Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation During Vegetative and Grain Filling of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) as Affected by Nitrogen Rates

This research aimed to determine the effect of different levels of nitrogen (N) on the growth, yield and the N accumulation of lentil plants grown under rain-fed conditions. The two-year field experiments with lentil were arranged in a randomised complete block design. Nitrogen was applied at four rates (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1) and all of the plots received half of the N rates before sowing in October and the remaining N rate in spring. The plants were harvested in the following stages: the first multifoliate leaf unfolding at the fifth node (V5) full seed or seed on nodes 10-13 that fill pod cavities (R6) and maturity (R8). The dry weight and N concentration of the shoot (leaf+stem), pod wall, and seed were then measured. It has been found that N application significantly affected the lentil characteristics. The maximum biomass accumulation and N accumulation were obtained at R6, and the N fertiliser had a positive effect on the seed weight and N accumulation. It can be suggest that 20 kg N ha-1 will increase the per-plant dry matter and N accumulation of the seeds under rain-fed conditions.

Download Full-text

Different Rates of Chicken Manure and NPK 15-15-15 Enhanced Performance of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) on Ferruginous Soil

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2019/3580562 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

V. I. Abumere ◽

O. A. Dada ◽

A. G. Adebayo ◽

F. R. Kutu ◽

A. O. Togun

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Block Design ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Npk Fertilizers

Utilization of adequate fertilizer rate enhances soil physical and chemical properties, minimizes soil nutrient imbalance, and promotes better crop growth and development. The study investigated the influence of varying rates of chicken manure and NPK fertilizers as it affected growth, nutrient uptake, seed yield, and oil yield of sunflower on nutrient-limiting soil. Field experiments were carried out during 2014 and 2015 planting seasons for both main and residual studies. There were eight treatments comprising four rates of chicken manure (5, 10, 15, and 20 t·ha−1), three rates of NPK (30, 60, and 90 kg·N·ha−1), and control. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Growth, yield, dry matter and proximate, nutrient uptake concentration, and oil content were determined following standard procedures. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and means were compared with the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at p≤0.05. Performance of sunflower was superior on the field fertilized with 10 t·ha−1 chicken manure which was comparable to 90 kg·N·ha−1 NPK fertilizer. Sunflower seed yield and oil quality were superior in plots supplied with 10 t·ha−1 chicken manure which was comparable to 60 kg·N·ha−1 NPK. Growth, yield, dry matter, and proximate content were least in the unfertilized plots.

Download Full-text

Effects of Azospirillum inoculation on root infection and nitrogen incorporation in wheat

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m83-148 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 29 (8) ◽

pp. 924-929 ◽

Cited By ~ 151

Author(s):

Vera L. D. Baldani ◽

José Ivo Baldani ◽

Johanna Döbereiner

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Nitrogen Accumulation ◽

Root Infection ◽

Wheat Roots ◽

N Accumulation ◽

Total N ◽

Total Plant ◽

Chloramine T ◽

Heading Stage

In two field experiments, wheat was inoculated with various strains of Azospirillum spp. The two A. brasilense nir− strains isolated from surface-sterilized wheat roots increased the number of Azospirillum in surface-sterilized roots, plant dry matter, and percent N. The total N accumulated in plant tops at heading stage was increased by 30% in the first experiment (strain Sp 107 st) and by 51 and 89% (strains Sp 107 st and Sp 245, respectively) in the second experiment. The Azospirillum numbers (MPN) in chloramine-t treated roots were correlated with total nitrogen accumulation in plant tops (r = 0.92**). Numbers of Azospirillum in nonsterilized roots did not correlate with total plant N accumulation.

Download Full-text

Effect of Nitrogen Supply on Growth and Nitrogen Utilization in Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11112310 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2310

Author(s):

Yang Yang ◽

Wenxin Zha ◽

Kailei Tang ◽

Gang Deng ◽

Guanghui Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Mass Density ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nitrogen Accumulation ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

