Factors associated with delay in seeking care by tuberculosis patients

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify social, clinical and behavioral factors of tuberculosis patients that are associated with delay in the search for primary health care. Method: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted with 56 people on treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in the city of Natal, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The data were collected through a structured instrument. The Chi-square and Fisher tests were applied to test the association between independent and dependent variables (search time). A value of p <0.05 was set as statistically significant. Results: No social or clinical variables were statistically associated with patient delays in the search for primary health care. Among the behavioral variables, self-medication and the first health service sought had a statistically significant association with the time for seeking care (p = 0.020, and p = 0.033, respectively). Conclusion: Self-medication contributes to the delay in the search for primary health care by tuberculosis patients.

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Standard drug consumption: a study with elderly people in Primary Health Care

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0729 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Josefa Muriele da Silva Marinho ◽

Karyne Beatriz Almeida de Medeiros ◽

Romário Nóbrega Santos Fonseca ◽

Thiego Santos de Araujo ◽

Wanessa Cristina Tomaz dos Santos Barros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Elderly People ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Medication ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Inappropriate Drugs ◽

Primary Health

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the pattern of medication consumption among the elderly assisted in Primary Health Care. Methods: Descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study, with a sample of 315 elderly people, in a city in rural Rio Grande do Norte. Results: The average age was 72.41 years, with an average consumption of 3.15 medications per day, ranging from 1 to 16 medications daily. There was a prevalence of antihypertensives, antidiabetics, hypolipidemic and psychotropic drugs. 238 different drugs were mentioned, 15 of which were “potentially inappropriate drugs” for the elderly. Most of these patients follow treatment according to medical prescription, with low self-medication. Most elderly people buy their drugs, although many are available for free. Conclusion: The most consumed drugs are consistent with the most reported diseases (hypertension and diabetes). The daily use of inappropriate medications for the elderly is worrying, especially psychotropics, given the risks of dependence or health complications of these users.

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HUBUNGAN UMUR DAN JENIS KELAMIN TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PITC (PROVIDER INITIATED TESTING AND COUNSELLING) PADA PASIEN TB DI KOTA MEDAN TAHUN 2017

Jurnal Profesi Medika Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan ◽

10.33533/jpm.v13i2.810 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sity Kunarisasi ◽

Imran Pambudi ◽

Asri Mutiara Putri ◽

Nurhanifah Hamdah

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Health ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

And Gender

Tuberculosis is a public health issue. Prevalence of tuberculosis in 2017 is estimated 824.000 cases in which making Indonesia the third country in the world with biggest burden TB and the seventh country with biggest burden in HIV-TB. PITC in primary health care is a Health Ministry program. PITC is the only test and counseling to motivated TB patient to get HIV test. The aim of this study is to analyze relationship between age and gender with the success of PITC in TB patients to know the HIV status at Medan in 2017. Method This research is a descriptive-analytic study with cross-sectional approach. the population in this study is TB patients with age 15-49 years old wo had TB diagnosed either with bacteriologic or clinical in primary health care at Medan in 2017. Medan is chosen because Medan is one of eight cities with the highest burden of TB and HIV in Indonesia, also it has complete recording of TB patients. The sample of this study is all TB patients in primary health care at Medan in 2017 who had PITC in total 2.228 from all TB patients in total 5.039 patients. Data analysis using SPSS to search for p value and Odds Ratio (OR). Result 250 of 2.228 (11,22%) patients is positive in HIV test. Statistics analysis using chi-square test shows p value 0.000 (p<0.05) and OR = 1.905 for relationship between gender and HIV test positive. Also, p value of 0,006 (p<0,05) and OR = 1.459 for relationship between age and HIV test positive. In this study with the implementation of PITC in TB patients in primary health care at Medan there is a relationship between sex and age with HIV infection.

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Preventive Behavior Towards Maya Index at DHF Endemic Area

JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN ◽

10.20473/jkl.v13i1.2021.1-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Tiwik Suci Pratiwi ◽

