scholarly journals Executive functions and emotion regulation in substance use disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Bandeira Formiga ◽  
Melyssa Kellyane Cavalcanti Galdino ◽  
Selene Cordeiro Vasconcelos ◽  
Jayston W. J. Soares Neves ◽  
Murilo Duarte da Costa Lima
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Use Disorder ◽  
Multiple Substance ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

ABSTRACT Objective The executive functions (EF) and emotion regulation (ER) and their relationship with the substance use disorder (SUD) were analyzed. Methods A cross-sectional design was used. The sample consisted of 130 volunteers divided into three groups: group 01 (n = 60), composed of participants who did not meet the diagnostic criteria for any type of SUD; group 02 (n = 51), with users with alcohol and/or tobacco use disorder; group 03 (n = 19), with users with multiple substance use disorder, including at least one illicit substance. Results Group 02 presented worse performance in EF and ER when compared to group 01, and showed a significant correlation between the working memory and the use of maladaptive ER. Group 03 showed great losses in EF and ER when compared to the other groups. Conclusion This study supports the idea that EF, ER and SUD are related. In addition, it was observed that people with SUD had worse performance in EF and ER when compared to people without SUD, greater damage being observed in people with SUD of polysubstances.

Music-based emotion regulation and healthy and unhealthy music use predict coping strategies in adults with substance use disorder: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
pp. 030573561985452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adaptive Coping ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Coping

While many people use music for emotion regulation, there is a dearth of empirical inquiry investigating if music-based self-regulatory factors correlate with and predict coping in adults with substance use disorder (SUD). The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to explore music-based emotion regulation, healthy and unhealthy music use, and coping strategies in adults with SUD on a detoxification unit via correlational and multiple regression analyses. Participants ( N = 194) completed the Brief Music in Mood Regulation Scale, the Healthy-Unhealthy Music Scale, and the Brief COPE. Correlations and multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine which music-based emotion regulation factors were related to and predicted coping. There were a plethora of significant relationships between music-based factors and coping. Regression results indicated that solace predicted acceptance and entertainment predicted venting. Healthy music use predicted active coping and humor, while unhealthy music use predicted venting, denial, behavioral disengagement, and self-blame. Generally, unhealthy music use predicted maladaptive coping while healthy music use predicted adaptive coping. As music use is common for people with SUD, it seems that music-based emotion regulation training may have the possibility to augment adaptive coping skills with the ultimate goal of increasing the likelihood of recovery.

scholarly journals Substance Use and Mental Illness among Women Admitted in a Rehabilitation Center in Jos, Nigeria: A 5-Year Profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
CN Nwoga ◽  
DD Dapap ◽  
AY Armiya'u ◽  
MD Audu ◽  
SG Goar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Main Diagnosis ◽  
Rehabilitation Center ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Substance ◽  
Significant Health

Substance use disorder are among the most common public health problems caused by using legal and/or illegal substances. Therefore, this study is aimed at reviewing a five-year profile of women admitted at a rehabilitation center in Jos, Nigeria for substance use and mental illness. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out on 183 females admitted between 2012 and 2017 at a rehabilitation center in Jos, Nigeria. Data collection was carried out from documents note of these female participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. The mean age of the participants was 38.515.3 years. Almost half of the participants were within the age bracket of 20 – 29 years and married (45.9%). Depressive disorder (36.1%) was the commonest mental disorder in the studied participants. Among those abusing substances, multiple substance use (12.6%) was the most prevalent with alcohol use disorder (9.3%) the main diagnosis among those with substance use disorder. According to the result almost half of the studied participants were young, married and educated females. Depression and multiple substance abuse with alcohol the main drug of abuse was a cause for concern in this population. This portrays significant health and economic consequences and the need for urgent action.

scholarly journals Long-Term Substance Use Can Cause Irreversible Photopic Vision Changes in Substance Use Disorder in Remission

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043
Author(s):  
Oguzhan Bekir Egilmez ◽  
Mehmet Hamdi Orum ◽  
Ali Kustepe ◽  
Ayse Sevgi Karadag ◽  
Aysun Kalenderoglu
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Photopic Vision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multiple Substance ◽  
The Mean