N Accumulation ◽

N Supply

Hemp is a multipurpose crop that is cultivated worldwide for fiber, oil, and cannabinoids. Nitrogen (N) is a key factor for getting a higher production of hemp, but its application is often excessive and results in considerable losses in the soil–plant–water continuum. Therefore, a rational N supply is important for increasing N efficiency and crop productivity. The main objective of this paper was to determine the responses of four hemp cultivars to different levels of exogenous-N supply as nutrient solution during the vegetative growing period. The experiment was conducted at Yunnan University in Kunming, China. Yunma 1, Yunma 7, Bamahuoma, and Wanma 1 were used as the experimental materials, and five N supplying levels (1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, and 24.0 mmol/L NO3-N in the nutrient solution) were set by using pot culture and adding nutrient solution. The root, stem, and leaf of the plant were sampled for the determination of growth indexes, dry matter and N accumulation and distribution, and physiological indicators. The plant height, stem diameter, plant dry weight, and plant N accumulation of four hemp cultivars were significantly increased with the increase in exogenous-N supply. Root/shoot dry weight ratios, stem mass density, and N use efficiency decreased significantly with the increase in exogenous-N supply. Nitrogen accumulation, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, and nitrate reductase activity in leaves were increased with the increase in exogenous-N supply. Among the four indexes, the increase in N accumulation was more than the increase in NR activity. The activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in leaves were increased first and then decreased with the increase in exogenous-N supply, with the maximum value at N 6.0 mmol/L, while the content of malondialdehyde in leaves increased significantly when the level of exogenous-N supply exceeded 6.0 mmol/L. These results revealed that increasing the exogenous-N supply could improve the plant growth, dry matter accumulation, and N accumulation in hemp during the vegetative growth period, but N supply should not exceed 6.0 mmol/L. Among four hemp cultivars, Wanma 1 performed well at 6.0 mmol/L N application.

Download Full-text

Heterotic and seed rate effects on nitrogen efficiencies in wheat

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859605004843 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 142 (6) ◽

pp. 639-657 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

D. R. KINDRED ◽

M. J. GOODING

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

N Uptake ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

N Accumulation ◽

Total N ◽

Seed Rate ◽

N Utilization ◽

Wheat Hybrids

Four field experiments over 2 years investigated whether wheat hybrids had higher nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) than their parents over a range of seed rates and different N regimes. There was little heterosis for total N in the above-ground biomass (NYt), but there was high-parent heterosis for grain N yields (NYg) in two of the hybrids, Hyno Esta and Hyno Rista, associated with greater nitrogen harvest index (NHI). Overall, the hybrids did not significantly increase the total dry matter produced per unit N in the above-ground crop (NUtEt), but did increase the grain dry matter per unit N in the above ground crop (NUtEg). The improvement in NUtEg was at the partial detriment of grain N concentration. Heterosis for grain NYg in Hyno Esta was lower at zero-N, suggesting that it did not achieve higher yields through more efficient capture or utilization of N. The greater NHI in Hyno Esta appeared to be facilitated by both greater N uptake, and remobilization of N from vegetative tissues, after anthesis.The response of N efficiency and uptake to seed rate was dependent on N supply and season. Where N fertilizer was applied, N uptake over time was slower at the lower seed rates, but where N was withheld N capture at the lowest seed rate soon approached the N capture of the higher seed rates. During grain filling, the rate of accumulation of N into the grain increased with seed rate and the duration of N accumulation decreased with seed rate. With N applied, N yields increased to an asymptote with seed rate, when N was withheld there was little response of N yields to seed rate. In 2002, N utilization efficiency (NUtEt and NUtEg) also increased asymptotically with seed rate, but in 2003 seed rate had little effect on N utilization efficiency. When nitrogen fertilizer had not been applied, NHI consistently decreased with increasing seed rate. The timing of N application made little difference to NUE, NY, or NUtE.

Download Full-text

Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and use in spring barley

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4087-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 36-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

N. Przulj ◽

V. Momčilović

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Nitrogen Accumulation ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

N Losses ◽

N Accumulation ◽

Total N ◽

Growing Conditions

During growth, kernel of cereals can be provided with carbohydrate and nitrogen (N) from the translocation of pre-anthesis accumulated reserves stored either in the vegetative plant parts or from current assimilation during kernel development. This study was conducted to assess the effects of nitrogen level and cultivars on dry matter and N accumulation and mobilization during pre-anthesis and post-anthesis. Twenty two-rowed spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were grown on a non-calcareous chernozem soil in four growing seasons (1995–1998) atNovi Sad (45°20'N, 15°51'E,86 m a.s.l.) at two nitrogen levels. Dry matter accumulation before anthesis ranged from less than 50% in unfavorable to 90% in favorable growing conditions. Dry matter translocation occurred in favorable growing conditions only. Pre-anthesis accumulated N represented 57–92% and 54–129% of total N at maturity at the low and high N levels, respectively. Translocated N represented 41–85% and 37–153% of grain N at the low and high N level, respectively. N losses occurred in favorable growing conditions when anthesis N exceeded 150 kg/ha. N accumulation during grain filling was in negative correlation with dry matter and N accumulation before anthesis. The N harvest index was 0.57–0.63 and 0.71–0.74 in unfavorable and favorable growing conditions, respectively. Selection of genotypes with a higher ability of pre-anthesis reserve utilization or genotypes with longer leaf area duration after anthesis may be two possible solutions in spring barley breeding for Mediterranean growing conditions.

