scholarly journals Effect of N and P Fertilization on Weed Flora of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Crop

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Nikolina CHEIMONA ◽  
Charis Konstantina KONTOPOULOU ◽  
Anastasia PAPANDREOU ◽  
Ioanna TABAXI ◽  
Ilias TRAVLOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Corn Hybrid

From May to September 2016, a corn hybrid was sown in a field in central Greece. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with six replications and five fertilization treatments, namely NutriSphere-N Nitrogen Fertilizer (75%), NutriSphere-N Nitrogen Fertilizer (100%), AVAIL Phosphorus Fertilizer (75%), AVAIL Phosphorus Fertilizer (100%) and unfertilized (control). Data analysis confirmed that the different type of fertilization has a significant effect on the composition of weed flora. In particular, the results of the present study indicated significant differences between the fertilization treatments concerning density and diversity of weeds. Furthermore, weed diversity in the control treatment was highest, while it was lower in plots receiving application of N and P. However, total weed dry mass was lower in plots receiving no fertilizer and P fertilization, and highest in plots receiving N. Differences in terms of weed growth between the two types of fertilization could be attributed to differences revealed in the composition of the weed flora. 

scholarly journals Spectral sensors prove beneficial in determining nitrogen fertilizer needs of Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés grass in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Helizani C. Bazame ◽  
Francisco A.C. Pinto ◽  
Domingos S. Queiroz ◽  
Daniel M. de Queiroz ◽  
Daniel Althoff
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fixed Rate ◽  
Reference Treatment ◽  
Reference Plot ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
N Requirement

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the use of spectral sensors to determine nitrogen fertilizer requirements for pastures of Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés in Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with 4 replications of 4 treatments: a control treatment (TT) without application of N; a reference treatment (TR) with N applied at a standard predetermined fixed rate (150 kg urea/ha/cycle); a treatment using GreenSeekerTM (TG) to determine N requirement by the canopy normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); and a treatment using SPAD 502 (TS) to determine N requirement by foliar chlorophyll assessment. For treatments involving spectral sensors, N fertilizer was applied at half the rate of that in the reference treatment at the beginning of each cycle and further N was applied only when the nitrogen sufficiency index dropped below 0.85. The sensors used in the work indicated that no additional N fertilizer was required by these pastures above the half rates applied. Applying N at the reduced rates to the pastures was more efficient than the pre-determined fixed rate, as both sensor treatments and the fixed rate treatment produced similar total forage yields, with similar crude protein concentrations. All fertilized pastures supported similar stocking rates, while the sensor treatments used less N fertilizer, i.e. 75 kg urea/ha/cycle less than the reference plot. Longer-term studies to verify these findings are warranted followed by promotion of the technology to farmers to possibly reduce fertilizer application rates, improve profitability and provide environmental benefits.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF COMPETITION AND WATER DEFICIENCY ON SUNFLOWER AND WEED GROWTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
MURILO MEIRA SOARES ◽  
CLÁUDIA DAIANNY MELO FREITAS ◽  
FERNANDO SARMENTO DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
HÉLIDA CAMPOS DE MESQUITA ◽  
TATIANE SEVERO SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT In the agricultural environment, the occurrence of biotic and abiotic stresses, such as weed interference and soil water deficit is common. However, little is known about the effects of the interaction of these stresses on the growth of cultivated crops and weed species. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of competition and water deficiency on the growth of sunflowers and weeds. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial design, with the first factor corresponding to the competition arrangements between the species (sunflower + Waltheria indica; sunflower + Amaranthus spinosus; and sunflower, W. indica, and A. spinosus in monoculture without competition) and the second factor corresponding to water regimes (irrigated and water deficit). The water deficit regime was established when the sunflower plants had six expanded leaves (V6 stage) and was maintained until the rate of CO2 assimilation of the plants reached values close to zero (6 days), after which irrigation was resumed and maintained until 40 days after emergence, when the plants were collected and evaluated. The growth components evaluated were plant height, leaf area, dry leaf mass, dry stem mass, dry root mass, and total dry mass. Competition between plants decreased sunflower, W. indica, and A. spinosus growth. W. indica and A. spinosus aggravated the negative effects of water deficiency on sunflower growth. The water deficit regime did not affect the growth of W. indica. A. spinosus was more competitive with the sunflower than was W. indica.

scholarly journals Respuestas morfofisiológicas de la raíz del arroz (Oryza sativa L.) variedad SFL 11 en fase de semillero a la aplicación de cepa nativa de Trichoderma sp. y lixiviados de vermicompost bovino

