GROUPING OF CATINGUEIRA GENOTYPES BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to obtain information about the characteristics of Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) through morphological characters. We have analyzed eleven genotypes of P. pyramidalis, at least 100 meters far apart among themselves, located in the municipalities of Santa Teresinha and Castro Alves, in the State of Bahia, Brazil. The genotypes were identified with aluminum plaques, georeferenced, evaluated according to their height and diameterat ground level, number of tillers per plant and fruit production. One hundred fruits for each genotype were collected and measured relative to their length, width (in the proximal, medial and distal positions), thickness and number of loci.Analyses have been performed: descriptive, Pearson correlation between the variables in addition to the cluster analysis for qualitative variables and subsequent clustering to define the genetic diversity among the species genotypes using the Euclidean average linkage and a cutoff point as an "NbClust" package. The results showed variability among genotypes, with the formation of eleven major groups of genetic dissimilarity. The largest genetic distances are among the G7ST and the G1ST genotypes located in the municipality of and the G1CA and the G8ST genotypes in the municipalities of Castro Alves and Santa Teresinha. The variable with the greatest contribution to divergence was the one with the number of tillers.

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Effect of Climate and Habitat on Morphological Characteristics and Fruit Production of Picralima Nitida (Stapf) in West Africa

10.21203/rs.3.rs-878443/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ghislain Comlan AKABASSI ◽

Elie Antoine Padonou ◽

Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo ◽

Noël Zirihi Guede

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Natural Forest ◽

Home Gardens ◽

Suitable Habitat ◽

Habitat Types ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

Abstract Picralima nitida is an important African medicinal plant species used in pharmaceutical industries and traditional medicine to treat several diseases. Despite its importance, the species faces conservation problem. This study evaluated the effect of climate and habitat on morphological characteristics and fruit production of P. nitida. A total of 132 fruiting trees was randomly sampled from three habitat types (home gardens, botanical garden and natural forest) and three soils (Nitisols, Arenosols and Acrisols) in Dahomey Gap and Guineo-Congolese zone. A total of 5 morphological traits and fruit production were recorded per tree to describe the relationship between morphological determinism of the species and climate. Pearson correlation was performed to identify the suitable habitat type in each climatic zone. Harmonized World Soil Database was used to determine physicochemical characteristics of the soil types on which the species occurred. Results revealed that the climatic zones (p < 0.001) and habitat types (p < 0.0001) influenced significantly the morphological characteristics and fruit production of P. nitida. High trees with more number of fruits were observed in home gardens on acid soils (Nitisols (pH: 5) and Arenosols (pH: 5.3)) in Dahomey Gap. In Guineo-Congolese zone, the species was more present in natural forest on acid Acrisols (pH: 5).

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Morphological and essential oil variations among Iranian populations of Salvia chloroleuca (Lamiaceae)

Biosystems Diversity ◽

10.15421/011932 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 233-237

Author(s):

S. M. Talebi ◽

S. Behzadpour ◽

A. Matsyura

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Oxygenated Compounds ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Morphological Variables ◽

The One ◽

Two Populations

Salvia chloroleuca Rech. f. & Aell. is one of the perennial species of the Lamiaceae family in Iran, which has antimicrobial and antitumoural properties. In the current research, the morphological variables and hydrodistilled essential oils of two populations, from Polor and Neyshabur, of this species were evaluated. We studied 10 and 40 individuals for morphometrics and essential oils, respectively. Morphological data were analyzed using SPSS. Furthermore, the extracted oils were analysed using GC and GC/MS. The qualitative morphological characteristics were stable between the populations, while the quantitative ones highly varied. The one-sample variance test revealed significant differences for most of the studied features. The yielded oil highly differed between these populations. The first and second main groups of compounds were the same for both populations, but with different percentages. However, the third and fourth main groups of compounds were not similar. Furthermore, the main compounds of essential oil differed between the studied populations. The major compounds of the Polor population were: β-pinene (22.7%), α-pinene (18.3%), germacrene D (7.7%) and sabinene (6.6%). However, spathulenol (19.8%), bicyclogermacrene (11.4%), p-cymene (10.8%) and β-pinene (10.4%) constituted the major compounds of the Nyshabur population. In total, the Neyshabur population had higher amounts of sesquiterpene and oxygenated compounds than the other population. The results indicated that in this species the quantitative morphological characters and essential oils were strongly affected by environmental factors.