Edza Aria Wikurendra ◽

Ririh Yudhastuti ◽

Yudhied Agung Mirasa

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Community Health Center ◽

Risk Level ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Health ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: Primary health care Putat Jaya is an area with the highest number of DHF cases out of the three primary health care in Sawahan District, Surabaya City. The number of breeding sites for mosquitoes and the density of larvae can be the risk factors that affect mosquitoes’ spread. Maya Index is an indicator to measure the number of water reservoirs used as breeding grounds for mosquitoes. This study aims to analyze behavioral factors towards virtual index in dengue-endemic areas in the Primary health care Putat Jaya Surabaya. Methods: The research used observational type with a cross-sectional design. The population of this study was all houses in the highest endemic. The sample consisted of 100 houses taken randomly, with research variables including mosquito nests eradication behavior and Maya Index status. Data collection used questionnaires and direct observation. The data were presented in the form of distribution tables and statistically analyzed with the chi-square test. Results and Discussion: The results showed the Maya Index of 74 houses in the high category. There was a significant relationship between the respondent’s behavior (knowledge, attitude, action) and the Maya Index. Analysis of the relationship between respondents’ knowledge and Maya Index showed that the p-value = 0.00. Analysis of the relationship between respondents’ attitudes with the Maya Index shows that p-value = 0.02. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the respondent’s actions and the Maya Index with a p-value = 0.03. Conclusion: Based on the results of research, community behavior (Knowledge, Attitude, Action) has a significant relationship with the Maya Index level, and the high virtual index affects the risk level of DHF transmission. Knowledge was the most potential factor that affected the Maya Index. It is suggested that the community will often strive to eradicate mosquito nests independently and regularly as well as increase community knowledge with the help of community health center officers regarding the eradication of mosquito nets.

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Polypharmacy: a challenge for the primary health care of the Brazilian Unified Health System

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.11606/s1518-8787.2017051007136 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (suppl.2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo do Nascimento ◽

Juliana Álvares ◽

Augusto Afonso Guerra Junior ◽

Isabel Cristina Gomes ◽

Micheline Rosa Silveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Health System ◽

Emergency Services ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inappropriate Use ◽

Unified Health System ◽

Primary Health ◽

Main Challenge

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the polypharmacy in primary health care patients and to identify its associated factors. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, exploratory, and evaluative study, part of the Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos – Serviços, 2015 (PNAUM – National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines – Services, 2015). The variable of interest was polypharmacy, defined as the use of five or more medicines. We sought to identify the association of sociodemographic variables and indicators of health conditions to polypharmacy. For group comparison, the Pearson’s Chi-square test was used. The association between polypharmacy and explanatory variables was evaluated by logistic regression model (p < 0.05). The quality of the adjustment was verified by Hosmer-Lemeshow test. RESULTS: The prevalence of polypharmacy among medicine users was 9.4% (95%CI 7.8–12.0) in the general population and 18.1% (95%CI 13.6–22.8) in older adults above 65 years old. We found statistically significant association between polypharmacy and age above 45 years, lower self-perception of health, presence of chronic diseases, having health insurance, care in emergency services, and region of the Country. South users presented the highest chances to polypharmacy. The most used medicines were those of the cardiovascular system, being compatible with the national epidemiological profile. CONCLUSIONS: Polypharmacy is a reality in the population met within the primary care of Brazilian Unified Health System and may be related to excessive or inappropriate use of medicines. The main challenge to qualify health care is to ensure that prescription of multiple medicines be appropriate and safe

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Hubungan Antenatal Care terhadap Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 0-24 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Seberang Padang Tahun 2019

Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia ◽

10.25077/jikesi.v1i3.62 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 246-253

Author(s):

Nurul Ramadhini ◽

Delmi Sulastri ◽

Dolly Irfandi

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Health ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Latar Belakang. Stunting atau disebut juga dengan kerdil adalah keadaan dimana tinggi badan anak tidak sesuai dengan usianya dikarenakan kekurangan asupan gizi pada saat didalam kandungan dan awal kehidupan. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya stunting pada anak adalah riwayat antenatal care ibu selama hamil. Objektif. Mengetahui hubungan antenatal care terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita berusia 0 – 24 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Seberang Padang tahun 2019. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional pada 79 anak usia 0-24 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Seberang Padang yang dipilih melalui simple random sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi square. Hasil. Penelitian dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi buku KIA serta hasil pengukuran panjang badan anak menggunakan infantometer. Prevalensi stunting (13,9%), sebagian besar ibu memiliki kunjungan antenatal care lengkap (19,4%) dan mendapatkan kualitas antenatal care yang baik (15,8%). Nilai signifikansi kunjungan antenatal care 0,325 dan kualitas antenatal care 0,720. Simpulan. Antenatal care tidak berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kejadian stunting karena p>0,05. Kata kunci : pemeriksaan rutin selama hamil, kerdil, puskesmas, balita 0-24 bulan. Background. Stunting or also called dwarf is a condition where the height of the child does not match his age due to lack of nutritional intake at the time during pregnancies and early life. One of the factors that influence stunting in children is a history of maternal antenatal care during pregnancy. Objective. To determine the relationship of antenatal care to the incidence of stunting in infants aged 0-24 months in the working area of Seberang Padang Primary Health Center Care in 2019. Methods. This research was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design in 79 children aged 0-24 months in the working area of Seberang Padang Primary Health Care which was selected through simple random sampling. Data analysis was performed with the chi square test. Results. The research was conducted by interviews and observations of maternal and child health books and the results of measurements of children's body length using an infantometer. The prevalence of stunting (13.9%), most mothers have complete antenatal care visits (19.4%) and get good quality antenatal care (15.8%). The significance value of antenatal care visits is 0.325 and the quality of antenatal care is 0.720. Conclusion. Antenatal care is not significantly related to the incidence of stunting because of p>0.05. Keywords : antenatal care, stunting, primary health care, toddlers 0-24 month.

