scholarly journals Preventing and managing antimicrobial resistance in the African region: A scoping review protocol

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254737
Author(s):  
Chinwe Juliana Iwu-Jaja ◽  
Anelisa Jaca ◽  
Ishmael Festus Jaja ◽  
Portia Jordan ◽  
Phelele Bhengu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
African Region ◽  
Care Systems

Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constitutes a significant threat to global health and food security, typically associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. The high burden of infectious diseases coupled with the weak health systems in most countries of Africa magnifies the risk of increasing AMR and its consequences thereof. This scoping review will be aimed at mapping the evidence on interventions used to prevent and manage antimicrobial resistance in Africa, guided by the “One Health” concept. Methods We will consider interventions targeting multiple sectors such as health care systems, the agricultural and veterinary sectors. The outcomes to be considered include reduction of AMR decreased morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases, increased awareness for rational use of antimicrobials and reduced antibiotic consumption. We will include all types of studies regardless of study designs conducted within the context of the WHO African region. Studies will be excluded if they are not conducted in Africa and if they are literature reviews, only describing the concept of AMR without mentioning interventions. We will include studies identified through a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature databases. In addition, we will search the reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews. Finally, we plan to do a citation search for included studies. Findings of this review will be narratively synthesized.

Problems and Barriers related to the Use of Digital Health Applications: A Scoping Review Protocol (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin Denk Giebel ◽  
Christian Speckemeier ◽  
Carina Abels ◽  
Kirstin Börchers ◽  
Jürgen Wasem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Applications

BACKGROUND Usage of digital health applications (DHA) is increasing internationally. More and more regulatory bodies develop regulations and guidelines to enable an evidence-based and safe use. In Germany, DHA fulfilling predefined criteria (Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (="DiGA")) can be prescribed and are reimbursable by the German statutory health insurance scheme. Due to the increasing distribution of DHA problems and barriers should receive special attention. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify relevant problems and barriers related to the use of DHA fulfilling the criteria of DiGA. The research done in this area will be mapped and research findings will be summarized. METHODS Conduct of the scoping review will follow published methodological frameworks and PRISMA-Scr criteria. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO), reference lists of relevant articles and grey literature sources will be searched. Two reviewers will assess eligibility of articles by a two-stage (title/abstract and full-text) screening process. Only problems and barriers related to DHA fulfilling the criteria of DiGA are included for this research. RESULTS This scoping review serves to give an overview about the available evidence and to identify research gaps with regards to problems and barriers related to DiGA. Results are planned to be submitted to an indexed, peer-reviewed journal in the fourth quarter of 2021. CONCLUSIONS This is the first review identifying problems and barriers specifically to the use of the German definition of DiGA. Nevertheless, our findings can presumably be applied to other contexts and health care systems as well.

scholarly journals The Super-Wicked Problem of Antimicrobial Resistance

2020 ◽  
pp. 421-443
Author(s):  
Jasper Littmann ◽  
A. M. Viens ◽  
Diego S. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Wicked Problem ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
To Come

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) – the progressive process by which microbes, such as bacteria, through evolutionary, environmental and social factors develop the ability to become resistant to drugs that were once effective at treating them – is a threat from which no one can escape. It is one of the largest threats to clinical and global health in the twenty-first century – inflicting monumental health, economic and social consequences. All persons locally and globally, and even all future persons yet to come into existence, all suffer the shared, interdependent vulnerability to this threat that will have a substantial impact on all aspects of our lives. For example, while reliable data are hard to find, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has conservatively estimated that, in Europe alone, AMR causes additional annual cost to health care systems of at least €1.5 billion, and is responsible for around 25,000 deaths per year. Furthermore, AMR significantly increases the cost of treating bacterial infections with an increase in length of hospital stays and average number of re-consultations, as well as the resultant lost productivity from increased morbidity. With a combined cost of up to $100 trillion to the global economy – pushing a further 28 million people into extreme poverty – this is one of the most pressing challenges facing the world. Most troublingly, if we do not succeed in diminishing the progression of AMR, there is the very real potential for it to threaten common procedures and treatments of modern medicine, including the safety and efficacy of surgical procedures and immunosuppressing chemotherapy. Some experts are warning that we may soon be ushering in a post-antibiotic area.

scholarly journals Assessing health systems’ preparedness for providing care for refugees, asylum seekers and migrants: a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1163
Author(s):  
Ewa Kocot ◽  
Anna Szetela
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
System Requirements ◽  
Health Care Usage ◽  
Special Health