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Morphological variation of lactuca serriola l. achenes as a function of their geographic origin

Acta Botanica Croatica ◽

10.2478/botcro-2013-0020 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 232-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eva Křístková ◽

Aleš Lebeda ◽

Alžběta Novotná ◽

Ivana Doležalová ◽

Tomáš Berka

Keyword(s):

Body Length ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Local Populations ◽

Lactuca Serriola ◽

Length Width ◽

Sufficient Variation ◽

Beak Length

Abstract The morphological characteristics of achenes of Lactuca serriola represented by 34 local populations from Slovenia and 12 local populations from Sweden were studied in relation to their eco-geographical conditions. In total, eight quantitative morphological characters were evaluated: length and width of achene body; index length/width of achene body; number of ribs on achene body; length of beak; length of pappus bristles; pappus area and discus diameter. NestedANOVAanalysis indicated significant differences in length and width of achene body, length of pappus bristles, and pappus area between Slovenian and Swedish populations. Achenes from Slovenia were longer, wider and possessed longer pappus bristles than achenes from Sweden. Among geographical factors, latitude had the greatest impact on the morphological characters evaluated. Significant differences in seven parameters were also found between populations within countries and between samples within populations. It is probable that this variation has a genetic basis with sufficient variation within populations to permit continued selection.

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Variability in leaf morphological characters of Valeriana officinalis L. and V. alternifolia Ledeb

Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Биология»=Bulletin of Perm University. Biology ◽

10.17072/1994-9952-2021-1-18-25 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 18-25

Author(s):

D. A. Khaliullin ◽

◽

M. M. Ishmuratova ◽

A. R. Ishbirdin ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Related Species ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Leaf Length ◽

South Urals ◽

Index Number ◽

Valeriana Officinalis ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Wide Range ◽

Length Width

Presents the results of a comparative morphological analysis of the variability of 9 quantitative and quali-tative characteristics of the leaf (length, width and index of the leaf, the number (or number of pairs) of leaf lobes, length, width and index of the lateral leaf lobe, the number of denticles along the edge of the leaf lobe, leaves in a sample with entire and toothed edges of the leaf blade) of closely related species Va-leriana officinalis L. and V. alternifolia (Bunge) Ledeb. Samples of 7 cenopopulations of V. officinalis (South Urals) and 5 cenopopulations of V. alternifolia (Central Yakutia) served as the material for the analysis. In both species, the levels of variability of morphological traits of the leaf are not lower than the average, predominantly increased, the least variable trait is the number of pairs of leaf lobes. In the sam-ple of V. alternifolia, the prevailing frequency of occurrence of leaves with a certain number of leaf lobes is not expressed; most values fall within a wide range from 11 to 17 pcs. (5-8 pairs) leaf lobes; in the sample of V. officinalis, there is a pronounced peak in the number of leaf lobes equal to 16 pcs. (8 pairs), most of the leaves fall in the range from 14 to 18 pcs. (7-9 pairs) leaf lobes. Valeriana alternifolia is characterized by relatively small leaves with 5-8 pairs of narrow lobes, mostly whole-edged. Valeriana officinalis is characterized by relatively large and elongated leaves with 7-9 pairs of relatively wide lobes with several denticles along the edge. To differentiate closely related species, the following quantitative morphological characteristics of a leaf can be reliably used: length, width and index, number of leaf lobes, length, width and leaf lobe index.

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Inheritance of Some Morphological Characteristics of Parental Lines in Mustard-Rape Hybrid

Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS ◽

10.36710/ioc-2020-29-03 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 23-30

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Hybrid Plant ◽

Distant Hybridization ◽

Degree Of Dominance ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Row Width ◽

