scholarly journals Association of violence in schools’ vicinity and smoking in schools’ premises with tobacco use among Brazilian adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Crispim Boing ◽  
Antonio Fernando Boing ◽  
S. V. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
School Environment ◽  
School Health ◽  
School Level ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Smoking Behaviors ◽  
Individual Covariates ◽  
The Individual

Abstract: This study aims to quantify the overall importance of schools in explaining the individual variance of tobacco use and to test the association between characteristics of the school environment and its vicinity with the experimentation and current use of cigarettes. We analyzed data from 102,072 Brazilian adolescents interviewed in the 2015 National School Health Survey (PeNSE). Multilevel logistic regression models were performed to estimate the between-schools variance and to test the association between school-level variables and the use of tobacco. Violence in the vicinity of the school and presence of teachers or students smoking on school premises were the school-level characteristics. The analyses were adjusted by individual covariates and stratified by gender. Around 12.5% of the individual variance in ever smoking was explained by between-school variation among girls (9.2% among boys). The figures were even higher for current smoking (14.9% girls; 12.2% boys) and current use of other tobacco products (27.7% girls; 17.8% boys). In general, the use of tobacco was associated with the existence of violence in the vicinity of the schools and was higher among students whose schools reported that students and teachers (teachers only for use of other tobacco products among girls) smoke on school premises. Tobacco use on school premises and the safety of the neighborhood where the school is located are associated with some smoking behaviors among adolescents. Such findings reinforce the necessity to effectively consider interventions in the school environment and neighborhood to fight smoking among adolescents.

scholarly journals How important is school environment in explaining individual variance of health behaviors?

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Antonio Fernando Boing ◽  
SV Subramanian ◽  
Alexandra Crispim Boing
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
School Context ◽  
School Level ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
School Based ◽  
National School ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Leisure Physical Activity

We analyzed data from the National School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) carried out in Brazil in 2015 (n = 102,072 adolescents) to estimate how much of the individual variance in the prevalence of health behaviors is attributable to the school level. Multilevel logistic regression models were calculated to estimate the variance partitional coefficient (VPC) of the use of drugs, intake of unhealthy food, leisure physical activity and weight-related behaviors. The between-schools variance was significant in all tested models. The highest VPCs were observed when the use of drugs was analyzed (15%-20% of the total variance of smoking and use of illegal drugs). Lower, but still significant, values were observed in the other outcomes. The school context plays an important role in the adolescents’ health and should be considered in the design of public policies and actions in public health.

scholarly journals Electronic cigarettes: the solution or yet another phase of the tobacco epidemic?

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Catherine O Egbe ◽  
Charles DH Parry ◽  
Bronwyn Myers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
The Individual

Tobacco use is the single largest preventable cause of death globally. For years, the tobacco industry sought to create a tobacco product that is less controversial than conventional cigarettes. Electronic cigarettes were created out of the supposed need to supply consumers of tobacco products with a less harmful tobacco product. The question remains, is it really less harmful for consumers of traditional cigarettes and other tobacco products to switch to electronic cigarettes? This article takes a closer look at the overall harm in relation to benefits of using electronic cigarettes for the individual and public health and the unintended negative consequences the introduction of electronic cigarette has had on overall public health. Given the evidence that the use of electronic cigarettes is a gateway to the use of other tobacco products especially among adolescents, we view electronic cigarettes as having the potential to cause a rebound of the tobacco use glut which the global public health community has been succeeding in reversing. We therefore support the World Health Organization’s suggestion that electronic cigarettes should be regulated as other tobacco products since there is, as yet, no harmless tobacco product. In the same vein, we view the new Tobacco Products and Electronic Delivery Systems Bill seeking to regulate electronic cigarettes in South Africa as other tobacco products as a step in the right direction.

scholarly journals Educação em saúde sexual e reprodutiva do adolescente escolar

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurilo De Sousa Franco ◽  
Maryanna Tallyta Silva Barreto ◽  
José Willian De Carvalho ◽  
Pallysson Paulo Da Silva ◽  
William Caracas Moreiras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
School Environment ◽  
School Health ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
School Context ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
School Level ◽  
Adolescent Students

