scholarly journals Differential response of commercial hybrid and open pollinated maize seeds to mechanical damage during seed processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 10738
Author(s):  
Babafemi S. OLISA ◽  
Femi E. AWOSANMI ◽  
Michael S. AKINROPO ◽  
Philip O. OJO ◽  
Khalid ISHIAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Fast Green ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seed Processing ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Seeds

Hybrids and open pollinated varieties (OPVs) are two commercial maize seed types cultivated in Nigeria. Information on their response to mechanical damage during processing is limited. This study is thus aimed at assessing the response of hybrids and OPVs of maize seeds to mechanical damage which would facilitate fabrication of processing facilities suitable for either of the maize types. Six maize varieties: three hybids (‘New Kaduna’, ‘SDM-1’, and ‘JO-195’) and three OPVs (‘Sammaz 15’, ‘Sammaz 27’ and ‘Suwan-1-stry’) were used for the study. The seed samples were subjected to standard germination, seedling vigour analysis, accelerated ageing, conductivity and fast green tests. The result showed that all the hybrid seed varieties had more damaged seeds than their OPVs counterpart. Shoot length and root length were more affected than other parts of the seedling. There were differences in the magnitude of electrolyte leakage as well as in what time each seed type (hybrid or OPVs) passed through the phases with ‘JO-195’ having the highest rate of electrolyte leakage. Hybrid seeds had lower resistance to mechanical damage and poorer storability when compared with the OPVs. In the overall, for all the traits, ‘Sammaz 15’, the best among OPVs was more promising when compared with ‘SDM-1’ which was the best among hybrid varieties. Processing machine equipment and accessories that are suitable for hybrid seeds might be inappropriate for conditioning OPVs.

Influence of Seed Quality Upgrading by Processing Machines in Soybean var. DSb-21

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwanath . ◽  
Ravi Hunje ◽  
Pavan Shinde
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seed Processing ◽  
Gravity Separator ◽  
Size Grading

Background: Soybean is the “Miracle crop” of the 21st century due to its nutritional value and multiple uses. Maintenance of soybean seed quality is a major issue as it is more vulnerable to mechanical damage from harvesting to next sowing. Seed processing.by use of individual or combination of machineries will help in getting physically pure, uniform, healthy sound seeds with enhanced planting value. With the advent of new improved varieties, it is advisable to find out the individual or combination of seed processing machines like air screen cleaner, specific gravity and spiral separator to find out the effective and economical seed processing to get maximum recovery with up-graded quality of seeds.Methods: The seeds of soybean var. DSb-21 were used for seed size grading using different sieve sizes and the good seeds obtained from different size grading were processed through specific gravity separator and the good seeds obtained from specific gravity separator were further processed through spiral separator and the processed seeds obtained from these machine combinations were used to assess the seed quality. The seed processing was carried out at Seed Processing Unit and seed quality studies were carried out in the Seed Quality and Research Laboratory, Seed Unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 2017-18. The experiment was laid in completely randomized design.Result: The influence of sequential processing through seed size grader followed by specific gravity separator and spiral separator on seed quality revealed that, the good seeds obtained from spiral separator after seed grading with recommended sieve size 3.75 mm recorded higher recovery (76.95%), seed germination (89.00%), seedling vigour index (3567) and lower seed mechanical damage (11.67%) followed by 4.00 mm (74.80%, 87.33%, 3418 and 12.33%, respectively) and 4.80 mm (65.64%, 85.00%, 3209 and 13.67%, respectively).

scholarly journals Management and implementation models on seed production of hybrid maize based on labor intensive

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Susilawati ◽  
Twenty Liana
Keyword(s):  
Maize Seed ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Prospective Buyer ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Intensive Program ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
District Government ◽  
Implementation Models ◽  
Hybrid Maize

The production of hybrid maize seeds at the field level can be done by farmers, with the main constraints being limited human resources and capital. For economic recovery during Covid-19 in 2020, the Gunung Mas district government launched a "Cash labor-intensive program" to the community. One of the groups, Sei Kurun farmer group, used it for an innovative and productive hybrid maize seed business. The goal is to grow group as breeder of hybrid maize seed, and empower farmers in a productive and sustainable manner. The method applied is in the form of cooperation and assistance between farmer groups, the Agriculture Service as a partner and prospective buyer of the seeds produced, and AIAT of Central Kalimantan as a companion for the application of technology. The results showed that cash funds for JH 37 hybrid maize seeds can be implemented on 3 hectares, and have produced 1.5 tons of F1 hybrid seeds, which are then sold through the District Agriculture Office program. with a profit of IDR 35,440,000. This farming is feasible with an R/C of 3.08, and becomes a profitable and sustainable farm, as well as a choice of model for using labor-intensive funds.