The Difference

Distant hybridization is known to play an important role in expanding the gene pool of any crop. It is believed that the combination of different genomes in one nucleus, as a rule, is accompanied by the phenomenon of “genomic shock”, resulting in a variety of genetic and epigenetic changes. This provides a wealth of material for the selection of genotypes adapted to different environmental conditions. Interspecific hybrids in different combinations were obtained in the genus Brassica, however, until now, interest in distant hybridization in this genus has not died out, since such important crops as rapeseed and mustard demand an improvement of many important agronomic traits. The aim of this work was to study the degree of manifestation of morphological characters of a leaf, flower, and plant as a whole in the hybrid obtained by crossing of brown mustard of the variety Slavyanka and a collection specimen of spring rape. Seeds were sown in the spring of 2019 in a field with 30 cm row width. During the flowering period a number of morphological characters of a flower, leaf, and the whole plant were analyzed. Each parameter was evaluated with 10 plants. The degree of dominance in first-generation hybrid was calculated by the formula of Beil, Atkins (1965). The dominance coefficients were not determined in the case when the difference between the parental samples was insignificant. Differences between parental samples were determined by Student t-test. The level of heterosis was calculated according to the formula of Rasul et al (2002). In a mustard-rapeseed hybrid, the size of the leaves of the lower row was inherited by the type of rapeseed, which had larger leaves than mustard. The height of the hybrid plant was inherited by the type of mustard (hp = 1.32, Ht = 4.89%), and intermediate inheritance was observed for the length of the internodes (hp = -0.48). The size of the flower petals and sepals was inherited by the type of rapeseed, and significant heterosis was observed for the length of the pistil (Ht = 33.57%). The data obtained are of interest for understanding the interaction of genes of different genomes in the genus Brassica.

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New Species and New Records of Sponge-Inhabiting Barnacles (Cirripedia, Balanidae, Acastinae) from Australia

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13070290 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 290

Author(s):

Andrew M. Hosie ◽

Jane Fromont ◽

Kylie Munyard ◽

Diana S. Jones

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

New Records ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Similar Species ◽

Diverse Group ◽

Undescribed Species

The subfamily Acastinae contains a diverse group of barnacles that are obligate symbionts of sponges and alcyonacean and antipatharian corals. Integrating morphological and genetic (COI) data to compare against known species, this paper reports on nine species of sponge-inhabiting barnacles of the subfamily Acastinae, including three undescribed species (Acasta caveata sp. nov., Euacasta acutaflava sp. nov., and E. excoriatrix sp. nov.) and three species previously not recorded in Australian waters (A. sandwichi, Pectinoacasta cancellorum, and P. sculpturata). The new species are distinguished from similar species by a suite of morphological characters as well as genetic distances. A lectotype for Pectinoacasta cancellorum is designated. Sponge hosts were identified for all specimens where possible and are represented by 19 species from eight families and five orders.

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A Novel GIS-Based Approach for Automated Detection of Nearshore Sandbar Morphological Characteristics in Optical Satellite Imagery

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13112233 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 2233

Author(s):

Rasa Janušaitė ◽

Laurynas Jukna ◽

Darius Jarmalavičius ◽

Donatas Pupienis ◽

Gintautas Žilinskas

Keyword(s):

Satellite Imagery ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Unsupervised Classification ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Multi Scale ◽

Medium Resolution ◽

Wide Range ◽

Position Index ◽

Local Relief ◽

Length Width

Satellite remote sensing is a valuable tool for coastal management, enabling the possibility to repeatedly observe nearshore sandbars. However, a lack of methodological approaches for sandbar detection prevents the wider use of satellite data in sandbar studies. In this paper, a novel fully automated approach to extract nearshore sandbars in high–medium-resolution satellite imagery using a GIS-based algorithm is proposed. The method is composed of a multi-step workflow providing a wide range of data with morphological nearshore characteristics, which include nearshore local relief, extracted sandbars, their crests and shoreline. The proposed processing chain involves a combination of spectral indices, ISODATA unsupervised classification, multi-scale Relative Bathymetric Position Index (RBPI), criteria-based selection operations, spatial statistics and filtering. The algorithm has been tested with 145 dates of PlanetScope and RapidEye imagery using a case study of the complex multiple sandbar system on the Curonian Spit coast, Baltic Sea. The comparison of results against 4 years of in situ bathymetric surveys shows a strong agreement between measured and derived sandbar crest positions (R2 = 0.999 and 0.997) with an average RMSE of 5.8 and 7 m for PlanetScope and RapidEye sensors, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed approach implies its feasibility to study inter-annual and seasonal sandbar behaviour and short-term changes related to high-impact events. Algorithm-provided outputs enable the possibility to evaluate a range of sandbar characteristics such as distance from shoreline, length, width, count or shape at a relevant spatiotemporal scale. The design of the method determines its compatibility with most sandbar morphologies and suitability to other sandy nearshores. Tests of the described technique with Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI data show that it can be applied to publicly available medium resolution satellite imagery of other sensors.

