scholarly journals Effluent from local palm oil mill refinery in Nigeria is excessively oily and potentially genotoxic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 10962
Author(s):  
Ebenezer O. DADA ◽  
Mutiu O. SIFAU ◽  
Oreoluwa M. GBEGBE ◽  
Haolat O. IBRAHIM ◽  
Olushola O. ADEFILA
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Palm Fruits

In spite of the fact that the informal, local mills in countries like Nigeria constitute a major portion of the palm oil refinery, adequate attention has not been paid to the quality of the palm oil mill effluent (POME) they generate. In this study, therefore, the physicochemical properties and genotoxic potential of POME generated by a local mill in Nigeria were investigated using the methods prescribed by the American Public Health Association and Allium cepa chromosomal assay, respectively. In addition to the presence of trace/toxic metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu) and high biochemical oxygen demand, POME contained a very high oil and grease concentration of 10,500 mg L-1 as against the maximum limit of 25 mg L-1 prescribed in the Environmental Management Guideline for the Palm Oil Industry. Mitotic activities in A. cepa roots exposed to POME showed that the number of dividing cells and percentage mitotic index generally decreased with increasing POME concentrations. The major chromosomal aberrations induced by POME were sticky, C-mitosis, bridged anaphase, vagrant, and attached chromosomes. However, no chromosomal aberrations were observed in onion roots exposed to water (control). These results indicate that the local refinery from where the POME was obtained is inefficient at recovering oil from palm fibre. The effluent generated by the mill is also a potential pollutant capable of inducing genotoxic and other adverse effects. These results may be typical of many more local palm oil refineries who use mainly manual methods to extract oil from oil palm fruits.

Treatability Studies of Palm Oil Refinery Wastewaters

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Chin ◽  
W. J. Ng ◽  
A. N. Ma ◽  
K. K. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation

Wastewaters from palm oil refineries were treated using physical-chemical and biological treatment systems. Dissolved air flotation (DAF) af ter chemical coagulation and flocculation with lime, alum, and polyelectrolyte removed more than 90% of the influent COD, suspended solids, and oil and grease. Laboratory data compared closely with pilot and full scale plant operating data. Pretreated wastewaters from physical and chemical refining were further treated with the sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). The SBRs allow the control of reaction time and the maintenance of biological solids to be accomplished in a single tank. Laboratory and pilot scale studies showed a high degree of BOD and COD removal efficiencies. Microprocessor-based timers were used to control the operating modes. The cycle times used varied from 8 to 24 hours. The process showed stability under wide variations of organic strength (300 to 2500 mg/l BOD) and loading rates (0. 4 to 2. 0 mg COD/mg MLVSS).

Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Supernatants Using Aerobic Attached–Growth System: Trickling Filter as a Case Study

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah ◽  
Mohamad Hakimi Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd. Omar Ab. Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Kertas kerja ini membincangkan tentang kecekapan penuras cucur dalam merawat supernatan kumbahan kilang kelapa sawit (POME). Supernatan POME diperoleh menerusi dua jenis perawatan. Dalam perawatan 1, pengendapan graviti digunakan untuk menyingkir pepejal boleh mendak. Perawatan 2 digunakan untuk menyingkir pepejal boleh mendak dan gumpalan partikal dengan menggunakan 350 ppm alum. Influen dialurkan secara titisan pada biojisim yang terlekat pada penyokong pepejal rawak PVC setinggi 1 m. Penuras cucur berupaya menyingkir lebih daripada 90.0% dari keperluan oksigen biologi (BOD) dan keperluan oksigen kimia (COD) di bawah 1 m3/m2–hari. Pada 2.53 m3/m2–hari, influen dengan Perawatan 1 menghasilkan kecekapan penyingkiran COD sebanyak 40.3%, berbanding 83.1% bila Perawatan 2 digunakan. Perkara ini berlaku berikutan penyingkiran bahan organik tak boleh resap semasa Perawatan 2. Kecekapan penyingkiran menurun dengan meningkatnya bebanan hidraulik kerana wujudnya kelemahan dalam hidrolisis bahan tak boleh resap kepada substratum larut. Dengan edaran semula (α=1), penyingkiran BOD dan COD yang lebih tinggi dicapai di bawah 7 m3/m2–hari. Pencapaian ini disebabkan oleh bebanan organik yang lebih rendah serta pergedaran semula enzim dan biojisim yang aktif kepada sistem. Perawatan 2 menghasilkan enap cemar yang lebih tinggi kerana penukaran substratum boleh larut kepada biojisim tak boleh larut. Hidrolisis bahan organik tak boleh resap didapati berlaku secara aktif pada bahagian atas penuras cucur sementara bahagian bawahnya cenderung mengoksidakan substratum organik. Kata kunci: POME, turas cucur, bahan organik bolehresap, penggumpalan, alir semula This paper discusses the efficiency of a trickling filter to treat Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) supernatants. POME supernatants were obtained via two treatments. In Treatment 1, gravity sedimentation was used to remove settleable solids. In Treatment 2, both settleable solids and colloidal particles were removed using 350 ppm of alum. The influents were allowed to trickle over biomass attached to 1 m high random PVC solid support. Below 1 m3/m2–day, the filter demonstrated Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiencies of more than 90.0%. At 2.53 m3/m2–day, the influent with Treatment 1 gave a COD removal efficiency of 40.3%, but increased to 83.1% when the influent with Treatment 2 was used. This was ascribed to the removal of non–diffusible organics during Treatment 2. The removal efficiencies decreased with an increase in hydraulic loading due to limitations in the hydrolysis of non–diffusibles into soluble substrates. With recirculation (α=1), higher BOD and COD removals were achieved below 7.0 m3/m2–day, attributed to lower organic loading and the recycling of active enzyme and biomass to the system. The influent with Treatment 2 demonstrated higher sludge production due to higher conversion of soluble substrates into insoluble biomass. Hydrolysis of non–diffusible organics mainly took place at upper reaches of the filter column while lower reaches were involved in oxidizing the organic subtrates. Key words: POME, trickling filter, diffusible organic, coagulation, recirculation