Download Full-text

Effects of paclobutrazol and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of maize

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859696004194 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 128 (4) ◽

pp. 425-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

G. O. IREMIREN ◽

P. O. ADEWUMI ◽

S. O. ADULOJU ◽

A. A. IBITOYE

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Dry Weight ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Application Rates ◽

Weight Yield ◽

N Rates ◽

Leaf N

In two field experiments conducted in 1991 and 1992 at Akure, Nigeria, 0–12 and 0–24 ml/l of the plant growth regulator, paclobutrazol, and 0, 75 and 150 kg N/ha were applied to maize in factorial combinations. Substantial vegetative growth occurred with increasing N rates in 1991 and this accelerated 50% silking date. Paclobutrazol influenced maize growth at this stage only in 1992 when 12 and 24 ml/l depressed plant height and increased both stem girth and leaf number/plant.Higher paclobutrazol application rates decreased plant height at maturity in both years while, in 1991, 150 kg N/ha enhanced it, and also stem girth and shoot dry matter yield. In 1991, both ear and grain dry weight yield/m2 increased with higher N rates while in 1992 4–24 ml/l paclobutrazol enhanced ear dry yield/m2 compared with untreated maize.Both chlorophyll a and b in the ear leaf increased with higher rates of paclobutrazol and N fertilizer, except in 1992 when high leaf N tended to mask the effect of paclobutrazol. N fertilizer in 1991 enhanced the contents of N and Ca in the ear leaf while depressing P, compared with untreated maize.

Download Full-text

Performance of some jute & allied fiber varieties in the southern part of Bangladesh

International Journal of Advanced Geosciences ◽

10.14419/ijag.v6i1.10184 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 117 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Md.Monirul Islam ◽

Mohammad Kabirul Islam ◽

Md.Fazlul Hoque ◽

Md.Isfatuzzaman Bhuyan ◽

Md.Sazedul Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Significant Variation ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Base Diameter ◽

Plant Weight ◽

Fiber Yield ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Whole Plant

The present study was conducted to know the performance of growth, yield contributing parameters and yield of some Tossa and Deshi Jute and also some Allied fiber varieties at the agronomy field laboratory during the period from March to September 2012. Twelve Jute and Kenaf vareities viz. CVL–1 (V1), HC–2 (V2), 0–9897 (V3), CVE–3 (V4), 0–72 (V5), BJC–7370 (V6), HC–95 (V7), BJC–83 (V8), VM–1 (V9), 0–795 (V10), HC–3 (V11), BJC–2142 (V12) were taken and catagorized into three viz. Deshi (V1 to T5), Tossa (V6 to V8) and Kenaf (V9 to V12). The single factor experimental data was laid out in a completely randomized block design with three replications and the means were adjudged by DMRT at 5% level of probability. Varietals performance of Jute and Kenaf were showed statistically significant variation among the studied whole growth, yield and yield attributing traits. Among the varieites, the Jute variety BJC–7370 porduce the tallest plant (299.0 cm), medium base diameter (27.04) mm and longest root (28.44 cm) at harvest. Dry matter viz. root (13.51 g plant–1), stem (48.51 g plant–1), leaf (12.87 g plant–1) and TDM (74.89 g plant–1) production had also higher in BJC–7370. However, base diameter (26.84 mm) and dry weight of leaf (12.37 g plant–1) were statistically similar with Kenaf variety HC–3. The Jute variety BJC–7370 had also showed greater results on various yield characters viz. green (whole plant) weight (232.4 g plant–1) and stick (58.97 g plant–1) and fiber yield (58.97 g plant–1).The Kenaf variety HC–3 was also showed fiber (19.91 g plant–1) production. So, therefore, the Jute variety BJC–7370 and Kenaf vareity HC–3 gave understanding superiority on growth, yield and yield contributing traits as well as higher seed and fiber yield under the AEZ–13. So, Jute variety BJC–7370 or Kenaf variety HC–3 would be more successful productive variety in AEZ– 13 compare to the other studied Jute and Allied fiber varieties.