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Phylogeny and biogeography of midwife toads (Alytes, Discoglossidae): a reappraisal

Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde ◽

10.1163/26660644-06604006 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 257-262

Author(s):

Cristian R. Altaba

Keyword(s):

Data Base ◽

Saline Lakes ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Sister Species ◽

Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽

Allozyme Data ◽

Taxonomic Treatment ◽

Discrete Character ◽

Break Up ◽

The One

The allozyme data base of Arntzen & García-París (1995) on midwife toads (Alytes, Discoglossidae) is reanalysed considering each locus as a discrete character. The phylogeny thus inferred differs from the one obtained with genetic distances in the position of A. dickhilleni from the Betic region – it appears that its sister species is the widespread A. obstetricans, not the Mallorcan endemic A. muletensis. This phylogenetic hypothesis agrees with the taxonomic treatment of the genus based on morphology. A testable biogeographic hypothesis is proposed to account for the diversification of midwife toads in Iberia and the Balearics. The postulated underlying geological changes were the spread of inland saline lakes that divided Iberia (16 mY B.P.), the emergence and break-up of the Betic orogen (14 mY), and the formation of the Betic Strait (8 mY). Dispersal over sea channels or during the Messinian Crisis (6 mY) are deemed unlikely on the basis of ecological and biogeographical data.

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Biochemical Systematics, Biogeography and Evolutionary Rates in Species of the Mediterranean Genus Tyrrhenoleuctra (Plecoptera, Leuctridae)

Insect Systematics & Evolution ◽

10.1163/187631204788920211 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 299-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

◽

J. M. Tierno de Figueroa ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

North Africa ◽

Evolutionary Rate ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Western Mediterranean ◽

Similar Distribution ◽

Undescribed Species ◽

Vicariance Event ◽

Definition Of

AbstractThe western Mediterranean stonefly genus Tyrrhenoleuctra traditionally includes 3 species: T. minuta (Spain, North Africa, Balearic Islands), T. tangerina (Spain, North Africa), T. zavattarii (Corsica and Sardinia). Since the traditional morphological characters display great and overlapping variation, allozyme electrophoresis was used to clarify taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships within the genus and to discuss biogeographical implications. The results clearly discriminate at least four entities: the Corso-Sardinian unit, for which the name T. zavattarii can be used; the Balearic population, representing an undescribed species; at least two Iberian peninsular species. However, more data on topotypic populations are needed to define the taxonomic status of the Iberian species (including definition of the currently used names T. minuta and T. tangerina). The presence of Tyrrhenoleuctra in Sardinia and Corsica is likely due to an old vicariance event following separation of the Sardinia-Corsica microplate from the Iberian Peninsula. Calibration of the molecular clock (genetic distances vs. Corso-Sardinian plate split from Iberia) resulted in a very low evolutionary rate (0.008 D/my), lower than those found in taxonomically distant groups (including stoneflies) with similar distribution.

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Sleeping under Trees at Night is not Healthful; Sleeping during the Day is Healthful – Forming CO (CO2) and their Dissociation

10.26434/chemrxiv.14573442.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mubarak Ali

Keyword(s):

Carbon Atom ◽

Oxygen Atom ◽

Oxygen Concentration ◽

Ground Surface ◽

Ground Level ◽

Graphitic Carbon ◽

Field Variation ◽

Gaseous State ◽

Sustainable Environment ◽

The One

A carbon atom keeps a non-preserved behavior because of converting into another state. This character makes it adjacently coincide with oxygen atom when it is in the gaseous state. A field variation develops for the day and night. On having the suitable interaction of photons with leaves in daytime, pieces of arc-shaped energy are made. To get the ground surface, the pieces of arc-shaped energy become empty due to the highest value of gravity at ground level. On sunset, empty pieces of arc-shaped energy fill with the force having the levitating nature, so they start flying to gather under the tree roof. Such filled force pieces develop the affinity in adjacently coinciding atoms of gaseous carbon and oxygen. At certain behavior of force, the downward ends of filled force pieces enter into the suitable unfilled states of gaseous atoms adhering the binding of C - O or O - C - O. So, a large number of CO and CO2 molecules develops under the tree roof, which is not good for breathing during the night. In the morning, an arc-shaped energy breaks the affinity in CO and CO2 molecules by giving back the filled force. As a result, the molecules dissociate into the atoms. To get the ground surface, the dissociated gaseous carbon atoms converted into graphitic carbon before noon. So, the oxygen concentration during sunshine increases under the tree roof thereby improving the breathing level of the one resting in the shadow. So, COVID-19 patients can take advantage of the raised level of oxygen. But, it is not useful to rest under the tree roofs at night. How the plantation of trees can be essential for a sustainable environment helps build remarkable procedures and is being discussed here.

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