Abstract Background Health care systems and care professionals often face the challenge of providing adequate health care for migrant groups. The objective of this study is to answer the question of whether and how meeting the special health system requirements regarding refugees (R), asylum seekers (AS) and migrants (M) (RASM) is checked and evaluated. Methods A scoping review was used as a methodology of the research, with four electronic databases, websites of relevant organizations and European projects searched, using a strictly defined search strategy. Finally, 66 studies were included in the analysis. Results The included studies presented assessment of different types, aspects and facilities of health care, as well as various methods of analysis. In the vast majority of the studies (n = 52, 78%) interviews or questionnaires were used to collect data. The studies were mostly declared to be qualitative. The main issues assessed in the studies can be categorized into three groups: (i) legal aspects, (ii) before receiving health care and (iii) during health care usage. Conclusions RASM inflow is a big challenge for health care system in many countries. The first step to guarantee adequate health care for RASM is assessing how the system is functioning. This makes it possible to find gaps, indicate the directions of activities needed and monitor progress. Further work on the development of a comprehensive tool, checked in terms of validity and reliability assessment, and enabling examination of many aspects of health care for RASM should be carried out.

scholarly journals Radiological Diagnoses in the Context of Emigration: Infectious diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 190 (02) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Stojkovic ◽  
Jan Müller ◽  
Thomas Junghanss ◽  
Tim Weber
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Care Problems ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniosis

Background Globalization and emigration impact on the spectrum of diseases challenging health care systems. Medical practitioners have to particularly prepare for infectious diseases. Methods The database of a health care center specialized on tropical medicine was screened for patients with history of migration and one of the following diagnoses: Cystic echinococcosis, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, visceral leishmaniosis, and neurocysticercosis. Representative casuistics were prepared from select case histories. Radiological pertinent knowledge was compiled based on literature search. Results A small selection of frequently imported infectious diseases covers a considerable fraction of health care problems associated with migration. For cystic echinococcosis, schistosomiasis, and neurocysticercosis imaging is the most relevant diagnostic procedure defining also disease stages. Tuberculosis and visceral leishmaniosis are important differentials for malignant diseases. Conclusion Imaging plays a meaningful role in diagnosis, treatment stratification, and follow-up of imported infectious diseases. Radiological skills concerning these diseases are important for providing health care for patients in context of migration. Key Points  Citation Format

scholarly journals Forgotten Enemies in the shadow of COVID19

Healthline ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-127
Author(s):  
Parimal Patel ◽  
Khushbu Makadia
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health System ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Health Authorities

The fight against the corona pandemic is important from the point of its direct impact in terms of high morbidity and moderate mortality but it also could indirectly result in many more victims by disrupting the architecture of our existing health system. So far, It has been seen that due to unprecedented nature of covid19 pandemic and high transmissibility forced the health authorities to give their almost 100% attention toward covid19 pandemic management and we have either reduced or stopped to pay attention to our known enemies like TB, HIV etc. These are very dangerous infectious diseases that have been known to affect us badly since years with high morbidity and mortality. If we tend to continue forget these known enemies while fighting against the corona, there is a risk of having even greater impact of existing disaster in the coming days.

scholarly journals Consumer perceptions of antimicrobial use in animal husbandry: A scoping review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261010
Author(s):  
Jaime R. Barrett ◽  
Gabriel K. Innes ◽  
Kelly A. Johnson ◽  
Guillaume Lhermie ◽  
Renata Ivanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
The European Union

Antimicrobial use in animal agriculture is often perceived to play a role in the emerging threat of antimicrobial resistance. Increased consumer awareness of this issue places pressure on animal husbandry to adopt policies to reduce or eliminate antimicrobial use. We use a scoping review methodology to assess research on consumer perceptions of antimicrobial drugs in meat products in the United States, Canada, or the European Union. Evaluating peer-reviewed and grey literature, we included studies for assessment if they met these topical and geographic requirements, involved primary data collection, and were originally published in English. Our screening process identified 124 relevant studies. Three reviewers jointly developed a data charting form and independently charted the contents of the studies. Of the 105 studies that measured consumer concern, 77.1% found that consumers were concerned about antimicrobial use in meat production. A minority of studies (29.8% of all studies) queried why consumers hold these views. These studies found human health and animal welfare were the main reasons for concern. Antimicrobial resistance rarely registered as an explicit reason for concern. A smaller group of studies (23.3%) measured the personal characteristics of consumers that expressed concern about antimicrobials. Among these studies, the most common and consistent features of these consumers were gender, age, income, and education. Regarding the methodology used, studies tended to be dominated by either willingness-to-pay studies or Likert scale questionnaires (73.64% of all studies). We recommend consideration of qualitative research into consumer views on this topic, which may provide new perspectives that explain consumer decision-making and mentality that are lacking in the literature. In addition, more research into the difference between what consumers claim is of concern and their ultimate purchasing decisions would be especially valuable.

