scholarly journals Different slopes of a mountain can determine the structure of ferns and lycophytes communities in a tropical forest of Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
FELIPE C. NETTESHEIM ◽  
ELAINE R. DAMASCENO ◽  
LANA S. SYLVESTRE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cover ◽  
T Test ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Differentiation Pattern ◽  
Community Variation ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Ferns And Lycophytes

A community of Ferns and Lycophytes was investigated by comparing the occurrence of species on different slopes of a paleoisland in Southeastern Brazil. Our goal was to evaluate the hypothesis that slopes with different geographic orientations determine a differentiation of Atlantic Forest ferns and lycophytes community. We recorded these plants at slopes turned towards the continent and at slopes turned towards the open sea. Analysis consisted of a preliminary assessment on fern beta diversity, a Non Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and a Student t-test to confirm if sites sampling units ordination was different at each axis. We further used the Pearson coefficient to relate fern species to the differentiation pattern and again Student's t-test to determine if richness, plant cover and abundance varied between the two sites. There was a relatively low number of shared species between the two sites and ferns and lycophytes community variation was confirmed. Some species were detected as indicators of the community variation but we were unable to detect richness, plant cover or abundance differences. Despite the evidence of this variation between the slopes, further works are needed to evaluate which processes are contributing to determine this pattern.

scholarly journals A Study to Relate Sagittal Condylar Path and Horizontal Incisal Path with Bilateral Balanced Occlusion in Edentulous Subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad D. ◽  
B. Rajendra Prasad ◽  
Anupama Prasad D.
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Centric Relation ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Artificial Teeth ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract Introduction Bilateral balanced occlusion is achieved when there is equilibrium on both sides of the prosthesis, due to the simultaneous contact of the artificial teeth in centric and eccentric occlusion. One of the areas in which research is lacking is the relation between sagittal condylar path (CP) and horizontal incisal path (IP) with optimal balanced occlusion. Materials and Methods Semiadjustable Articulator Artex Arcon AP with Rotofix facebow, 40 µ Bosch articulating paper of red and blue color, protractor, centric and protrusive interocclusal plaster records were used for the study on 50 completely edentulous subjects. Teeth arrangement was done with optimal balanced occlusion, and the numbers of contacts were recorded in centric relation and eccentric positions. Statistical analysis was done by using student’s t test and Karl Pearson coefficient correlation. Results The average sagittal CP was 30.38° in the age group of 40 to 55 years and 32.58° in the age group of 56 to 70 years, and the average horizontal IP was 15.79° in the age group of 40 to 55 years and 16.04° in the age group of 56 to 70 years.Statistically significant results were found between sagittal CP, horizontal IP with bilateral balanced occlusion in the age group of 40–55 years. Conclusion Statistically significant relations were found in balanced occlusion between waxed up denture on articulator, processed denture on articulator and processed denture on articulator after selective grinding. Balanced occlusion is more predictable in a younger group of individuals.

scholarly journals Nurses' leadership styles in the icu: association with personal and professional profile and workload

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Pazetto Balsanelli ◽  
Isabel Cristina Kowal Olm Cunha ◽  
Iveth Yamaguchi Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Nursing Workload ◽  
Comparison Test ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Professional Profile ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

This study aims to explore the association between nurses' leadership styles and personal and professional nursing profile and workload. The sample consisted of seven nurses and seven nursing technicians who were grouped into pairs. At the end of three months, nurses were queried regarding what leadership style would be adopted when the nursing technician under their evaluation delivered care to patients admitted to the ICU. Relevant data was analyzed by applying descriptive statistics, Tukey's multiple comparison test and Student's t-test (p< 0.05). Nursing workload reached 80.1% on average. The personal and professional profile variables did not show any relation with the leadership styles chosen by nurses (p>0.05). The determine, persuade, and share leadership styles prevailed. However, whenever the nursing workload peaked, the determine and persuade styles were used (p<0.05).