Download Full-text

Shading effects on the yield of an Argentinian wheat cultivar

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600076085 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 116 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 133

Author(s):

R. Savin ◽

G. A. Slafer

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Wheat Cultivar ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Incident Radiation ◽

Sink Strength ◽

Before And After ◽

Shading Effects

SUMMARYShading treatments of 50% of the incident radiation were applied to the semidwarf wheat cultivar Leones INTA before and after anthesis in two field experiments in Argentina in 1987 and 1988. The treatments reduced biological (above-ground dry matter) yield, grain yield and number of grains/m2. Number of grains/m2 was closely and linearly correlated with ear dry weight at anthesis and with the photothermal quotient, calculated from 20 days before to 10 days after anthesis. Grain yield was sink limited, and the shading treatments reduced sink strength. The contribution of preanthesis assimilates to grain yield was smaller in the shaded crops than in the unshaded controls; in unshaded crops, almost 40% of grain yield was contributed by preanthesis assimilates whilst in preanthesis shaded crops this contribution was negligible. The proportion of preanthesis assimilates contributed to the grain was closely related to the decrease in stem dry weight during grain filling. The effects of shading on main stems and tillers were the same.

Download Full-text

Dry Matter Gains in Maize Kernels Are Dependent on Their Nitrogen Accumulation Rates and Duration during Grain Filling

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061222 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1222

Author(s):

Lía Olmedo Pico ◽

Tony Vyn

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Plant Density ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Nitrogen Accumulation ◽

N Availability ◽

Accumulation Rates ◽

N Accumulation ◽

Whole Plant ◽

N Assimilation ◽

Maize Kernels

Progressive N assimilation by maize kernels may constrain dry matter (DM) accumulation and final kernel weights (KW). We sought to better understand whole-plant and kernel N mechanisms associated with incremental DM and N accumulation patterns in kernels during grain fill. Maize was grown with multiple fertilizer N rates and N timings or plant densities to achieve a wide N availability gradient. Whole-plant DM and N sampling enabled determination of apparent N nutrition sufficiency at flowering (NNIR1) and when linear-fill began (NNIR3). Linear-plateau, mixed-effects models were fitted to kernel DM and N accumulation data collected weekly from early R3. Higher N supply, regardless of application timing or plant density, increased grain-fill duration (GFD) and, more inconsistently, effective grain-filling rate (EGFR). Kernels accumulated DM and N for similar durations. Both final KW and kernel N content increased consistently with N availability mostly because of higher kernel N accumulation rates (KNAR) and duration (KNAD). Both NNIR1 and NNIR3 were positively associated with KNAD and KNAR, and less strongly with EGFR. These results confirm the direct role of kernel N accumulation, in addition to prior NNI, in limiting KW gain rates and duration during grain filling.

Download Full-text

Differential Biomass Accumulation among African Leafy Vegetables as Affected by Wastewater Irrigation in Kitui County, Kenya

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2019/v27i630095 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Judy Mwende Wambua ◽

Shadrack Ngene ◽

Nicholas K. Korir ◽

Winnie Ntinyari ◽

Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Heavy Metals ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Block Design ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Home Gardening ◽

African Leafy Vegetables

Water scarcity of fresh water in Sub-Saharan has led to utilization of the wastewater in home gardening and also in commercial production of vegetables. Wastewater is associated with various substances including nutrients and heavy metals hence it is pertinent to evaluate its effects on growth and yield of vegetables. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of waste water released from the municipal council on the biomass accumulation in African leafy vegetables. Field experiments were carried out in two seasons and one greenhouse experiment. The field trial was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and in the greenhouse the treatments were arranged in Complete Randomized Design (RCD) replicated three times. Four leafy vegetables were the treatments replicated three times. The vegetables were irrigated with waste water. Plant samples were collected at 6 WAP and 12 WAP, partitioned and dried in an oven and later weighed using electronic weighing balance. The findings revealed differences in biomass accumulation into various organs. Black nightshade depicted the highest leaf dry matter in the greenhouse at both 6 weeks after plant (WAP) and 12 WAP (24.62 g and 81.12 g respectively). Cowpea showed the highest increment (7 folds) in leaf weight between 6 to 12 WAP as compared to was paltry 3.6 folds. The highest stem dry weight was obtained in the amaranth species at 6 WAP and 12 WAP both in the greenhouse; recording 32.59 g and 90.12 g respectively. A similar trend was noted in root dry weight and root: shoot ratio. Cowpea had the least biomass accumulation potential across all the parameters in both seasons and in the greenhouse. The increased biomass growth is an indication sufficient availability of nutrient that promoted vibrant plant growth and also less toxicity from the heavy metals. Therefore, waste water can be put into use to enhance improved productivity of African leafy vegetables.

Download Full-text