Objetivo: relatar a experiência de estudantes do Curso de Enfermagem na implementação de intervenções educacionais para a promoção da saúde sexual e reprodutiva do adolescente escolar. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, desenvolvida a partir das seguintes etapas: 1) Capacitação discente; 2) Apresentação do Projeto de Pesquisa; 3) Diagnóstico situacional no contexto escolar; 4) Seleção das temáticas; 5) Planejamento de estratégias e abordagens e 6) Execução e avaliação. As informações foram discutidas em concordância com a literatura. Resultados: notou-se a carência no conhecimento dos adolescentes escolares acerca da temática da saúde sexual e reprodutiva, entretanto, a intervenção no ambiente escolar mostrou ser um ambiente promissor para o processo de educação em saúde realizado, sobretudo, pelo enfermeiro no âmbito da Estratégia Saúde da Família com outros profissionais da saúde e da educação. Conclusão: enfatiza-se a necessidade de atividades no âmbito escolar a fim de promover o conhecimento e adoção hábitos e práticas saudáveis que impactem e assegurem aos estudantes riscos mínimos de injúrias à saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Descritores: Educação em Saúde; Promoção da Saúde; Serviços de Saúde Escolar; Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva; Saúde do Adolescente; Enfermagem.AbstractObjective: to report the experience of Nursing Course students, in the implementation of educational interventions for the promotion of the sexual and reproductive health of adolescent students. Method: it is a descriptive study, of related experience type, developed from the following steps: 1) Student training; 2) Presentation of the Research Project; 3) Situational diagnosis in the school context; 4) Selection of themes; 5) Planning strategies and approaches and 6) Execution and evaluation. The information was discussed in accordance with the literature. Results: there was a lack of knowledge among adolescent students about the theme of sexual and reproductive health, however, the intervention in the school environment proved to be a promising environment for the health education process carried out, above all, by nurses within the scope of the Strategy Family Health with other health and education professionals. Conclusion: the need for activities at the school level is emphasized to promote knowledge and adoption of healthy habits and practices that impact and ensure students the minimum risk of injury to sexual and reproductive health. Descriptors: Health Education; Health Promotion; School Health Services; Sexual and Reproductive Health; Adolescent Health; Nursing. ResumenObjetivo: reportar la experiencia de los estudiantes del Curso de Enfermería en la implementación de intervenciones educativas para la promoción de la salud sexual y reproductiva del adolescente escolar. Método: es un estudio descriptivo, tipo de informe de experiencia, desarrollado a partir de los siguientes pasos: 1) Capacitación de estudiantes; 2) Presentación del Proyecto de Investigación; 3) Diagnóstico situacional en el contexto escolar; 4) Selección de temas; 5) Planificación de estrategias y enfoques 6) Ejecución y evaluación. Las informaciones fueron discutidas de acuerdo con la literatura. Resultados: hubo una falta de conocimiento entre los adolescentes escolares sobre el tema de la salud sexual y reproductiva, sin embargo, la intervención en el entorno escolar demostró ser un entorno prometedor para el proceso de educación sanitaria llevado a cabo, sobre todo, por el enfermero dentro del alcance de la Estrategia Salud Familiar con otros profesionales de la salud y la educación. Conclusión: se enfatiza la necesidad de actividades a nivel escolar para promover el conocimiento y la adopción de hábitos y prácticas saludables que impactan y aseguran a los estudiantes el riesgo mínimo de lesiones a la salud sexual y reproductiva. Descriptores: Educación en Salud; Promoción de la Salud; Servicios de Salud Escolar; Salud Sexual y Reproductiva; Salud del Adolescente; Enfermería.

Parents’ Participation in School Health Examinations for Their Adolescent Children in Finland

2021 ◽  
pp. 105984052110588
Author(s):  
Hanne M. Kivimäki ◽  
Timo P. Ståhl ◽  
Katja M. Joronen ◽  
Arja H. Rimpelä
Keyword(s):  
School Health ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Level ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Immigrant Background ◽  
Being Bullied

Engaging parents in school health examinations can promote adolescents’ well-being. We examined parents’ participation in universal school health examinations in Finland reported by adolescents in school surveys (14 to 16-year-olds, N = 58,232). Further we studied variation between service providers and schools, and student and school-level factors in participation. National data were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression models. Less than half of the adolescents reported parents’ participation. The variation between service providers and schools was large. Non-participation was associated with mother's low education, students’ immigrant background, daily health complaints, heavy drinking, and discussion difficulties with parents. Boys and those who did not live with both mother and father had a higher risk for parents’ non-participation. Adolescents with a long-term illness or being bullied reported participation more often. Inviting parents and the school health nurse resource were not associated with participation. Our results raise the question of barriers to participation in health examinations.

