scholarly journals EVALUATION OF DEMOGRAPHIC DATA OF KEBBI STATE NORTH- WEST NIGERIA USING THE NIGERIAN CENSUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
North West

scholarly journals Impact of health service provision on mothers and infants in a rural village in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A Northrop-Clewes ◽  
Nisar Ahmad ◽  
Parvez I Paracha ◽  
David I Thurnham
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
North West ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
North West Frontier Province ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective:The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of the Health Service Research Project of the Pakistan Medical Research Council (PMRC) on mothers and infants in Budhni village, North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan.Methods:Information from the PMRC records on the socioeconomic and demographic situation over the last 10 years and anthropometric measurements made on all infants from 1986–96 were collected and analysed.Results:The demographic data showed a number of changes, namely a reduction in birth rate and improvements in perinatal, neonatal, infant and child mortality rates. Literacy in the village was poor (27 and 39% literate in 1986 and 1996, respectively) and female literacy showed no improvement (14%). Improvements in sanitation and in the water supply introduced by the PMRC had limited success, as clean water was subsequently contaminated by unclean hands and utensils, and 50% of the population continued to use open fields for sanitation. In 1986 only 27% of children 0–5 years were vaccinated, but by 1996, 96% of children had completed polio, diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus (DPT) and bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination programmes and 95% of women of child-bearing age were vaccinated against tetanus. Protection against tetanus reduced neonatal deaths and from 1333 onwards there have been no further cases.Anthropometric data for the period 1986–96 for infants (0–24 months) showed that at birth the majority of infants were close to the 50th National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) centile for weight and length, and only 5% of birth-weights were less than 2.5 kg. Growth charts showed faltering in length and weight and by 24-months length in both boys and girls was below the 3rd NCHS centile and weights were just above.Conclusions:Reductions in child mortality have occurred over the period 1986–96. However, the slow progress in adopting hygienic practices, despite health education, and the low literacy rates, particularly in women, may hamper continued improvement.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Spatial Distribution of Animal Brucellosis in Central Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6903
Author(s):  
Usama Saeed ◽  
Shahzad Ali ◽  
Tooba Latif ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Attaullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Western Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Quality Of Control ◽  
Surface Plot

Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease of animals and humans caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Brucellae are Gram-negative intracellular bacteria which infect a wide variety of animals including goats, sheep, buffaloes, cows, pigs, and wildlife. The objectives of this study were to determine the seroprevalence and spatial distribution of brucellosis in Central Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1083 blood samples of goats, sheep, buffaloes, and cows were collected from 38 villages of four districts (Kasur, Faisalabad, Lahore, and Okara) of Punjab, Pakistan, and screened for brucellosis by Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and PCR confirmed. Epidemiological, demographic data and GPS coordinates for every sample were collected. By using interpolation of the Aeronautical Reconnaissance Coverage Geographic Information System (Arc GIS), a surface plot was generated applying inverse distance weight (IDW). It was found that 35 (3.23%) serum samples were positive for brucellosis. In eight (61.5%), six (75%), seven (87.5%), and eight (89%) villages, positive goats, sheep, buffaloes, and cattle were detected, respectively. In general, older animals are more often positive for brucellosis. In goats bucks were more often RBPT positive than females while in sheep, buffaloes, and cattle more females were positive. The spatial distribution of brucellosis shows that it is widely distributed in the western region of the study area in goats and in the South-West region in sheep. Similarly, for buffaloes it is restricted to the south-east and north-west regions, and in cattle brucellosis is present in western region of study area only. Reflected by this study, brucellosis poses a risk for livestock in developing countries due to lack of awareness by officials, owners, and consumers, and control measures are missing. A risk map of brucellosis was generated to develop effective strategies for awareness rising and to improve the quality of control programs in Pakistan.