2020 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Jorge Antonio Chávez Vergara ◽  
Antonio Torres García ◽  
Edixon Agustín Espinoza Vera ◽  
Diego Efrén Zambrano Pazmiño
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Native Strain ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
El Sistema

Morphophysiological response of the rice root (Oryza sativa L.) variety SFL 11 in the seedbed phase to the application of the native strain of Trichoderma sp. and leached from bovine vermicompost Ecuador ocupa el lugar 26 a nivel mundial en la producción de arroz con un consumo percápita de 48 kilogramos anuales. En el país, Manabí es la tercera provincia, con 8 710 hectáreas sembradas y rendimiento promedio de 5,58 tha-1. El sistema radicular constituye la primera línea de defensa de las plantas, indispensable para la productividad de los cultivos. En la rizosfera se encuentran microorganismos benéficos, uno de ellos es el hongo Trichoderma, cosmopolita en suelos gracias a su gran plasticidad ecológica y caracterizado, entre otras funciones, por su efecto estimulador en el crecimiento vegetal al colonizar raíces aumentando los pelos radiculares y la extensión en profundidad de enraizamiento. Por otra parte, los bioestimulantes a base de sustancias húmicas promocionan el crecimiento radicular. El experimento se realizó para evaluar si hay inducción a repuestas morfofisiológicas en las raíces por una cepa nativa de Trichoderma sp. y el lixiviado de vermicompost bovino en el arroz (Oryza sativa L.) variedad SFL 11 en fase de semillero. La investigación se condujo en diseño de bloques completamente al azar con 8 tratamientos, seis con Trichoderma sp., uno con lixiviado de vermicompost bovino y el testigo con agua y se realizó en la parroquia Charapotó del cantón Sucre en la provincia de Manabí. A los 25 días después de la siembra fue determinado a las raíces la longitud (cm), volumen (mL) y masa seca (g) a un total de 20 plantas de las cuatro réplicas del experimento y los resultados sometidos a análisis de varianza simple y las medias comparadas mediante prueba de Duncan al 5%. El análisis estadístico demostró efecto benéfico significativo de los bioestimulantes Trichoderma sp., y el lixiviado de vermicompost bovino en la longitud y el volumen radicular, mientras que la biomasa seca demostró diferencias numéricas en crecimiento de las plantas de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) variedad SFL 11 en fase de semillero en comparación al tratamiento testigo. Palabras clave: Microorganismos benéficos; Trichoderma; bioestimulantes; rizósfera. Abstract Ecuador occupies the 26th place worldwide in the production of rice with a per capita consumption of 48 kilograms per year. In the country, Manabí is the third province, with 8 710 hectares planted and an average of 5.58 tha-1. The root system constitutes the first line of defense of the plants, necessary for the productivity of the crops. In the rhizosphere are specifically functional microorganisms, one of them is the fungus Trichoderma, cosmopolitan in soils thanks to its great ecological plasticity and characterized, among other functions, by its stimulating effect on plant growth by colonizing roots, increasing the root hairs and extension in depth of rooting. On the other hand, biostimulants based on vermicompost leachate promotes root growth. The experiment was carried out to evaluate if there is induction to morphophysiological responses in the roots by a native strain of Trichoderma sp. and the leaching of bovine vermicompost in rice (Oryza sativa L) variety SFL 11 in the seedling stage. The investigation was conducted in completely randomized block design with 8 treatments, six with Trichoderma sp., one with leachate of bovine vermicompost and the control with water and was carried out in the Charapoto parish of the Sucre canton in the province of Manabí. At 25 days after sowing the length (cm), volume (mL) and dry mass (g) were determined to the roots at a total of 20 plants of the four replicates of the experiment and the results subjected to simple variance analysis and the means compared by 5% Duncan test. Statistical analysis showed a significant beneficial effect of Trichoderma sp. Biostimulants, and leaching of bovine vermicompost in root length and volume, while dry biomass showed numerical differences in the growth of rice plants (Oryza sativa L) variety SFL 11 in the seedbed compared to the control treatment. Keywords: Beneficial microorganisms; Trichoderma; biostimulants; rhizospher.