scholarly journals Intravesical prostaglandin e2 effectiveness in the prevention of urinary retention after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubo-cervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny: a prospective randomized clinical trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. QUADRI ◽  
N. NATALE ◽  
C. SPREAFICO ◽  
C. BELLONI ◽  
D. BARISANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Urinary Retention ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Intravesical prostaglandin E2 is effective in the recovery of spontaneous voiding after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubocervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of intravesical prostaglandin E2 in the prevention of urinary retention after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubocervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny. STUDY DESIGN: From November 1996 to June 1999 fifty women underwent the Lahodny procedure for moderate/severe cystocele and stress urinary incontinence. Women were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 study groups: intravesical prostaglandin E2 versus controls. Data obtained were analyzed with the Student t test and the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Two patients of the treatment group had to be excluded from the study, one because of the wrong measurement of the post-voidal residual volume and another due to a fastidious burning sensation which appeared immediately after prostaglandin instillation and required the suspension of the treatment. No other side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or hyperthermia were observed. Patients who underwent the prostaglandin E2 treatment showed a recovery of spontaneous voiding after 7.9&plusmn;6.7 days, whereas this interval was significantly longer in the control group, being 12.9&plusmn;9.7 days (p=0.04, Two tailed Unpaired Student's T test). CONCLUSION: The effectiveness and the low associated morbidity mark the treatment with intravesical prostaglandin E2 useful in the recovery of normal voiding after transvaginal pubocervical fascia reconstruction and short arm sling with the procedure according to Lahodny.

scholarly journals Study of Relationship of Anemia among Edentulous Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Lijo Isaac ◽  
A. P. Nirmal Raj ◽  
Reshma Karkera ◽  
R Naveen Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
T Test ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Student’S T Test

Very little studies were done on relationship of the dental status and the nutritional status. The present study was done to study relation between edentulism and the presence of anemia. The study was included of 46 adult patients with edentulism and same numbers of patients were taken as controls. The results were tabulated and analyzed with the help of IBM SPSS statistics 20 using student’s t test. The hemoglobin levels were lower in the edentulous patients that that of the control group. The present study had shown that the nutritional status were poor resulting in anemia in case of edentulous patients as compared to control group with the same age group.  

scholarly journals The influence of proteinuria on tubular transport of Na+, K+, CL

2002 ◽  
Vol 130 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Dejan Petrovic ◽  
Radmila Obrenovic ◽  
Mileta Poskurica ◽  
Biljana Stojimirovic
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tubular Transport ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Functional and structural damages of tubulointerstitium are caused by proteinuria. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different proteinuria levels on Na+, K+, Cl tubular transport. We examined 50 patients (24 males, 26 females), mean age 46.50 ? 13.08 years, with mean creati-nine clearence of 87.29 ? 31.17 mL/min. They were separated in three groups depending on proteinuria value. The first group with proteinuria less than 0.3 g/24h included 19 persons (7 males, 12 females), mean age 45.12 ? 13.28 years, with mean creatinine clearance of 94.27 ? 34.70 mL/min. The second group of 18 patients (8 males, 10 females), mean age 45.39 ? 12.64 years had proteinuria of 0.3-3,0 g/24h and mean creatinine clearance of 90.07 ? 31.89 mL/min. The third group had proteinuria level higher than 3.0g/24h and mean creatinine clearance of 73.25 ? 20.44 mL/min. It included 13 patients (9 males, 4 females), mean age 50.08 ? 13.73 years. As a parameter of proteinuria influence on tubular transport of Na+, K+ and Cl-, fractional excretion of these electrolytes, was studied. Student's T test, Mann Whitney U test and c2 test were used for statistical analysis. No statistically significant influence of proteinuria was found on Na+, K+ and Cl tubular transport.

scholarly journals Πρόγνωση ασθενών με κακοήθεια που εισάγονται στη μονάδα εντατικής θεραπείας

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Σουσάνα Ανίσογλου
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
T Test ◽  
Apache Ii ◽  
Saps Ii ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