Parental satisfaction with health services provided to children with Down syndrome in north-west England: an ENT perspective

2006 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
P S Hans ◽  
A Belloso ◽  
P Z Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
Speech And Language Therapy ◽  
North West ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome

Aims: To evaluate parents' satisfaction with medical and allied health services provided to children with Down syndrome in north-west England, comparing ENT and its allied services with other areas of health service provision.Methods: A questionnaire survey of parents attending a north-west England Down syndrome association conference. Demographic data, departments visited, satisfaction with each service (scored one to five), waiting times for each service (scored one to five), service need (scored one to three) and accessibility (scored one to three) were recorded.Results: Otolaryngology had been used by 50 per cent of children, with a satisfaction of 2.63 (the second worst score). Speech and language therapy was used by 90 per cent of the children, with a satisfaction of 3.26 (the worst score). The service felt to be most needed and also most difficult to access was speech and language therapy.Conclusion: Otorhinolaryngology departments should assess how they can improve their service to this population with specific ENT needs. Speech and language services for children with Down syndrome should be expanded.

scholarly journals An overview of sheep farming features and management practices in the region of south western Peloponnese and how they reflect on milk microbial load

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
E. MANOLOPOULOU ◽  
A. AKTYPIS ◽  
C. MATARA ◽  
P. TSIOMI ◽  
E. KONSTANTINOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
North West ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

In this study the demographic features, various farm characteristics and milk quality parameters were investigated in sheep farms (n =128) from the North West Peloponnese region, using a prescreen questionnaire. The interviewed sheep farmers were under the control of the regional milk control laboratory of the Hellenic Milk Organization ELGO «Dimitra», which provided us with the corresponding milk quality data for the first quarter of 2014. Our findings regarding the demographic data demonstrated that 23% of farmers were 31-40 years old, 64% of them were high school graduates and 28% had received relevant farming general training; namely 17% of them has designated as “young farmers” in the frame of Third Axis of the Operational Program «Rural Development-Regeneration of the Countryside 2000-2006» and 11% have attended briefings by veterinarians and agriculturists. Ιn terms of farm characteristics, it has been revealed that the mean flock size was 148 sheep and regarding the farming system, the majority of the farms (89.15%) applied a mixed extensive / indoors system. Additionally, regarding building infrastructures and the way of milking, there was limited technological penetration, since the buildings were old-style (77%) and the milking procedure was performed by hands (83%). Concerning the milk composition, the measurements showed mean values of (%) content of fat, protein, lactose and non-fat dry matter (NFDM) at 6.54±0.88, 5.56±0.36, 4.59±0.23 and 10.95±0.42, respectively. Furthermore, the mean value of the total bacterial count (TBC) was found 5.38±0.55 log cfu/ml and the pH value at 6.71±0.11. In general, sheep farmers had a good perception of the integrated management and their prospect for sheep farming was optimistic. The impact of this study is that farmers increase their trust to the educational institutions and are prompted to become more receptive to new adaptive trends.

scholarly journals THE EXCAVATION OF PHUM SOPHY 2009-2010: AN IRON AGE SITE IN NORTH-WEST CAMBODIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dougald O'Reilly ◽  
Louise Shewan ◽  
Kate Domett ◽  
Jennifer Newton ◽  
Damian Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
North West ◽  
Preliminary Discussion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
The Village

Excavations were undertaken at the village (<em>phum) </em>of Sophy in Banteay Meanchey Province, north-west Cambodia over two field seasons in two separate areas in 2009 and 2010. The remains of twenty individuals were found in 14 mortuary contexts with individuals interred with a range of burial goods including ceramic vessels, stone and glass beads, iron and bronze artefacts and faunal remains. The site dates to the Iron Age (dates spanning the period c. 87-526 AD) and is surrounded by the ruins of later, Pre-Angkorian temples and their associated ponds. Excavation and research has revealed Sophy to be a prehistoric agricultural village in which the inhabitants exploited a wide-range of habitats and engaged in inter-regional exchange.  The results of these investigations are presented here incorporating a description of the excavation, preliminary discussion of the material assemblage and demographic data obtained from the mortuary contexts.

