scholarly journals TECHNICAL AND LEGISLATIVE EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE LEGAL NORMS

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Cristina Buzdugan
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
External Structure ◽  
Legislative Body

If the logical, trichotomic organization of the laws forms its stable internal structure,the technical and legislative body forms its external structure. It is correlated to the celerityrequirements which are included in the legislative system, in different stages of itsdevelopment, and also to the general principles of legal techniques.

Contact-induced restructuring of pronominal morphosyntax in Umpithamu (Cape York Peninsula, Australia)

Diachronica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Verstraete
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
External Structure ◽  
Cape York

This paper analyses the morphosyntactic status of pronouns in Umpithamu, a language from Cape York Peninsula (Australia). The analysis shows that pronominal morphosyntax in Umpithamu deviates from what can be expected historically and typologically, and attributes this to restructuring under the influence of intensive contact with Lamalamic languages, to which it is not closely related. The evidence for contact-induced restructuring combines a clear linguistic case involving a rare morphosyntactic pattern with a rare function, with a well-documented anthropological case for long-standing language contact. The outcome of the process is morphologically hybrid, combining the external structure of enclitic forms with the internal structure of free forms, which testifies to the abrupt nature of the process that was involved.

scholarly journals Internal and External Structure of Ruthenian Letters in Early Modern Lithuania

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Andrej Ryčkov
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
External Structure ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

A thorough analysis of approximately one hundred unpublished and about seventy published letters written by Lithuanian noblemen and the Grand Duke of Lithuania led to a conclusion that there were three distinct types of letters. They represent correspondence between socially unequal as well as equal individuals. The external structure of a letter does not indicate the social differences between the addresser and the addressee. On the one hand, the external structure of a letter did not represent the addressers themselves; first of all, it was relevant for the intermediaries who confirmed the authenticity of the letters, registered the correspondence, and handed in the letters. On the other hand, the format of the seal is not a reliable indicator as well. The Lithuanian nobility, when communicating amongst themselves, sealed their letters with signets, while in correspondences with foreign countries they normally used larger seals. The Salutation (Latin: salutatio) is the element of a letter’s internal structure that is essential for understanding the power and status relation between an addresser and an addressee. Only “partners” of equal status informed each other on their health conditions or asked about each other’s well-being.

Thin Film Surface Morphology Visibility (Double Sources of Secondaries)

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 402-403
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
External Structure ◽  
Thin Film Surface

The continued development of commercial STEM systems in the next few years will have a dramatic impact on all aspects of electron microscopy, particularly as the resolution improves. The STEM system offers us the opportunity for direct computer analysis of image signals of all types, wherein signals produced by characteristic X-rays, photons, electrons will be used in a variety of mixes to produce micrographs of thin films. For example, because larger areas and thicker films can be examined in STEM systems compared to CTEM scopes, it will be commonplace to examine sections of thickness cut for OLM transmission work in the STEM. It will also become increasingly important to produce micrographs of matched internal and external structure; that is, internal structure examined by STEM signals and external structure via SEM topographical signals (secondary and backscatter emission). The examination of thin films in the SEM mode however presents some difficulties in that the depth of penetration of the primary beam is a function of the accelerating 1 voltage (roughly according to where k' and n depend on the material).

scholarly journals The Structural Compression of Kāvyprakāsa and Taṇṭiyalaṅkāra

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
B Uma
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
External Structure ◽  
Time Period

Tolkāppiyam, the first extant work of Tamil grammar covers the descriptions on the ‘Rhetoric Grammar’ (aṇiyilakkaṇam; figures of language) under the chapter simile. Later on, In ‘Vīracōḻiyam’ which is one of the five grammatical thoughts of Tamil, (Eḻuttu, Col, Poruḷ, Yāppu, Aṇi) the rhetoric aspects of the language was described as following Sanskrit work ‘kāviyātarca’. Subsequently, more works such as Taṇṭiyalaṅkāra, Māṟāṉalaṅkāram, Toṉṉūl Viḷakkam, Muttuvīriyam were written based on the Sanskrit rhetorical conventions. Though the rhetoric works in Tamil were written on the basis of Sanskrit rhetoric aspects, it would have been authored in the Tamil context. Considering the requirement of a comparative research to understand this, the present study proposes to analyses the Sanskrit work ‘Kāvyprakāsa’ written in 11thAD and Tamil work ‘Taṇṭiyalaṅkāra’ written in 12thAD. Noteworthy, both the books were authored in the same time period. This work is comparing the structure of the rhetoric grammatical work of kāvyaprakāsa in Sanskrit and Taṇṭiyalaṅkāra in Tamil. Kāvyaprakāsa divided into ten chapter (ullāsa) and comprises three parts, the kārikās (the stanzas), the vrutti (the explanatory prose gloss), and the examples. This book has 143 rules for poetics. Taṇṭiyalaṅkāram is the earliest complete rhetoric grammar of Tamil written by Dandi. He explains ‘Taṇṭiyalaṅkāram’ under ‘Potuvaṇiyiyal’ (common rhetoric), ‘Poruḷaṇiyiyal’ (rhetoric meaning) and ‘Collaṇiyiyal’ (rhetoric terms). I would like to look at the internal structure and external structure of both texts. Internal structure will deals with auspicious verse, purpose of poetry, divisions of poetry, poetry defects, poetry gunās and rhetoric terms. The chapter divisions will be considering as external structures.