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PERBEDAAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU HAMIL TENTANG TOKSOPLASMOSIS

JAMBI MEDICAL JOURNAL Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan ◽

10.22437/jmj.v8i1.9487 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 47-53

Author(s):

Betta Kurniawan ◽

Jhons Fatriyadi Suwandi ◽

Dwirahmi Arniamantha

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Health ◽

Knowledge Levels ◽

Obstetric Clinic

ABSTRACT Background: Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by protozoan Toxoplasma gondii which has complex life cycle in warm-blooded organisms, including human as intermediate hosts and cats as definitive hosts. This infection transmits through orofecal, blood transfusion, organ transplantation from infected donors and vertically from mothers to the fetus per placenta. High rate of seroprevalency among pregnant women shows the importance of educating pregnant women about toxoplasmosis and the preventive behaviours. This study purpose is to determine the differences of knowledge levels and behaviours about toxoplasmosis between pregnant women in Kemiling Primary Health Care and obstetric clinic in Bandar Lampung. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study with cross-sectional approachment using questionairs as the instrument of the study. The number of subjects in this study is 106 pregnant women. Statistic analysis that is used is Chi Square Test. Results: The good knowledge levels and behaviours in Kemiling Primary Health Care is 22,6% while in the obstetric clinic it reached 75,5%. As the result of bivariate analysis, the p value is 0,001. Conclusions: In conclusion, there is a significant difference of knowledge levels and behaviours about toxoplasmosis between pregnant women in Kemiling Primary Health Care and obstetric clinic in Bandar Lampung. Keywords : behaviour, knowledge, pregnant women, toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Toksoplasmosis adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh protozoa Toxoplasma gondii yang memiliki siklus hidup kompleks pada organisme berdarah panas, termasuk manusia sebagai hospes perantara dan kucing sebagai hospes definitif. Infeksi ini menular secara orofekal, transfusi darah, transplantasi organ dari pendonor yang positif terinfeksi atau juga terjadi pada saat kehamilan dari ibu ke janin melalui plasenta. Tingginya tingkat prevalensi toksoplasmosis pada ibu hamil menunjukkan pentingnya edukasi bagi ibu hamil untuk meningkatkan pengetahuannya tentang toksoplasmosis dan perilaku pencegahannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil tentang toksoplasmosis di Puskesmas Kemiling dan klinik spesialis di Bandar Lampung. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai instrument penelitian. Jumlah subjek pada penelitian ini yaitu sejumlah 106 ibu hamil. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah Uji Chi Square. Hasil: Tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap yang baik sebesar 22,6% di Puskesmas Kemiling dan sebesar 75,5% di klinik spesialis kandungan di Bandar Lampung. Hasil analisis bivariat didapatkan p value sebesar 0,001. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil tentang toksoplasmosis di Puskesmas Kemiling dan klinik spesialis kandungan di Bandar Lampung. Kata Kunci : ibu hamil, pengetahuan, sikap, toksoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii

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Adherence to tuberculosis treatment in Primary Health Care: perception of patients and professionals in a large municipality

Escola Anna Nery ◽

10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2017-0075 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aline Ale Beraldo ◽

Rubia Laine de Paula Andrade ◽

Nathália Halax Orfão ◽

Reinaldo Antônio da Silva-Sobrinho ◽

Érika Simone Galvão Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Treatment Schedule ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Written Information ◽

Tb Treatment ◽

Primary Health

Abstract Objective: Analyze the actions developed in Primary Health Care (PHC) to promote adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment in the perception of patients and nursing team. Methods: Cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted at the PHC of Campinas-SP, through structured interviews with 18 corresponding questions on the perception of professionals (183) and patients (165). Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used. Results: Actions such as the promotion of autonomy and time for the patient to talk about doubts and concerns, guidance to seek information in books and/or on the Internet on the disease, and for the family to perform TB tests, undergo directly observed treatment, schedule monthly consultations, delivery of written information on treatment and incentive were actions more perceived by the professionals than patients reported receiving. Conclusions: The identification of gaps in the offer of actions for adherence to TB treatment can help health services to change and improve the practice and the epidemiological scenario of the disease.