scholarly journals Intestinal Atresia: Experience at a Busy Center of North-West India

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpi Gupta ◽  
Rahul Gupta ◽  
Soumyodhriti Ghosh ◽  
Arun Kumar Gupta ◽  
Arvind Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anastomotic Leak ◽  
Primary Anastomosis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Intestinal Atresia ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Duodenal Atresia ◽  
North West ◽  
Colonic Atresia ◽  
Duodenal Web ◽  
Time Of Presentation

Objective: To evaluate the presentation, management, complications and outcome of intestinal atresia (IA) managed at our center over a period of 1 year.Materials and methods: Records of patients of IA admitted in our center from January 2015 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data, antenatal history, presenting complaints, location (duodenal, jejunoileal, colonic) of atresia, surgery performed and peri-operative complications were noted.Results: Total 78 cases of IA were included in the analyses. Mean age and weight at the time of presentation was 5.8 days (range 0-50), and 1.9 kg (range 1.1-3.2), respectively. IA included duodenal atresia [DA (32)], jejuno-ileal atresia [JIA (40)], colonic atresia [CA (3)] and atresia at multiple-location (sites) in 3 cases. Ninety percent of patients underwent surgery within 5 to 20 hours of admission. All cases of DA except one underwent Kimura’s diamond shaped duodeno-duodenostomy. One case with perforated duodenal web underwent duodenotomy with excision of web. Seven patients with JIA and CA required primary stoma, while rest were managed by excision of dilated proximal segment and primary anastomosis. Complications included anastomotic leak in 5, proximal perforation in 2, functional obstruction in 7, aspiration pneumonitis in 3, and wound infection in 6 patients. Mean hospital stay for survivors was 11 days. Overall survival was 63%.Conclusion: Late presentation, overcrowding in intensive care unit, septicemia, functional obstruction and anastomotic leak are the causes of poor outcome in our series. Early diagnosis, some modification in surgical technique, use of total parenteral nutrition and adequate investigations for other congenital anomalies may improve the outcome.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers in a large teaching hospital in the North West of England: a period prevalence survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e045384
Author(s):  
Robert John Shorten ◽  
Shonagh Haslam ◽  
Margaret A Hurley ◽  
Anthony Rowbottom ◽  
M Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Teaching Hospital ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bed Days

ObjectivesSince its emergence in late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic that has significantly challenged healthcare systems. Healthcare workers have previously been shown to have experienced higher rates of infection than the general population. We aimed to assess the extent of infection in staff working in our healthcare setting.DesignA retrospective analysis of antibody results, compared with staff demographic data, and exposure to patients with COVID-19 infection.SettingA large teaching hospital in the North West of England.Participants4474 staff in diverse clinical and non-patient facing roles who volunteered for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing by the Roche Elecsys assay between 29 May and 4 July 2020.ResultsSeroprevalence was 17.4%. Higher rates were seen in Asian/Asian British (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.04) and Black/Black British (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.45) staff. Staff working in any clinical location were more likely to be seropositive (OR 2.68, 95% 2.27 to 3.15). Staff were at an increased risk of seropositivity as the ‘per 100 COVID-19 bed-days change’ increased in the clinical area in which they worked (OR 1.12, 95% 1.10 to 1.14). Staff working in critical care were no more likely to have detectable antibodies than staff working in non-clinical areas. Symptoms compatible with COVID-19 were reported in 41.8% and antibodies were detected in 30.7% of these individuals. In staff who reported no symptoms, antibodies were detected in 7.7%. In all staff who had detectable antibodies, 25.2% reported no symptoms.ConclusionsStaff working in clinical areas where patients with COVID-19 were nursed were more likely to have detectable antibodies. The relationship between seropositivity in healthcare workers and the increase in ‘per 100 COVID-19 bed-days’ of the area in which they worked, although statistically significant, was weak, suggesting other contributing factors to the risk profile. Of staff with detectable antibodies and therefore evidence of prior infection, a quarter self-reported that they had experienced no compatible symptoms. This has implications for potential unrecorded transmission in both staff and patients.