Are E-cigarette Users a Unique Group of Smokers? Latent Class Analysis of the National Youth Tobacco Survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 004723792098048
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Scheier ◽  
Martin Komarc
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Smoking Behaviors

We used data from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey to examine patterns of cigarette smoking behavior and tobacco use. In light of the recent upsurge in e-cigarette use, we modeled current use and future intentions to use vape products along with combustible cigarette smoking and other tobacco products (i.e., cigars, cigarillos, chew, snuff, and dip). Latent class analyses indicated four discrete classes of smokers including a nominally involved class with very modest levels of tobacco product use, a class blending e-cigarette and cigars, a class of youth who predominantly use combustible cigarettes, and a group reporting indiscriminate use of almost all tobacco products excluding chew. Tests of invariance in item response probabilities and latent class proportions showed little variation across race and gender, albeit a new class of combustible cigarette and e-cigarette users emerged when examined by grade. Members of the heavy smoking and tobacco use class were more likely to be male, White, and older. Predictors of class membership included expectancies (perceived benefits of use), perceived harm (risk), media exposure, tobacco dependence, and the desire to quit. Findings are discussed in terms of characterizing risk among already smoking youth and how actionable prevention measures can be incorporated into existing universal and indicated programs that target reducing tobacco use and smoking behaviors.

School-level changes in factors related to oral health inequalities after national recommendation on sweet selling

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 576-582
Author(s):  
Jaakko Anttila ◽  
Mimmi Tolvanen ◽  
Rami Kankaanpää ◽  
Satu Lahti
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
School Environment ◽  
School Health ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
School Level ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Level Data ◽  
National Recommendation

Aims: In 2007, Finnish authorities gave a national recommendation that schools should not sell sweet products. This study aimed to determine the effects of the national recommendation on school-level intermediary determinants (factors related to oral health inequalities) and if the changes were different according to school-level socio-economic position (SEP). Methods: This ecological and longitudinal study combined school-level data from two independent studies from Finnish upper comprehensive schools ( N = 970): the School Health Promotion study (SHPS) and the School Sweet Selling survey (SSSS). The baseline data (SHPS from 2006–2007 and SSSS from 2007) and the post-intervention data (SHPS and SSSS from 2008–2009) were combined into a longitudinal school-level data set ( n = 360 and response rate = 37%). The intermediary determinants were: attitudes and access to intoxicants, school health services, school environment, home environment, schools’ health-promoting actions (including sweet product selling) and pupils’ eating habits. Three equal-sized school-level SEP group — slow, middle and high — were formed. The changes in the intermediary determinants were analysed using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test. Differences between school SEP groups were analysed the using Kruskal–Wallis test. Longitudinal linear mixed modelling was used to determine the contribution of intermediary determinants to the changes in pupils’ eating habits. Results: The national recommendation was effective in decreasing sweet product selling at schools and the effect was equal in each school-level SEP group. Intermediary determinants contributed differently to eating habits in the three SEP groups. Conclusions: A national recommendation seems to be an effective tool in making the school environment healthier without increasing inequalities.

scholarly journals School health promotion and use of drugs among students in Southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Marques Paz ◽  
Vanessa Andina Teixeira ◽  
Raquel Oliveira Pinto ◽  
Cristine Scattolin Andersen ◽  
Larissa Prado Fontoura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
School Health ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Probabilistic Sample

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the health promotion conditions in schools and the consumption of alcohol and other drugs by students. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of 3,464 students aged 12 to 17 from all schools of the cities of Lajeado and Sapiranga, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and 53 managers from the same schools; the data was collected in 2012. Reports of the use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs in 2012 were used as outcomes, and the health promotion score in the school environment was used as the exposure of interest. We submitted the data to multilevel analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of the annual use of tobacco was 9.8% (95%CI 8.8–10.8), alcohol was 46.2% (95%CI 44.5–47.8), and other drugs was 10.9% (95%CI 9.9–12.0). In the crude analysis, only the use of tobacco was associated with less health promoting schools (OR = 1.89, 95%CI 1.16–3.09) when compared to those with better conditions. This association lost statistical significance in the adjusted analysis (OR = 1.27, 95%CI 0.74–2.19). CONCLUSIONS: The effects of the school environment on the use of drugs, especially tobacco and alcohol, are manifested mainly by the individual and family conditions of the adolescents.