Harvesting and Threshing Methods on Seed Quality of Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Masilamani ◽  
T. Eevera ◽  
T. Ramesh ◽  
S. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
The Impact

Background: The present investigation is an attempt to study the effect of different harvesting and threshing methods on germination and seedling vigour of dhaincha. The use of a combine harvester to harvest dhaincha will be an effective alternative method that has not been widely tried. However, work on different methods of harvesting and threshing of dhaincha is limited. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the impact of various harvesting and threshing methods on germination and seedling vigour of dhaincha. Methods: This study was conducted at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. The dhaincha crop was harvested and threshed using four different methods viz., manual harvesting and manual threshing, manual harvesting and threshing by tractor treading, manual harvesting and mechanical threshing and harvesting and threshing by combine harvester. The resultant seeds were tested for mechanical damage and germination potential. The experiment was laid in completely randomized block design. Germination was tested by roll towel method using 100 seeds in four replications. Germination percentage, root and shoot length were measured in seven days after sowing from ten randomly selected seedlings in each replication. For the estimation of dry matter production, ten seedlings were selected at random and kept in a hot air oven maintained at 85oC for 24 hours after measuring their root and shoot length and vigour index was calculated. Mechanical damage to seeds was observed by ferric chloride test. Seed recovery per cent was calculated based on the 100 kgs of dhaincha seeds were cleaned and graded treatment wise using cleaner cum grader and the seeds retained on the bottom sieve were weighed and expressed as per cent of total quantity of seed. Result: The results revealed that the significant difference was found among the different harvesting and threshing methods. The seeds harvested and threshed by manual method recorded 85 per cent germination followed by seeds harvested manually and threshed by mechanical threshing (84 per cent) and seeds harvested manually and threshed by tractor treading (80.5 per cent). The lowest germination of 80.0 per cent was recorded by combine harvesting. From this study, it could be inferred that combine harvester is a modern method for harvesting of dhaincha that saves time and labour when compared to all other methods.

scholarly journals Optimization and sensitivity analysis of fast ethanol assay in maize seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damrongvudhi Onwimol ◽  
Thunyapuk Rongsangchaicharean ◽  
Pitipong Thobunluepop ◽  
Tanapon Chaisan ◽  
Wanchai Chanprasert
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Seed Deterioration ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Hermetic Seal

Abstract: The evaluation of seed deterioration is very important to control the quality of the seeds stored. This study aimed to investigate the potential of fast ethanol assay for seed quality assessment of maize stored under different conditions. The first experiment was to determine the incubating temperature, incubating time, and amount of seed used in the assay. The results showed that the best protocol for the detection of headspace ethanol was incubation of 3 g of maize seed with 20% moisture content (wet basis) in a 20 mL gas chromatography vial at 70 °C for 1.5 h. The assay induced approximately 200-700 µg.L-1 of headspace ethanol, which was sufficient to identify seeds with different vigour levels. In the second experiment, the optimal conditions were used for quality assessment in aged maize seed stored for 12 months under different storage conditions. The increase in the ethanol production of stored maize seed under the controlled conditions (15 °C and 20% RH in the hermetic seal) was lower than under ambient conditions. The ethanol production levels of maize seed samples at the start of storage was significantly lesser than at six months storage (p < 0.05). The test limitations in deteriorated seed with different cultivars and ages will be discussed.

Access and Adoption of Hybrid Seeds: Evidence from Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-235
Author(s):  
Nikolaus Axmann ◽  
Torben Fischer ◽  
Kevin Keller ◽  
Kevin Leiby ◽  
Daniel Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Female Farmers ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Plant Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Abstract Adoption of hybrid seeds remains low in many low-income countries. We conduct a field-experiment designed to measure the effect of offering hybrid maize seeds for purchase during a time when potential customers have high liquidity. Working with a large buyer of agricultural commodities in Northern Uganda, we randomly offer smallholder farmers the opportunity to purchase certified hybrid maize seeds at the same time as they visit the buyers’ stores to sell crops from a previous harvest. 16% of those offered purchase hybrid seeds, and average adoption of hybrid maize among those offered increases by 8 percentage points compared to a control group who does not receive the offer. Among those who accept the offer, we see an increase in the propensity to plant hybrid maize of 50 percentage points. This effect is more pronounced for female farmers than for their male counterparts. Our findings suggest that providing access to certified agricultural inputs at the place and time of post-harvest sales is a promising strategy to increase input usage.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN USAHA BENIH JAGUNG TAHAN KERING

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
S.M. Sarwadana ◽  
B.R.T. Putri ◽  
K.K. Dinata
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Seed Corn ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Made In