scholarly journals Prospective evaluation of causes of infertility at a tertiary care hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3988
Author(s):  
Monica Soni ◽  
Santosh Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
North West ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Infertile Couples

Background: Infertility is defined as the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Worldwide, its prevalence is approximately 8-12%. There are numerous factors such as anatomical, physiological, genetic, environmental and acquired factors that cause infertility. The aim of the present study was to determine the causes and clinical pattern of infertility in infertile couples in North West India.Methods: It was a hospital based observational study carried out on 211 infertile couples in reproductive age group attending infertility clinic of Sardar Patel Medical College and associated PBM Hospital, Bikaner, Rajasthan between September 2016-February 2017. Collection of data was performed by means of a specifically designed questionnaire, which apart from the demographic data also included questions concerning the causes of infertility. Cases of infertility diagnosed after detailed history, clinical examinations and laboratory tests were included.Results: Out of 211 infertile couples, female factor was predominant in 60.18%, male factor in 15.16%, unexplained in 15.16% while a combination of both factors was seen in 9.47% cases in our study. 33.17% women had ovulatory dysfunction diagnosed by menstrual history and ultrasonography. Tubal block was observed in 9.47% infertile women. 6.63% women had hypothyroidism and 1.89% infertile women were diagnosed to have endometriosis. Husband semen analysis was also done to assess male factor. Nearly 5.21% of their male partners suffered from oligospermia, 4.73% had azoospermia and oligoasthenospermia was observed in 3.79% male partners.Conclusions: Predominant cause of infertility can be reported in male or female partner or both so, either partner should be counselled and investigated properly. Our study reports a predominance of female factors as a cause of female infertility but male factors also accounted for a significant number of cases.

Electron Microscopic Examination of a Transplantable Rat Mammary Carcinoma

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
S. Shirahama ◽  
G. C. Engle ◽  
R. M. Dutcher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
North West ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Tissue Specimens

A transplantable carcinoma was established in North West Sprague Dawley (NWSD) rats by use of X-irradiation by Engle and Spencer. The tumor was passaged through 63 generations over a period of 32 months. The original tumor, an adenocarcinoma, changed into an undifferentiated carcinoma following the 19th transplant. The tumor grew well in NWSD rats of either sex at various ages. It was invariably fatal, causing death of the host within 15 to 35 days following transplantation.Tumor, thymus, spleen, and plasma from 7 rats receiving transplants of tumor at 3 to 9 weeks of age were examined with an electron microscope at intervals of 8, 15, 22 and 30 days after transplantation. Four normal control rats of the same age were also examined. The tissues were fixed in glutaraldehyde, postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon. The plasma was separated from heparanized blood and processed as previously described for the tissue specimens. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate followed by lead citrate and examined with an RCA EMU-3G electron microscope.

SEM and TEM observations of sperm development in the testis of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
Daryl A. Cornish ◽  
George L. Smit
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Sem And Tem ◽  
Sperm Development ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
The University

Oreochromis mossambicus is currently receiving much attention as a candidater species for aquaculture programs within Southern Africa. This has stimulated interest in its breeding cycle as well as the morphological characteristics of the gonads. Limited information is available on SEM and TEM observations of the male gonads. It is known that the testis of O. mossambicus is a paired, intra-abdominal structure of the lobular type, although further details of its characteristics are not known. Current investigations have shown that spermatids reach full maturity some two months after the female becomes gravid. Throughout the year, the testes contain spermatids at various stages of development although spermiogenesis appears to be maximal during November when spawning occurs. This paper describes the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the testes and spermatids.Specimens of this fish were collected at Syferkuil Dam, 8 km north- west of the University of the North over a twelve month period, sacrificed and the testes excised.

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