Objective Substance use has such effects on pupil diameter. Although there is knowledge about the acute effects of substances on pupils, studies showing their chronic effects are limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of long-term substance use on scotopic, mesopic, and photopic vision.Methods The present study with cross-sectional desgn was conducted at the Adiyaman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry in Adiyaman. This study involved 110 substance use disorder (SUD) patients and 46 healthy volunteers as the control. The parameters were measured and recorded automatically by a device.Results The mean age was 23.44±5.53 years in the SUD group and 24.26±5.38 years in healthy controls (p=0.420). The mean age of onset of the substance was 17.74±3.89 years and the mean duration of substance use was 3.54±2.9 years. It was determined that the patients had not used any substance for a mean of 121.73±117.49 days. There was no significant difference between patient and control groups in terms of scotopic and mesopic measurements of both eyes (p>0.05). Photopic measurements were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (p<0.05). Photopic measurements were significantly higher in the opioid, cannabis, ecstasy, and multiple substance use groups than in the control group (p<0.05).Conclusion The most important topic of this study is that photopic vision is permanently impaired in patients with a history of chronic substance use. This was attributed to disrupted sympathetic-parasympathetic hierarchy.

Optical Coherence Tomography findings in patients with Multiple Substance Use Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Müberra Kulu ◽  
Yakup Özarslan ◽  
Filiz Ozsoy ◽  
Oğuz Karamustafalıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Multiple Substance

scholarly journals Associations between psychoactive substance use and sensation seeking behavior among drivers in Norway

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnhild Elén Gjulem Jamt ◽  
Hallvard Gjerde ◽  
Håvard Furuhaugen ◽  
Giovanni Romeo ◽  
Vigdis Vindenes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Polydrug Use ◽  
The North ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Sensation Seeking Scale

Abstract BackgroundDrug use and risky driving is associated with sensation seeking. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between use of psychoactive substances and levels of the sensation seeking personality trait as measured with the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale 4 among drivers in Norway. MethodA cross-sectional design was applied to estimate the association between psychoactive substance use and sensation seeking behavior. Drivers in normal traffic were included in two roadside surveys: one in the north (September 2014 – October 2015) and the other in the south-east of Norway (April 2016 – April 2017). Oral fluid was analyzed for alcohol and psychoactive drugs, and data on sex, age and time of participation were recorded. Participants filled in the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale 4 questionnaire. ResultsA total of 8053 drivers were included, of which 32% were women and 62% were under 40 years. The prevalence of alcohol was 0.3%, stimulants 0.6%, tetrahydrocannabinol 1.4% and benzodiazepines and/or z-hypnotics 2.0% and polydrug use 0.6% Associations between the use of tetrahydrocannabinol or benzodiazepines and/or z-hypnotics and a low score on the “thrill and adventure seeking” domain of the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale 4 (OR = 1.723, 95% C.I. = 1.001- 2.966, p = 0.05) were found. Associations were also found between the use of stimulants and the highest scores on the “experience seeking” (OR = 2.085, 95% C.I. = 1.084-4.009, p = 0.028) and “disinhibition” (OR = 4.791, 95% C.I. =1.748-13.135, p = 0.002) domains of the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale 4. No associations were found between sensation seeking behavior and alcohol or polydrug use. ConclusionA high degree of sensation seeking was found among drivers who had used stimulants, in contrast to drives who had used tetrahydrocannabinol and benzodiazepines and/or z-hypnotics who showed a low degree of sensation seeking. The combination of sensation seeking behavior and the use of stimulants might lead to increased risky behavior and thus traffic crashes.

scholarly journals Effect of Core Mass and Alloy on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Different Nickel-Titanium Endodontic Instruments in Matching Artificial Canals

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5734
Author(s):  
Sebastian Bürklein ◽  
Lennart Zupanc ◽  
David Donnermeyer ◽  
Karsten Tegtmeyer ◽  
Edgar Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Core Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Impact