scholarly journals Doses of bokashi in the growth of two basil cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Roberto Takane ◽  
Cyro Fragoso Silva ◽  
Jessica Soares Pereira ◽  
Christian Morimasa Takemura ◽  
Talita Angélica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The present work aimed to evaluate the influence of use, as well as to determine adequate doses in organic fertilization of the bokashi type in the cultivation of two basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars. Seeds from the collection of the Floriculture Laboratory of the Phytotechnics Department of the Federal University of Ceará were used. The treatments used were arranged in a randomized block design (RBD), arranged in a 2x5 factorial scheme, consisting of two cultivars of basil (Genovese and Anão) and five doses of Bokashi, namely: 0, 3, 6, 9 and 18 g.L-1. Plants that received no dose (0 g.L-1) served as a control treatment. Each treatment contained 5 repetitions, with the plot consisting of 7 pots, one plant per pot, the useful unit a pot with a basil seedling. From the transplant, applications of bokashi were started in doses of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 18 g.L-1 in both cultivars. Both applications were performed every 20 days after the first application of Bokashi. Fivety five days after transplantation in the final pot, the following variables were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry mass of the aerial part and the root. The 9 g.L-1 dose of Bokashi showed the best results for the variables analyzed for both cultivars, in addition to being efficient when compared to the control, in which the vegetative growth was incipient.

scholarly journals Use of stabilization pond sludge in cultivation of roses

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge L. da Paixão Filho ◽  
Giuliano Gabrielli ◽  
Bruno Coraucci Filho ◽  
Adriano L. Tonetti
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Stabilization Pond ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Rose

One option for the increasing production of sewage sludge (SS) is its agricultural use in crops with high nutritional demand, such as the rose. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the application of SS from primary stabilization pond in roses of the variety 'Carola'. For the experiment, the roses were planted in 20 L recipients using increasing doses of sludge (T2 - 12 Mg ha-1, T3 - 24 Mg ha-1 and T4 - 36 Mg ha-1), mineral fertilizer (T5) and control treatment (T1, without N) in a randomized block design. The evaluated parameters were: roots dry mass, aerial dry mass, total biomass, leaflets area and nitrogen concentration in the leaf. The SS application resulted in better development of the rose, increasing the roots and the aerial biomasses, the leaflets area, and nitrogen content in the leaves compared to the control (T1). There was no statistical difference between the use of mineral fertilizer (T5), and the SS under the highest dose (T4). With these benefits, the use in agriculture of sewage sludge derived from stabilization ponds proved to be an adequate option for its disposal.

scholarly journals Use of alternative organic compounds in the initial growth and quality of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell. Brenan) seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Adriana Miranda de Santana Arauco ◽  
Bruno de Oliveira Dias ◽  
Emanuel França Araújo ◽  
Cácio Luiz Boechat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Organic Compost

The use of renewable materials as a source of nutrients, besides being a solution of interest for waste disposal, may also be an effective way to reduce the high costs of inputs needed for the production of forestry seedlings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell. Brenan) (angico branco) cultivated in organic substrates. A randomized block design was adopted and the treatments were distributed in a 3 × 5 factorial scheme, with three organic residues: decomposed burity (moriche palm) stem, carnaúba straw and organic compost mixed with the soil in four percentages: 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of the composition of substrate and a control treatment with soil only, without incorporating the organic residue, with six repetitions. Ninety days after emergence, the seedlings were collected to determine the growth parameters: stem diameter (SD), height (H), of the following indexes: H/D, leaf number (LN), total chlorophyll (T), leaf area (LA), dry mass of the aerial part (DMAP), dry mass of roots (DMR), total dry mass (TDM) H/DMAP: DMAP/DMR, and Dickson Quality Index (DQI). The treatments that contained 60% and 80% of organic compost presented the best responses. It is concluded that the production of angico branco seedlings cultivated with substrate with the addition of 80:20 (organic compost: soil) presented the best results and was technically feasible according to the characteristics and indexes analyzed.

scholarly journals Azospirillum brasilense inoculation methods in corn and sorghum

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agner de Freitas Andrade ◽  
Tiago Zoz ◽  
André Zoz ◽  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Travis Wilson Witt
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT The Azospirillum brasilense inoculation is usually carried out via seed. However, this bacterium presents passive penetration in the plant, what makes it possible to inoculate the crops using other methods. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of A. brasilense inoculation methods on the emergence and initial growth of corn and sorghum, under greenhouse conditions. A randomized block design, with four replications, in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, was used. The first factor consisted of a control treatment (without inoculation) and three inoculation methods: via seed, via sowing furrow and via leaf spray. The second factor was composed by two hybrids of corn and two of sorghum. The application of A. brasilense to the seed can reduce the emergence percentage and the emergence speed index of corn seedlings, depending on the genotype, but its application does not influence the initial growth of the plants. The A. brasilense inoculation via seed and via sowing furrow can reduce the emergence and increase the mean emergence time of sorghum seedlings, depending on the genotype. The A. brasilense inoculation via seed results in an increase in the dry mass of the root system of sorghum plants.