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Vetiver System Technology for Improving the Quality of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negisa Darajeh ◽  
Azni Idris ◽  
Paul Truong ◽  
Astimar Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rosenani Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
System Technology ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Control Sets ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm oil mill effluent (POME), a pollutant produced by the palm oil industry, was treated by the Vetiver system technology (VST). This technology was applied for the first time to treat POME in order to decrease biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In this study, two different concentrations of POME (low and high) were treated with Vetiver plants for 2 weeks. The results showed that Vetiver was able to reduce the BOD up to 90% in low concentration POME and 60% in high concentration POME, while control sets (without plant) only was able to reduce 15% of BOD. The COD reduction was 94% in low concentration POME and 39% in high concentration POME, while control just shows reduction of 12%. Morphologically, maximum root and shoot lengths were 70 cm, the number of tillers and leaves was 344 and 86, and biomass production was 4.1 kg m−2. These results showed that VST was effective in reducing BOD and COD in POME. The treatment in low concentration was superior to the high concentration. Furthermore, biomass of plant can be considered as a promising raw material for biofuel production while high amount of biomass was generated in low concentration of POME.

Effect of Different Mediators on Bio-Energy Generation and Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment in an Air-Cathode Microbial Fuel Cell-Adsorption System

2021 ◽  
Vol 411 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Ivy Ai Wei Tan ◽  
J.R. Selvanathan ◽  
M.O. Abdullah ◽  
N. Abdul Wahab ◽  
D. Kanakaraju
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Adsorption System ◽  
Air Cathode ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) discharged without treatment into watercourses can pollute the water source. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) has gained high attention as a green technology of converting organic wastewater into bio-energy. As an approach to overcome the limitations of the existing POME treatment methods, air-cathode MFC-Adsorption system is introduced as an innovative technology to treat POME and generate bio-electricity simultaneously. However, the use of conventional MFC with proton exchange membrane in large scale applications is restricted by the high cost and low power generation. Addition of mediator in MFC is essential in order to increase the electron transfer efficiency, hence enhancing the system performance. This study therefore aims to investigate the effect of different type of mediators i.e. congo red (CR), crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) on the performance of an affordable air-cathode MFC-Adsorption system made from earthen pot with POME as the substrate. The addition of different mediators altered the pH of the MFC-Adsorption system, in which more alkaline system showed better performance. The voltage generated in the system with CR, CV and MB mediator was 120.58 mV, 168.63 mV and 189.25 mV whereas the current generated was 2.41 mA, 3.37 mA and 3.79 mA, respectively. The power density of 290.79 mW/m3, 568.72 mW/m3 and 716.31 mW/m3 was produced in the MFC-Adsorption system with CR, CV and MB mediator, respectively. The highest POME treatment efficiency was achieved in MFC-Adsorption system with MB mediator, which resulted in biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, turbidity and ammoniacal nitrogen removal of 75.3%, 84.8%, 91.5%, 86.1% and 23.31%, respectively. Overall, the air-cathode MFC-Adsorption system with addition of MB mediator was feasible for POME treatment and simultaneous bio-energy generation.

scholarly journals Acclimatization Study for Biohydrogen Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) in Continuous-flow System

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 02054 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Idris ◽  
N.A. Lutpi ◽  
Y. S. Wong ◽  
T.N. Tengku Izhar
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biohydrogen Production ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Continuous Flow System ◽  
Thermophilic Fermentation ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

This research aims to study the acclimatization phase for biohydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent (POME) by adapting the microorganism to the new environment in continuous-flow system of thermophilic bioreactor. The thermophilic fermentation was continuously loaded with 0.4 L/day of raw POME for 35 days to acclimatize the microorganism until a steady state of biohydrogen production was obtained. The significance effect of acclimatization phase on parameter such as pH, microbial growth, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and alkalinity were also studied besides the production of biogas. This study had found that the thermophilic bioreactor reach its steady state with 1960 mL/d of biogas produced, which consist of 894 ppm of hydrogen composition.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN POTENSI GAS METANA DI PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT SEI SILAU, PTPN3, SUMATERA UTARA