Activities of science and technology for innovation and creativity campus aims are: (1) thecommercialization of science and technology campus creativity as a source of financing for the developmentof institutions; (2) stimulate the entrepreneurial spirit among beings campus, and (3) help people get seeds ofdrought-tolerant maize varieties. Methods of execution include the business aspects of the planned businessactivities consist of: provision of raw materials, production processes, management, marketing, humanresources, facilities, and financial. The raw material is obtained from units of science and technology fornovation and creativity campus and through partnerships with farmers' seed corn. The production processstarted from seed, sorting, and packaging. Marketing is done directly, partnerships with local governmentsand konsiniasi with kiosk / farm shop. Results show that the activities of science and technology unit forinnovation and creativity campus drought-tolerant maize seed has gone well characterized by supportinfrastructure adequate maize seed production; IbIKK unit operates under the management of PSAgroecotechnology Faculty of Agriculture, University of Udayana; Of investment made in 2014 amountingto Rp. 39,550,000; Result of sales corn seeds turnover in 2014 amounted to 400 kg (Rp. 12 million); and netcash flow amounted to 17,672,400.

Deep Water XLPE Cable With Aluminum Conductor: Risk of Stress Induced Electrochemical Degradation (SIED)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Bengtsson ◽  
Randi Floden ◽  
Torunn Lund Clasen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Electrochemical Degradation ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Water Penetration ◽  
Xlpe Cable ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Key Parameter

One of the challenges with cables in deep waters is the high topside tension caused by the weight of the cable and the risk of overloading the conductor. Keeping the cable weight as low as possible is therefore a key parameter to reach deep waters. One way to reduce the cable weight is to replace the copper conductor in the cable with an aluminium conductor. When using aluminium conductor in a wet design XLPE cable (no water barrier) there is a risk of local corrosion of aluminium that forms porous structures in the inner semiconductor, leading to accelerated ageing of the XLPE insulation. This phenomenon is known as Stress-Induced Electrochemical Degradation (SIED). SIED has so far only been seen in service-aged cables, which had been exposed to external mechanical damage causing water penetration in the conductor. It has also been found that the deterioration of the inner semicon is more severe when the cable is mechanically stressed. In order to learn more about the risk of SIED in a wet XLPE cable an extensive ageing test program has been carried out. This paper summarizes the results from this testing.

scholarly journals Role of seed priming in improving seed germination and seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.) under rain fed condition

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash Shrestha ◽  
Shreena Pradhan ◽  
Jenny Shrestha ◽  
Mahesh Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Maize Varieties

Seed priming enhances early seed emergence and proper crop stand establishment which enables the crop to capture more soil moisture, nutrients, and solar radiation. An on-farm experiment was conducted in Okhaldhunga, Nepal to study the effect of six different priming treatments (50 millimoles common salt solution, 200 millimoles urea solution, 1 percent MOP solution, 2.5 times diluted urine, water, and control) on germination and growth of two maize varieties, Manakamana-3 and Nutan-IL60. The experiment was set up in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Various germination traits: germination percent, seedling vigour, germination index, mean germination time, and seedling growth traits: shoot length, root length, and dry root weight, were studied. Nitrogen-based (Urea and Urine) priming resulted the most desirable change for the studied traits. Nitrogen-based priming also had significant positive effect on stress tolerance related traits like root length and dry root weight.

scholarly journals Physical and metabolic alterations in "Prata Anã" banana induced by mechanical damage at room temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Martins Maia ◽  
Luiz Carlos Chamhum Salomão ◽  
Dalmo Lopes Siqueira ◽  
Rolf Puschman ◽  
Virgílio Jamir Gonçalves Mota Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
The Impact

Bananas respond at the physical and physiological level to mechanical damage. Mechanical injuries cause alterations in color and flavor, tissue softening, faster ripening, increased weight loss, increased invasion of microorganisms, and higher enzyme activity in the affected area. The purpose of this study was to verify the physical and metabolic alterations in 'Prata Anã' bananas induced by mechanical stress at room temperature. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized, split-plot in time design, consisting of one control and four mechanical injury types: cutting, abrasion, impact and compression, sampled over time. The percentage of accumulated and daily fresh weight loss, electrolyte leakage from the injured peel region, total soluble sugar and starch contents and enzyme activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase were measured. The damage caused by cutting and abrasion resulted in the highest percentage of fresh weight loss. All types of mechanical damage increased electrolyte leakage during the evaluation period, in comparison with the control. The impact damage anticipated the ripening, besides affecting the conversion of starch into total soluble sugars in the pulp. By impact and abrasion injuries, the polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activity in the peel was increased by up to 231% and 90%, and 618% and 956%, respectively, compared to the control.

scholarly journals Modelling the vigour of maize seeds submitted to artificial accelerated ageing based on ATR-FTIR data and chemometric tools (PCA, HCA and PLS-DA)

Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e03477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisiane Camargo Andrade ◽  
Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho ◽  
Virgílio Gavicho Uarrota
Keyword(s):  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Chemometric Tools
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