Efficient Microorganisms Applied to the Soil and in Cover on the Quinoa Crop

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Amanda Cecato Favorito ◽  
Edleusa Pereira Seidel ◽  
Daniela da Rocha Hermann ◽  
Patrícia Aparecida Favorito ◽  
Renan Pan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The present study had as objective to know the effects of the natural fertilizer, from a biological compound of Efficient Microorganisms (EM-4), applied to the soil and in cover of quinoa, over its phytotechnics properties and its production. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a totally randomized block design, in a factorial scheme 4x2+1 with three replicates. The first factor constituted of four doses of EM (3, 6, 9 and 12%) applied to the soil before sowing, the second factor was the application or not of the compound via foliar. The additional treatment was considered a control treatment without any application of EM. It was evaluated plant height, inflorescence height, stem diameter, inflorescence diameter, root length, root volume, root dry mass and production. The results indicate that the use of Efficient Microorganisms (EMs) increases the production in 40% independent of the dose applied, when compared to the control. The foliar or soil application of EM-4 did not influence in the production components and in the production of quinoa.

ESTIMATION OF CONSUMPTIVE USE OF POTATO CROP PIANTED UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM BY USING SWRT TECHNOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
J.N. Abedalrahman ◽  
R.J. Mansor ◽  
D.R. Abass
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Spring Season

A field experiment was carried out in the field of the College of Agriculture / University of Wasit, located on longitude  45o   50o   33.5o   East and latitude 32o 29o 49.8o North, in Spring season of the agricultural season 2019, in order to estimate the water consumption of potato crop using SWRT technology and under the drip irrigation system. The experiment was designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and four treatments that include of the SWRT treatment (the use of plastic films under the plant root area in an engineering style), and the treatment of vegetal fertilizer (using Petmos), organic fertilizer (sheep manure), and the control treatment . Potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.)  var. Burin was planted for spring season on 10/2/2019 at the soil depth of 5-10 cm. The highest reference water consumption for the potato crop during the season was calculated by Najeeb Kharufa, which was 663.03 mm. The highest actual water consumption for the potato crop during the season for the control treatment was 410.1 mm. The results showed increase in the values of the crop coefficient (Kc) in the stages of tubers formation and tubers filling stage as compared to the vegetative and ripening stages, ranged from 1.37-1.92 for the two stages of tubers formation and tubers filling. The SWRT treatment gave the highest water use efficiency during the season, was 3.46 kg m-3 .

Effect of Urea and Nano-Nitrogen Fertigation and Foliar Application of Nano-Boron and Molybdenum on some Growth and Yield Parameters of Potato

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-263
Author(s):  
Hayyawi W.A. Al-juthery ◽  
Estabraq Hilal Obaid Al-Maamouri
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Starch Yield ◽  
Private Farm

Investigating the effect of urea and nano-nitrogen fertigation and foliar application of nano B and Mo on growth and yield of potato Solanum tuberosum L. [Rivera-A]. The study was conducted in a private farm located in the Al-Taleah area - Babylon governorate. The experiment consisted of (12) treatments consisting of separated fertigation of nano nitrogen (25% N) and urea (46% N), single treatments of leaf spraying of nano Mo (5%), Nano B (9%), nano-binary combinations (Mo+B) and (U+ Nano Mo), (U+Nano B), Nano (N+Mo), Nano (N+B), and tricombination treatments of (U+Mo+B), Nano (N+Mo+B) additional to the control treatment. Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) and one way simple experiment with three replicates. Fertilizers were applied at levels of 40 liters h-1 of Nano-N fertilizer (25% N) and 300 kg h-1 urea fertilizer (46% N). They were sprayed early in the morning after (40) days after planting four times. Two weeks is the period between an application and another according to the recommendation of (1) kg  h-1 nano-fertilizer of (B) and (500) g h-1 of  Mo. Fertilizers were injected and sprayed at (10, 20, 30 and 40)% of the total amount of the fertilizer were applied as the first, second, third and fourth applications, respectively. Some growth traits were tested including the chlorophyll content in the leaves, the total dry vegetative yild, the soft tubers yield, and the biological yield, proteins and ascorbic acid yield compared to the control (spray water only). The results of the Duncan test showed a significant increase in most of the studied traits of nano-tricombination (N+Mo+B) in the fresh tubers yield,  dry vegetative yield  , the biological yield, starch yield ,the total protein and ascorbic yield (37.53, 1.799, 8.138,4.152 , 481.3and 653.8 meg ha-1) respectively .compare to control (21.58 , 0.890, 4.463  ,2.323 , 366.1 and 215.5 meg ha-1) respectively.

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