Instrument failure during root canal preparation is still a concern among endodontists. However, it remains unclear whether the use of more martensitic alloys or the cross-sectional design parameters (i.e., core mass) significantly improve fracture resistance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of core mass and alloy on dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments in matching artificial canals at body temperature. Two groups were tested. (A) taper 0.04: F360 (Komet, Lemgo, Germany), Twisted file (Sybron Endo, Glendora, CA, USA) (=TF), JIZAI (Mani, Tochigi, Japan) (=J_04) (all size #25) and the variable tapered TruNatomy (Dentsply, Ballaigues, Switzerland) (size #26) (=TN). (B) size #25; taper 0.06: (Mtwo (VDW, Munich, Germany), JIZAI (Mani) (=J_06), and variable tapered Hyflex EDM OneFile (Coltene Whaledent, Altstätten, Switzerland) (=HF). Time, number of cycles to fracture (NCF), and number and length of fractured fragments were recorded and statistically analysed using ANOVA Student-Newman-Keuls, Kruskal–Wallis or Chi-square test (significance level = 0.05). (A) TN showed the significantly shortest time until fracture, followed by TF, F360 and J_04 which also differed significantly, while NCF showed the following order: F360 < TN < TF < J_04 (p < 0.05). Only one J_04 but all instruments of the other groups fractured within the test-limit of 10 min. (B) Mtwo was significantly inferior concerning time until fracture and NCF, compared to J_06 and HF (p < 0.05), which did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). While all Mtwo instruments fractured, only four instruments failed in the other groups (p < 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, alloy and cross-sectional design (i.e., core mass) were critical factors regarding instrument failure, but none of these factors could be determined as a main parameter for increased or decreased time, and cycles to fracture. Rather, it seemed to be the interaction of multiple factors (e.g., longitudinal and cross-sectional design, alloy, and rotational speed) that was responsible for differences in the time and cycles to fracture. Nonetheless, all instruments had lifetimes that allow safe clinical use. However, the superiority or inferiority of an instrument with regard to cyclic fatigue based on laboratory results—even when identical trajectories are guaranteed—may be considered questionable, as the characteristics and design parameters of the instruments vary considerably, and the experimental setups lack additional clinical parameters and thus clinical relevance.

scholarly journals DO TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE CORRELATE WITH THE JOB SATISFACTION?: A STUDY ON EMPLOYEES’ PERCEPTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Diajeng Puspa Arum Maharani ◽  
Firda Nadia Roshandi
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Employee Turnover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Support Work

Background: The Orthopaedic and Traumatology Hospital had an increase in employee turnover of 1.39% from January to June 2012. It occurred due to high resignation and employee unsatisfaction. Thus, an organizational culture that consists of clan, hierarchy, market, and adhocracy becomes one of the determinant factors for employee turnover.Aims: This study aims to analyze the correlation between organizational culture and the employees’ job satisfaction.Method: This study used descriptive quantitative with a cross-sectional design, and the data were analyzed with a correlation test. There were 52 employees as the data of this study. The instruments utilized were OCAI and JSS questionnaires.Results: Market-type organization correlated significantly with job satisfaction. Organizational culture type, such as clan-type organization, adhocracy-type organization, and the hierarchy-type organization did not correlate significantly with job satisfaction. The majority of employees perceived that the Orthopedic and Traumatology Hospital adopts a hierarchy-type organization orienting to regulation and leadership. On the other hand, they expected the hospital to apply clan-type organizations that concerned about teamwork and ownership.Conclusion: There is a correlation between the market-type organization and job satisfaction. Meanwhile, there is no correlation between the clan-type organization, adhocracy-type organization, hierarchy-type organization, and job satisfaction. The hospital should increase internal strength, such as teamwork, training, facilities, and policies that support work procedures and staff.Keywords: market, adhocracy, clan, hierarchy, employees’ job satisfaction.

Functional performance in activities of daily living of individuals with a dual-diagnosis of schizophrenia and substance-use disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1367-1367
Author(s):  
M. Desormeaux-Lefebvre ◽  
B. Tallant ◽  
I. Gelinas ◽  
N. Lariviere
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Cross Sectional

IntroductionResearch on functional performance of individuals with schizophrenia and substance use is limited, focusing primarily on cognitive impairments. Research findings are conflicting, making it difficult to understand how these individuals function despite their cognitive impairments. There is a need to use performance-based assessments to understand how individuals with a dual-diagnosis accomplish their daily living activities.AimsTo describe the functional performance of individuals with a dual-diagnosis in two activities of daily living, using a performance-based assessment.ObjectivesTo compare the functional performance of individuals with a dual-diagnosis, in grocery shopping and budgeting.MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study included ten participants with a dual-diagnosis of schizophrenia and substance-use disorder, aged 21 to 35, living independently in the community. They were evaluated on two tasks, budgeting and grocery shopping, using the Perceive-Recall-Plan-Perform (PRPP) system of task analysis (Chapparo & Ranka, 2005). The PRPP is a standardized criterion-referenced task-based assessment, and is valuable in describing individuals’ community functioning with regards to information-processing difficulties. Substance use was evaluated with the Addiction Severity Index (McLellan et al., 1989).ResultsPreliminary results indicate lower scores on both tasks, in the planning quadrant of the PRPP, particularly the evaluating sub-quadrant, which involves cognitive monitoring and appraisal processes. This trend occurs despite the participant's prior familiarity with tasks. Conclusions: This study is a first step in describing the functional performance of individuals with a dual diagnosis of schizophrenia and substance use in activities of daily living. This information will lead to improved rehabilitation for these clients.

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