scholarly journals Palm Morphology and Anatomy

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Internal Stress ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
External Structure ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Basic Understanding

Palms differ greatly from broadleaf (dicot) and coniferous (Gymnosperm) trees in their overall form and external structure (morphology) and in their internal structure (anatomy). Morphology and anatomy determine how palms grow, function, and respond to external and internal stress factors. This publication provides a basic understanding of how palms are constructed. This 4-page fact sheet was written by T. K. Broschat, and published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, May 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep473

scholarly journals Constitutional and legal mechanism for ensuring the principles of elections of people's deputies of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
S.M. Martelyak ◽  
M.O. Martelyak
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
General Character ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Legislative Body ◽  
High Level ◽  
Legal Mechanism

The authors raise the urgent issue of ensuring the principles of the election of people's deputies of Ukraine proclaimed by the Constitution of Ukraine and national election legislation. It is noted that the principles of elections of people's deputies of Ukraine are a special legal phenomenon, which embodies the fundamental, fundamental ideas that determine the content and procedure for forming a single legislative body in Ukraine, find expression and manifestation in the legal sphere of society and state and are characterized by such features: 1) reflect the conscious and volitional aspects of elections; 2) these are fundamental ideas, guiding rules, which contain defining guidelines of a guiding nature regarding the elections of people's deputies of Ukraine, a guideline in the formation of suffrage; 3) have a general character, they have an inherent element of generalization, elevated above the specifics; 4) express the essence of suffrage as a system of legal norms governing public relations related to the election of public authorities; 5) is a social phenomenon, the property of the democratic development of the world community. The principles of parliamentary elections determine the content of the electoral process and are characterized by a high level of scientific and theoretical validity, historical accuracy and tried and tested in practice, serve as guidelines and coordinates of legal influence on participants in electoral relations. Based on their importance in the formation of a single legislative body of Ukraine, an important issue is their provision through the appropriate constitutional and legal mechanism. Based on the analysis of doctrinal and legal ideas about the mechanism of the state, the mechanism of legal regulation, the legal mechanism, the conclusion of the constitutional and legal mechanism for ensuring the principles of elections of people's deputies of Ukraine is defined by the Constitution and detailed by normative and institutional component, through which the legal influence on public relations on the lawful implementation, protection and defense of the principles of elections of people's deputies of Ukraine is practically carried out. It covers two components: normative (substantive and procedural) and institutional.

The structure of the spine of the spur dogfish (Squalus Acanthias L.) and its use for age determination

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Holden ◽  
P. S. Meadows
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Squalus Acanthias ◽  
The Other ◽  
External Structure

SUMMARYThe external and internal structure of the spines of Squalus acanthias are described. Internally the spines consist of a series of dentine cones laid down one within the other. This series is reflected in the external structure by bands of pigment associated with ridges of enamel. The latter are proved to be annual.The use of the spines for age determination is discussed and the growth parameters and growth curves calculated. The results obtained differ from those of previous authors, whose work is critically discussed.

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Dried and Acid Treated Shells of Difflugia

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
Barry S. Eckert ◽  
S. M. McGee-Russell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Point Method ◽  
External Structure ◽  
Cell Locomotion ◽  
Single Opening ◽  
Scanning Electron

Difflugia lobostoma is a shelled amoeba. The shell is an external structure of considerable mass which presents the animal with special restrictions in cell locomotion which are met by the development of active pseudopodial lobopodia containing, apparently, an organized system of thick and thin microfilaments (Eckert and McGee-Russell, 1972). The shell is constructed of sand grains picked up from the environment, and cemented into place with a secretion. There is a single opening through which lobopods extend. The organization of the shell was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Intact shells or animals with shells were dried by the critical point method of Anderson (1966) or air dried, after primary fixation in glutaraldehyde.

X-ray microtomography

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 998-999
Author(s):  
H.W. Deckman ◽  
B.F. Flannery ◽  
J.H. Dunsmuir ◽  
K.D' Amico
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Individual Element ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Panoramic Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

The internal structure of medullated wool

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
Leo Barish
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Wool Fiber ◽  
Guard Hair ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Thin Skin ◽  
Air Pockets

Although most of the wool used today consists of fine, unmedullated down-type fibers, a great deal of coarse wool is used for carpets, tweeds, industrial fabrics, etc. Besides the obvious diameter difference, coarse wool fibers are often medullated.Medullation may be easily observed using bright field light microscopy. Fig. 1A shows a typical fine diameter nonmedullated wool fiber, Fig. IB illustrates a coarse fiber with a large medulla. The opacity of the medulla is due to the inability of the mounting media to penetrate to the center of the fiber leaving air pockets. Fig. 1C shows an even thicker fiber with a very large medulla and with very thin skin. This type of wool is called “Kemp”, is shed annually or more often, and corresponds to guard hair in fur-bearing animals.

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