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Availability of essential medicines in primary health care of the Brazilian Unified Health System

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.11606/s1518-8787.2017051007062 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (suppl.2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo do Nascimento ◽

Juliana Álvares ◽

Augusto Afonso Guerra Junior ◽

Isabel Cristina Gomes ◽

Ediná Alves Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Health System ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Congenital Syphilis ◽

Essential Medicines ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Unified Health System ◽

Primary Health

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the availability of tracer medicines in pharmaceutical services in primary health care of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional and evaluative study, part of the Pesquisa Nacional Sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos – Serviços, 2015 (PNAUM – National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines – Services, 2015). To analyze the availability of medicines, we verified 50 items selected from the Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (Rename – National List of Essential Medicines) of 2012. Observation scripts were applied to medicine dispensing services in the primary health care. Interviews were carried out with patients, health care professionals, and public managers, using semi-structured questionnaires. The availability index was presented as the percentage of health units where the medicines were available. For statistical analysis, absolute, relative, and mean frequencies were presented (with 95% confidence intervals). The comparison of groups was carried out by Pearson Chi-square tests or variance analysis, when needed. RESULTS: One thousand, one hundred, and seventy-five observation scripts were filled in a national representative sample composed by 273 cities. Statistically significant differences were observed regarding the type of unit, infrastructure, and presence of a pharmacist between regions of Brazil. The average availability of tracer medicines in primary health care was 52.9%, with differences between regions and sampling strata. This index increased to 62.5% when phytotherapic medicines were excluded. We found limited availability of medicines for treatment of chronic and epidemiological diseases, such as tuberculosis and congenital syphilis. CONCLUSIONS: The low availability of essential medicines purchased centrally by the Brazilian Ministry of Health indicates deficiencies in supply chain management. The different views on the availability of tracer medicines in SUS confirm the general availability verified in this study. Among patients, about 60% said they obtain medicines in SUS units, data consistent with the lack of medicines reported by medicine dispensers and in line with physicians’ evaluations

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Patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services in Brazilian primary health care

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.11606/s1518-8787.2017051007145 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 21s ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Orlando Mario Soeiro ◽

Noêmia Urruth Leão Tavares ◽

José Miguel do Nascimento Júnior ◽

Augusto Afonso Guerra Junior ◽

Ediná Alves Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Patient Satisfaction ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Pharmaceutical Services ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patient’S Satisfaction ◽

Primary Health ◽

Chi Square Test

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services in Brazilian primary health care. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, exploratory, and evaluative study on a representative sample from the five Brazilian geopolitical regions resulting from the Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos – Serviços, 2015 (PNAUM – National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines – Services, 2015). The outcome was the patient’s satisfaction, obtained using the item response theory. Associations were tested using Pearson’s Chi-square test with sociodemographic and health variables, and multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to verify the adequacy of the final model. Logistic regression results were presented as odds ratio. RESULTS: The overall percentage of patients satisfied with these services was 58.4% (95%CI 54.4-62.3). The “opportunity/convenience” aspect had the lowest satisfaction percentage (49.5%; 95%CI 46.4-52.6) and “interpersonal aspects,” the highest percentage (90.5%; 95%CI 88.9-91.8), significantly higher than other aspects. Sex, age group, limitations due to disease, and self-perception of health remained associated in the final multiple logistic model regarding general satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the interviewed users were satisfied with pharmaceutical services in Brazilian cities, and the satisfaction with the customer’s service was determinant in the patient’s overall satisfaction

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Automedicação e Saúde Pública: dimensionamento dos fatores de risco e comportamentos de saúde

Saúde e Pesquisa ◽

10.17765/2176-9206.2021v14supl.1.e9370 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ((Supl. 1)) ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Julia Arruda Batista ◽

Artênio Jose Isper Garbin ◽

Bruno Wakayama ◽

Artênio Jose Saliba Garbin ◽

Orlando Adas Saliba Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Adult Population ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Self Medication ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Health ◽

Data Collection Instrument

This study characterized and measured self-medication in adult population, as well as identified possible associations between lifestyle and risk factors for the use of over-the-counter medications. This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional study, carried out in the primary health care of a city in Brazil. The data collection instrument was a semi-structured survey grouped into thematic blocks. The statistical analysis included a bivariate analysis and a binomial logistic regression provided the statistics. Of the 537 participants, 42.83% reported having used medication without a prescription in the last 15 days. There were associations between the dependent variable and migraine (OR = 3.347); current pain (OR = 2.189); use of medications under the influence of family members (OR = 2.431); not reading drugs’ leaflet (OR = 1.682); and lack of leisure activities (OR = 4.335). A significant part of users of primary health care self-medicated.

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