Antibacterial Effect of Pulsatilla chinensis towards Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella typhi

Abstract: Endophytic fungi is a species of fungi which lives within plant tissues including leaf’s tissues that also harmless for the host plant itself. Isolates of endophytic fungi have a potent antibacterial capability with broad spectrum. The aim of this research is to know whether there is an antibacterial effect of endophytic fungi which isolated from Avicennia marina leaf towards Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae. The method that is used for the antibacterial activity test, done by putting mycelia of endophytic fungi in combination media that has been smeared with Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae. Based on research that has been done, it obtained two types of endophytic fungi isolated from mangrove plant, Avicennia marina leaf. Both endophytic fungi have potential for inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae, but endophytic fungi with white mycelium has a better antibacterial effect than endophytic fungi with black mycelium and positive control.Keywords: antibacterial, endophytic fungi, mangrove avicennia marinaAbstrak: Jamur endofit merupakan jamur yang hidup di dalam jaringan tanaman salah satunya yaitu dalam jaringan daun dan tidak membahayakan tanaman tersebut. Isolat-isolat jamur endofit memiliki daya antibakteri yang poten dengan spektrum luas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya efek antibakteri jamur endofit daun Avicennia marina terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Shigella dysenteriae. Metode yang digunakan untuk uji antibakteri yaitu dilakukan dengan cara menempelkan miselia jamur endofit pada media agar kombinasi yang telah dioleskan bakteri uji. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan, diperoleh dua jenis jamur endofit yang diisolasi dari daun Mangrove Avicennia marina. Kedua jamur endofit memiliki potensi dalam menghambat kedua bakteri uji tetapi jamur endofit miselium putih memiliki efek antibakteri yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan jamur endofit miselium hitam dan kontrol positif.Kata kunci: antibakteri, jamur endofit, daun avicennia marina

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Antidiarrheal Activity of The Combination of Ethanol Extracts of Turmeric Rhizomes, Gall oak Leaves, Guava Leaves and Meniran Herbs

Jurnal Jamu Indonesia ◽

10.29244/jji.v2i3.38 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 96-101

Author(s):

Sumi Wijaya ◽

Lisa Soegianto

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Shigella Flexneri ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Antidiarrheal Activity ◽

Guava Leaves ◽

Oak Leaves ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

Diarrheal disease is an endemic disease in Indonesia and also a potential disease that can cause death. In practice, the use of traditional medicines derived from plants still being considered by society due to its viability, economic factors and safety reasons. Several plants worked as antidiarrheal agents with the mechanism actions of (1) antibacterial (inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhi); (2) reduced the contraction of intestinal as results in the reduction of pain and the reduction of frequency of defecation or; (3) both mechanism of actions. Thus the purpose of the present study is to evaluate antidiarrheal activity of the combination of plant extracts which have been proved to have antidiarrheal activity. Turmeric (Curcuma domestica) rhizomes, gall oak (Quercus lusitanica) leaves, guava (Psidium guajava) leaves and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) herbs were used for this combination. The purpose of this combination was to minimize the doses (based on literature reviews turmeric at 5% and Meniran 10% inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, meanwhile guava leaves at 150 mg/kg BW and gall oak leaves at 10% reduced diarrhea in animal tested). Maceration was chosen for the extraction method using ethanol 96% as the solvent. Protection and transit intestinal method with loperamide HCl as comparison drug and castor oil for the induction of diarrhea were used for antidiarrheal activity, meanwhile diffusion and dilution methods using, inhibition zones, minimum inhibition concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration parameters were used for antibacterial activity. Tetracycline HCl with the concentration of 30 µg was used for the control. The results revealed that the combination of plant extract with the doses of 200 mg/KgBW (1:1:1:1) reduced diarrhea in mice with relaxation of smooth muscle and showed weak antibacterial effects on Eschericia coli and Staphylococcus aureus but strongly inhibited the growth of Salmonella Typhi.

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Preliminary Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations of Alpinia conchigera Griff. and Plumbago indica L.

Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

10.3329/bpj.v15i2.12581 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 153-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammed Ibrahim ◽

Joy Baura ◽

Torequl Islam ◽

Zilly Homa ◽

M Mohi Uddin Chowdhury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Blastomyces Dermatitidis ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽

Plumbago Indica

Preliminary phytochemical screenings with the crude extractives of Alpinia conchigera Griff. and Plumbago indica L. demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, steroids, saponins and reducing sugars. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of methanol extracts of A. conchigera and P. indica have been evaluated against 4 Gram positive and 7 Gram negative pathogenic bacteria and 7 fungi using ciprofloxacin and fluconazole as standards, respectively, where the extract showed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 15.0 to 27.0 mm. A. conchigera demonstrated significant zone of inhibition against Aspergillus niger, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Bacillus cereus Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei, Vibrio cholerae while P. indica revealed strong inhibitory activity against Candida albicans, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella paratyphi. The MICs of the both plant extractives were found to be 31.25 ?g/ml against B. cereus, S. paratyphi, V. cholerae, A. niger and B. dermatitidis. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the LC50 and LC90 of A. conchigera and P. indica were found to be 6.1 & 12.2 ?g/ml and 5.0 &12.0 ?g/ml, respectively. A significant dose dependent antidiarrhoeal, antimotility and analgesic activities were observed during screening in mice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v15i2.12581 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 15(2): 153-157, 2012

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Microwave assisted extraction, phytochemical and antimicrobial evaluation of ethyl acetate extracts of stem bark of Ficus exasperata (Vahl)

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v25i9.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1569-1573

Author(s):

N.O. Ugbenyo ◽

J.N. Anyam ◽

M.K. Yahaya ◽

L.O. Habib ◽

S. Abdulsalam

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Candida Tropicalis ◽

Proteus Mirabilis ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Streptococcus Pneumonia ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Antimicrobial Evaluation

Stem bark of Ficus exasperata was extracted using ethyl acetate by microwave-assisted solvent extraction. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial evaluation were carried out on the extract. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenes and steroids. Antimicrobial evaluation revealed that the extract is active against Methicillin – resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella dysenteriae, Candida stellatoidea and Candida tropicalis. The zones of inhibition (mm) for the test organisms were (24 - 31) mm. Minimum inhibition concentrations (mg/L) of extract against MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella dysenteriae, Candida stellatoidea and Candida tropicalis were 2.5, 1.25,1.25, 2.5, 1.25, 1.25, 1.25 and 2.5 respectively. Minimum bactericidal concentrations (mg/L) of extract against Methicillin – resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis Shigella dysenteriae Candida stellatoidea and Candida tropicalis were 5, 2.5, 2.5, 5, 5, 2.5,2.5 and 5 respectively. The extract showed high inhibition against MRSA and Candida tropicalis.

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Influence of culturing conditions for optimum antimicrobial metabolite production by Streptomyces fulvoviridis

Chittagong University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/cujbs.v5i1.13371 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 63-75

Author(s):

MM Uddin ◽

MN Mahmud ◽

MN Anwar ◽

MA Manchur

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Active Agent ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Antimicrobial Spectrum ◽

Metabolite Production ◽

Antimicrobial Metabolite ◽

Culturing Conditions

Chili field antagonistic actinomycetes Streptomyces fulvoviridis was isolated and tested for optimum antimicrobial metabolite production. Maximum antimicrobial metabolite production was found at temperature 35°C and pH 8.0 and on 4th day of incubation in shaking condition. The medium consisting of beef extract - 0.75%, peptone - 0.25%, NaCl - 1.5%, KCl - 1.0%, MgCl2 - 1.0%, FeSO4 - 1.0% was screened out as suitable medium for maximum antimicrobial production supplemented individually with four carbon sources of which sucrose was found as the best carbon source. The antimicrobial metabolite was found to be stable at pH and temperature up to 11.0 and 100ºC, respectively. The active agent was best extracted with chloroform. The antimicrobial spectrum of the metabolite was wide and shows activity against - Shigella dysenteriae (AE 14612), Shigella sonnei (CRL, ICDDR, B), Salmonella typhi (AE14296), Vibrio cholerae (AE14748), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRL, ICDDR, B), Bacillus cereus (BTCC19), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538), Bacillus subtilis (BTTC17) and Bacillus megaterium (BTTC18). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v5i1.13371 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 5(1 &2):63-75, 2010

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Liberación de iones sodio y potasio en extracto de Calotropis proceraLinn en determinados microorganismos patógenos

FACSALUD-UNEMI ◽

10.29076/issn.2602-8360vol2iss2.2018pp26-30p ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 26-30

Author(s):