Vaccines and pregnancy

2021 ◽  
pp. 175573802110517
Author(s):  
Ibidolapo Afuwape ◽  
Joanne Parsons ◽  
Debra Bick ◽  
Jeremy Dale ◽  
Sarah C. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Maternal Immunisation ◽  
In Pregnancy

The development of vaccines has been one of the major interventions in global health. Since they were first developed over two centuries ago, vaccines have played a prominent role in reducing morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, including in pregnant women. The development of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has brought with it the possibility of reducing the high morbidity and mortality caused by this virus. This article focuses on the use of vaccines in pregnancy and discusses the benefits of maternal immunisation, recommended vaccines in pregnancy, the factors affecting uptake of vaccines, and COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy.

Imaging Infection Across Scales of Size: From Whole Animals to Single Molecules

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P. Skaar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Imaging Technology ◽  
Infection Biology

Infectious diseases are a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, and the threat of infectious diseases to human health is steadily increasing as new diseases emerge, existing diseases reemerge, and antimicrobial resistance expands. The application of imaging technology to the study of infection biology has the potential to uncover new factors that are critical to the outcome of host-pathogen interactions and to lead to innovations in diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. This article reviews current and future opportunities for the application of imaging to the study of infectious diseases, with a particular focus on the power of imaging objects across a broad range of sizes to expand the utility of these approaches. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 75 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Safe Care for Pediatric Patients: A Scoping Review Across Multiple Health Care Settings

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Stang ◽  
Denise Thomson ◽  
Lisa Hartling ◽  
Jocelyn Shulhan ◽  
Megan Nuspl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Care Settings ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Safety Interventions ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Analytic Models

Children are particularly vulnerable to patient safety concerns due to pediatric-specific and general health care challenges. This scoping review identifies and describes the vulnerabilities of those aged 0 to 18 years to iatrogenic harm in various health care settings. Six databases were searched from 1991 to 2012. Primary studies were categorized using predetermined groupings. Categories were tallied and descriptive statistics were employed. A total of 388 primary studies exploring interventions that improved patient safety, deficiencies, or errors leading to safety concerns were included. The most common issues were medication (189 studies, 48.7%) and general medical (81 studies, 20.9%) errors. Sixty studies (15.5%) evaluated or described patient safety interventions, 206 studies (53.1%) addressed health care systems and technologies, 17 studies (4.4%) addressed caregiver perspectives and 20 studies (5.2%) discussed analytic models for patient safety. Further work is needed to ensure consistency of definitions in patient safety research to facilitate comparison and collation of results.

scholarly journals Perceptions and Understandings of Frailty Language: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 177-177
Author(s):  
Mariko Sakamoto ◽  
Pamela Durepos ◽  
Kyla Alsbury ◽  
Patricia Hewston ◽  
Alyson Takaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Research Studies

Abstract Diagnosing and responding to frailty in older adult populations is of growing interest for health care professionals, researchers and policymakers. Preventing frailty has the potential to improve health outcomes for older adults, which in turn has significant implications for health care systems. However, little is known about how older people understand and perceive the term “frailty”, and what it means for them to be designated as frail. To address this concern, a scoping review was undertaken to map the breadth of primary research studies that focus on community-dwelling older adults’ perceptions and understanding of frailty language, as well as explore the potential implications of being classified as frail. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Ageline, PsychInfo, CINAHL and EMBASE databases for articles published between January 1994 and February 2019. 4639 articles were screened and ten articles met the inclusion criteria, detailing eight primary research studies. Using content analysis, three core themes were identified across the included studies. These themes included: 1) understanding frailty as a multi-dimensional concept and inevitable consequence of aging, 2) perceiving frailty as a generalizing and harmful label; and 3) resisting and responding to frailty. Recommendations stemming from this review include the need for health care professionals to use person-centered language with older adults, discuss the term frailty with caution, and be aware of the potential consequences of labeling a person as frail. Importantly, this review demonstrates that for frailty interventions to be successful and meaningful for older adults, ongoing and critical examination of frailty language is necessary.

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