in knowledge about the pathophysiology of pain have been impressive in recent years, high-quality clinical research in patients with chronic pain has not been abundant. Because chronic pain often leads to profound changes in psychologic state, level of functioning, and interpersonal relationships, treatment requires attention not only to the pathophysiologic cause of the pain (if one can be found) but also to the psychologic and social consequences (and antecedents).

LASER-ELECTRON PHOTON PROJECT AT SPRING-8

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (02n06) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
◽  
T. NAKANO
Keyword(s):  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Photon Beam ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Hadron Physics ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
Electron Photon ◽  
New Facility

The GeV photon beam at SPring-8 is produced by backward-Compton scattering of laser photons from 8 GeV electrons. Polarization of the photon beam will be ~100% at the maximum energy with fully polarized laser photons. We report the status of the new facility and the prospect of hadron physics study with this high quality beam. Preliminary results from the first physics run are presented.

scholarly journals Preventing and managing antimicrobial resistance in the African region: A scoping review protocol

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254737
Author(s):  
Chinwe Juliana Iwu-Jaja ◽  
Anelisa Jaca ◽  
Ishmael Festus Jaja ◽  
Portia Jordan ◽  
Phelele Bhengu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
African Region ◽  
Care Systems

Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constitutes a significant threat to global health and food security, typically associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. The high burden of infectious diseases coupled with the weak health systems in most countries of Africa magnifies the risk of increasing AMR and its consequences thereof. This scoping review will be aimed at mapping the evidence on interventions used to prevent and manage antimicrobial resistance in Africa, guided by the “One Health” concept. Methods We will consider interventions targeting multiple sectors such as health care systems, the agricultural and veterinary sectors. The outcomes to be considered include reduction of AMR decreased morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases, increased awareness for rational use of antimicrobials and reduced antibiotic consumption. We will include all types of studies regardless of study designs conducted within the context of the WHO African region. Studies will be excluded if they are not conducted in Africa and if they are literature reviews, only describing the concept of AMR without mentioning interventions. We will include studies identified through a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature databases. In addition, we will search the reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews. Finally, we plan to do a citation search for included studies. Findings of this review will be narratively synthesized.

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