Oluwakemi Sola Asoso ◽

K.O Oladunmoye ◽

A.O Ogundare

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Calotropis Procera ◽

E Coli

Se investigó la tasa de liberación de iones de sodio y potasio para los extractos acuoso, etanólico, metanólico y en acetona de hojas y tallo de Calotropis procera procera L en microorganismos patógenos seleccionados de los géneros de Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Malazzesia furfur ATCC 44349 y sus tipos de aislantes, usando la técnica de fotometría de llama. Se encontró que el extracto acuoso era más efectivo para algunos organismos en la salida de sodio e iones del potasio; mientras que otros extractos con solventes como acetona y metanol, también eran eficaces para otro tipo de organismos. Por ejemplo, la cantidad de sodio liberado por los extractos de tallo, mostró que S. typhi y C. albicans presentaron la mayor cantidad de 23 y 24 mg/ml respectivamente. A diferencia de E. coli, que tuvo la mayor cantidad de sodio liberada de 20 mg/ml por extractos de tallo. La comparación de la cantidad de iones de sodio y potasio liberados por los extractos de la planta con dos antibióticos comerciales (tetraciclina y amoxicilina), mostró que la cantidad de sodio liberado por amoxicilina y tetraciclina de Calotropis procera, usando organismos patógenos seleccionados, fue mayor que la cantidad de iones de potasio liberados.

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Antibacterial effect of methylene-blue activated by laser irradiation with a wave length of 630 nm on the culture of Staphylococcus Aureus

Oftalmologicheskii Zhurnal ◽

10.31288/oftalmolzh2009128891 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (18) ◽

pp. 88-91

Author(s):

N. Pasechnikova ◽

◽

A. Zborovskaya ◽

N. Samoluk ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methylene Blue ◽

Laser Irradiation ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Wave Length

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Synergistic antibacterial combination of Lavandula latifolia Medik. essential oil with camphor

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2020-0051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Nursenem Karaca ◽

Görkem Şener ◽

Betül Demirci ◽

Fatih Demirci

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Broth Microdilution ◽

Antibacterial Effects ◽

Lavandula Latifolia

AbstractCombination of various compounds and essential oils for pharmaceutical formulations withdraw attention. In this present study, it was aimed to evaluate the in vitro potential synergistic antibacterial effect of Lavandula latifolia (spike lavender) essential oil with camphor by using the checkerboard method against the human pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. Pharmacopoeia quality L. latifolia essential oil and racemic camphor were analyzed and verified by GC-FID and GC/MS, simultaneously. In vitro antibacterial activity of essential oil and camphor (MIC range: 0.16–20 mg/mL) and standard antimicrobial clarithromycin (MIC range: 0.125–16 μg/mL) were carried out by broth microdilution against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes standard strains, respectively. Resulting antibacterial effects were evaluated for their fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) as antagonistic, additive and synergistic effects. The analytical results showed that the major component of essential oil was linalool (45.2%) and 1,8-cineole (25.6%). Antibacterial effects of essential oil were determined as MIC 1.25–5 mg/mL. As a result of the experiments, L. latifolia essential oil–camphor combinations were identified as “synergistic (FIC ≤ 0.5), and additive (0.5 < FIC ≤ 1)” in the respective combinations, suggesting further evaluation for formulations for potential antimicrobial applications in food and pharmaceuticals.

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Screening of GABA-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria from Thai Fermented Foods and Probiotic Potential of Levilactobacillus brevis F064A for GABA-Fermented Mulberry Juice Production

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9010033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Jirapat Kanklai ◽

Tasneem Chemama Somwong ◽

Patthanasak Rungsirivanich ◽

Narumol Thongwai

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Monosodium Glutamate ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Fermented Foods ◽

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Fermented Sausage ◽

Gaba Content ◽

Mulberry Juice

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the inhibitory neurotransmitter, can be naturally synthesized by a group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which is commonly found in rich carbohydrate materials such as fruits and fermented foods. Thirty-six isolates of GABA-producing LAB were obtained from Thai fermented foods. Among these, Levilactobacillus brevis F064A isolated from Thai fermented sausage displayed high GABA content, 2.85 ± 0.10 mg/mL and could tolerate acidic pH and bile salts indicating a promising probiotic. Mulberry (Morus sp.) is widely grown in Thailand. Many mulberry fruits are left to deteriorate during the high season. To increase its value, mulberry juice was prepared and added to monosodium glutamate (MSG), 2% (w/v) prior to inoculation with 5% (v/v) of L. brevis F064A and incubated at 37 °C for 48 h to obtain the GABA-fermented mulberry juice (GABA-FMJ). The GABA-FMJ obtained had 3.31 ± 0.06 mg/mL of GABA content, 5.58 ± 0.52 mg gallic acid equivalent/mL of antioxidant activity, 234.68 ± 15.53 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/mL of anthocyanin, an ability to inhibit growth of Bacillus cereus TISTR 687, Salmonella Typhi DMST 22842 and Shigella dysenteriae DMST 1511, and 10.54 ± 0.5 log10 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of viable L. brevis F064A cell count. This GABA-FMJ was considered as a potential naturally functional food for human of all ages.

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