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Irhan Febijanto
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Global Warming Impact ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Water Waste

Water waste in Palm Oil Mill (POM) is not effectively utilized yet. Before waste water discharge from POM, the waste water is processed by an aerobic treatment in several ponds to decrease the influence of organic matter. Methane gas generated in the anaerobic ponds is a Green Gas House giving a contribution to global warming impact. In Palm Oil Mill of Sei Silau located in North Sumatera, the potential generated methane gas in two anaerobic ponds has been investigated using measurement of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of waste water in the sites. Based on the potential generated methane gas, the reduction of GHG emission is calculated, and the feasibility of the project as CDM project was evaluated.Keywords : Pabrik Kelapa Sawit, gas metana, gas rumah kaca, proyek CDM (CleanDevelopment Mechanism),, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)

scholarly journals Enhancement of Biodegradation of Palm Oil Mill Effluents by local Isolated Fungi

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
F T Z Jabeen ◽  
J V Shreevathsa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Physicochemical Quality ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Better Than

This study was designed to investigate the fungi associated with palm oil mill effluent (POME) in Gulur village of Tumkur. Biodegradation of palm oil mill effluents was conducted to measure the discarded POME based on physicochemical quality. The fungi that were isolated are Aspergillusniger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. ochraceus, Rhizopussp, Peniciliumsp and Trichodermavirde. The autoclaved and unautoclaved raw POME samples were incubated for 7 days and the activities of the fungi were observed each for 12 hours. The supernatants of the digested POME were investigated for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), color (ADMI), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) at the end of each digestion cycle. The results showed that the unautoclaved raw POME sample degraded better than the inoculated POME sample and this suggests that the microorganisms that are indigenous in the POME are more effective than the introduced micro-organisms. This result, however, indicates the prospect of isolating indigenous microorganisms in the POME for effective biodegradation of POME. Moreover, the effective treatment of POME yields useful products such as reduction of BOD, COD, and color.

scholarly journals Comparison of Performance of an Intermittent Aeration Membrane Bioreactor and a Conventional Activated–sludge System in the Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Annop ◽  
P. Sridang ◽  
P. Chevakidagarn ◽  
K. Nopthavorn
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Control ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

The main objective was to compare the performances and the removal efficiencies of two biological treatment systems, a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) and a simultaneous activated sludge (AS), for treating Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). Two lab scale units of SMBR and AS with a working volume of 24 L were operated under favorable biological conditions and minimized membrane fouling intensity. To achieve both carbonaceous and nitrogen removal, the cyclic air intermittent and dissolved oxygen control were performed into SMBR and AS with the influent flow rate about 16 L/d respectively. In terms of organic removal and membrane performance, the SMBR showed good removal efficiency to treat high strength wastewater with organic loading variation of POME. The average removal rates of TCOD, BOD, Turbidity, Color, Oil and Grease, NH3–N, TKN were 69±2, 76±2, 100±1, 37±21, 92±6, 67±4 and 75±10% respectively. Results pointed out the benefit of membranes retained totally the active compositions of biomass in each stage of development. The AS showed the limitation of sedimentation phase for sludge and oil separation. The characteristics of sludge in SMBR showed healthy floc formations and good settling after 240 h. The concentrations of COD and BOD in permeate were around 870±53 and 37±13 mg/L.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI LIMBAH PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME) MENGGUNAKAN BIOSENSOR BERBASIS ALGA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dina Maryani ◽  
Lazuardi Umar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) merupakan limbah minyak kelapa sawit yang memiliki kadar Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) dan Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) yang tinggi dan sehingga merusak ekosistem periairan serta menurunkan kadar oksigen terlarut (DO). Namun, POME memiliki nutrisi untuk sel alga dalam memproduksi oksigen. Berdasarkan hal tersebut diperlukan identifikasi POME yang jatuh kebadan air berdasarkan fotosintesis Chlorella sp. menggunakan biosensor. Biosensor telah banyak dikembangkan dalam aplikasi bidang lingkungan dengan melihat kadar oksigen terlarut sebagai kualitas perairan. Penelitian ini menggunakan biosensor dengan prinsip sensor amperometris  tipe Biochip-G. Sensor amperometris mengukur perubahan arus dari reaksi reduksi dan oksidasi dan menghasilkan potensial keluaran yang terukur. Potensial keluaran yang terukur merupakan kadar oksigen terlarut dari penambahan POME terhadap Chlorella sp. ketika proses fotosintesis terjadi. Identifikasi POME berdasarkan proses fotosintesis Chlorella sp. menggunakan cahaya artifisial LED Putih 380 nm-780 nm dengan tingkat variasi konsentrasi POME sebanyak 10%, 20%, dan 30%. Berdasarkan pengukuran kadar oksigen terlarut (DO) menghasilkan nilai DO sebesar 174.15%, 154.66%, dan 138.98% serta nilai sensitivitas sebesar 4mV/%POME.  

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