ΣΚΟΠΟΣ: Η συλλογή, ανάλυση και επεξεργασία στοιχείων ογκολογικών ασθενών που νοσηλεύθηκαν στη Μονάδα Εντατικής Θεραπείας (Μ.Ε.Θ.) και η συσχέτισή τους με συγκεκριμένους πιθανούς παράγοντες κινδύνου .ΥΛΙΚΟ: Πρόκειται για μία προοπτική μελέτη παρατήρησης (prospective observational) σε δείγμα 125 ογκολογικών ασθενών που νοσηλεύθηκαν στη Μ.Ε.Θ. κατά την τελευταία διετία.ΜΕΘΟΔΟΣ: Αξιολογήθηκαν επιδημιολογικοί, κλινικοί και λειτουργικοί παράγοντες. Ειδικότερα ελέγχθηκαν η πρωτοπαθής νεοπλασματική νόσος, η ηλικία, η παρουσία στεφανιαίας νόσου, χρόνιας αποφρακτικής πνευμονοπάθειας, σακχαρώδους διαβήτη, νεφρικής ανεπάρκειας, ο δείκτης μάζας σώματος, η εφαρμογή χημειοθεραπείας ή και ακτινοθεραπείας, η διάρκεια νοσηλείας, τα score βαρύτητας (APACHE II, SAPS II, SOFA) και η έκβαση (εξιτήριο ή θάνατος) και έγιναν συσχετίσεις με τα προηγούμενα στοιχεία. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε το στατιστικό λογισμικό πακέτο SPSS 17.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) για Windows. Οι συνεχείς μεταβλητές παρουσιάζονται ως μέσοι όροι + τυπική απόκλιση (mean + standard deviation). Για τη σύγκριση των μέσων όρων μεταξύ δύο ομάδων έγινε χρήση του student’s t-test, εφόσον οι μεταβλητές ακολουθούσαν την κανονική κατανομή και του Mann-Whitney U test στην αντίθετη περίπτωση. Για την ανάδειξη συσχετίσεων μεταξύ ποιοτικών μεταβλητών έγινε χρήση του x2 test.ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΑ: Η θνητότητα ανήλθε στο 48.8%. Στατιστικά σημαντικοί παράγοντες κακής έκβασης κατά την εισαγωγή του ασθενούς στη ΜΕΘ ήταν τα score βαρύτητας (APACHE II, SAPS II, SOFA), το πτωχό performance status και τα συνυπάρχοντα σοβαρά νοσήματα. Στατιστικά σημαντικοί παράγοντες κακής έκβασης κατά τη διάρκεια νοσηλείας του ασθενούς στη Μ.Ε.Θ. ήταν η διάρκεια του μηχανικού αερισμού, η χρήση αγγειοσυσπαστικών, η πολυοργανική ανεπάρκεια και η σηπτική κατάσταση. Από τις εργαστηριακές εξετάσεις στατιστικά σημαντικές ήταν ο χαμηλός αριθμός αιμοπεταλίων και η θετική αιμοκαλλιέργεια. Ο στατιστικός έλεγχος αξιολόγησης κατά Hosmer Lemeshow παρά τον σχετικά μικρό αριθμό του δείγματος επιβεβαίωσε τη χρησιμότητα των APACHE II, SAPS II, SOFA ως προγνωστικών μοντέλων.ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ: Η πρόγνωση ογκολογικών ασθενών που εισάγονται στη ΜΕΘ είναι μέτρια. Υπάρχουν σαφείς προγνωστικοί παράγοντες κινδύνου που μπορούν να συνθέσουν ένα είδος προγνωστικού μοντέλου, ωστόσο απαιτούνται περαιτέρω πολυκεντρικές μελέτες με προοπτικό χαρακτήρα σε μεγαλύτερο αριθμό ασθενών.

scholarly journals Craniometric study of the Orbital Index in brazilian skulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Chaves Cardoso FERNANDES ◽  
Patrícia Moreira RABELLO ◽  
Bianca Marques SANTIAGO ◽  
Marcus Vitor Diniz de CARVALHO ◽  
Manoel Raimundo de SENA JÚNIOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Race ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objetive To determine the percentage of correctness of the Orbital Index (OI) for estimation of sex, ancestry and age in Brazilian skulls. Methods Cross-sectional study of 183 human dry skulls from the southeastern Brazil. A total of 100 skeletons were males and 83 females; of which 36 were aged up to 39 years, 60 aged between 40 and 59 years, and 87 aged 60 years or older. As for ancestry, 103 were from white, 51 mixed race, and 29 black individuals. The OI was calculate by the formula = height/width x 100. The data were submitted to Student’s t test, F (ANOVA), Tukey and Kruskal Wallis tests as well as to discriminant analysis, with a 5% significance level. Results The sample was characterized as mesoseme, with a mean age of 56.62 (±19.97) years. No significant difference was observed (p=0.511) between the OI in females (right: 86.43 ± 6.58 and left: 86.70 ± 5.93) and males (right: 85.78 ± 6.69 and left: 86.37 ± 6.20). There were no significant differences between age, ancestry and the variables analyzed (p>0.05). The right and left orbital widths were significantly dimorphic between sexes (p<0.001). The percentage of correctness of the method for estimation of sex, age and ancestry was found to be 65.6%, 43.7%, and 43.6%, respectively. Conclusions The OI is not an appropriate method for estimation of sex, ancestry and estimation of age in this Brazilian sample. The methodology should be expanded to other population groups so that it can be improved.

On the Use of Student's t-Test in an Asymmetrical Population

Biometrika ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 36 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
S. G. Ghurye
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test
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