Community Smoking Behavior in Changqiao, Shanghai

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinpin Zheng ◽  
Yingying Fu ◽  
Yimin Lu ◽  
Ming Ji ◽  
Melbourne F. Hovell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Secondhand Smoke Exposure ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
The Past ◽  
Smoking Behaviors

China has observed increasing tobacco use in the past decade. Only a few studies describing smoking behavior were reported at the community level in China. The present research aimed to obtain baseline data on tobacco use and factors that influence smoking behaviors in a local community in Shanghai, China. A total of 2100 residents in Changqiao, Shanghai, between ages 13 and 84 years were surveyed using a multistage proportional random sampling design. On the basis of that, a subsampling was conducted, and 1500 residents were randomly selected to avoid a cluster effect. There were 28.3% ever smokers (53.3% for men and 2.3% for women) and 23.5% current smokers (44.2% for men and 1.9% for women). Men ages 40 to 49 years smoked the most (more than 17 cigarettes per day on average). Age, education, and marital status were significant predictors of current smoking among men. Only 13.4% of current smokers were willing to quit. The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure was 30.4% among nonsmokers. Smoking and secondhand smoking are serious problems in Changqiao, Shanghai. Comprehensive and intensive interventions should be implemented to motivate quitting and reduce secondhand smoke exposure.

scholarly journals ENDS Device Type and Initiation of Combustible Tobacco Products Among Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslesha Sumbe ◽  
Stephanie L Clendennen ◽  
Samuel C Opara ◽  
Christian D Jackson ◽  
Baojiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Device Type

Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to determine whether Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) device type (disposable devices, replaceable cartridges, and refillables) at initial or first ENDS use predicts subsequent initiation of combustible tobacco products (cigarettes, hookah, cigars) among adolescents and/or differentiates between those who initiate use of both ENDS and combustible tobacco products at the same time. Methods The study examined data from the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance System (TATAMS), a longitudinal population-based cohort of students in major metropolitan areas of Texas (n = 3907; N = 461 069). Data were collected every 6 months, from 2014 to 2018; 33.9% (n = 1324; N = 151 784) of the sample initiated ENDS use across this period. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the odds of initiating combustible tobacco products at a subsequent or similar wave as ENDS initiation, given initial ENDS device type. Results After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, the odds of initiating combustible tobacco use subsequent to ENDS initiation were significantly lower among those who reported using Cartridges as their initial device type compared to those who reported Refillables as their initial device type (adjusted odds ratio = 0.42 [0.18–0.98], p = .05). In addition, after controlling for sociodemographic variables, the odds of initiating combustible tobacco use in the same wave as ENDS initiation were significantly higher among those who reported using Cartridges as their initial device type, compared with those who reported Refillables as their initial device type (adjusted odds ratio = 2.31 [1.05–5.10], p = .04). No significant differences were found in adjusted models when Disposables were compared to Refillables and Cartridges to Disposables. Conclusion ENDS device type differentiates between adolescents who start using combustible tobacco products at the same time as initial ENDS use, or subsequently. Implications Previous research has shown ENDS use predicts subsequent combustible use among adolescents, but there is lack of research on the role of specific ENDS device types and the timing of initiation. Findings from this longitudinal study show that initiation of combustible tobacco product use varies by initial ENDS device type among adolescents. These findings can become a focal point for developing interventions for adolescents and could have regulatory implications for ENDS products.

A Comparison of Colectomy Outcomes Utilizing Open, Laparoscopic, and Robotic Techniques

2020 ◽  
pp. 000313482097338
Author(s):  
Elizabeth McCarthy ◽  
Benjamin L. Gough ◽  
Michael S. Johns ◽  
Alexandra Hanlon ◽  
Sachin Vaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Community Institution ◽  
Physical Status Classification ◽  
Estimated Blood Loss ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Individual ◽  
American Society Of Anesthesiologists

Introduction Robotic colectomy could reduce morbidity and postoperative recovery over laparoscopic and open procedures. This comparative review evaluates colectomy outcomes based on surgical approach at a single community institution. Methods A retrospective review of all patients who underwent colectomy by a fellowship-trained colon and rectal surgeon at a single institution from 2015 through 2019 was performed, and a cohort developed for each approach (open, laparoscopic, and robotic). 30-day outcomes were evaluated. For dichotomous outcomes, univariate logistic regression models were used to quantify the individual effect of each predictor of interest on the odds of each outcome. Continuous outcomes received a similar approach; however, linear and Poisson regression modeling were used, as appropriate. Results 115 patients were evaluated: 14% (n = 16) open, 44% (n = 51) laparoscopic, and 42% (n = 48) robotic. Among the cohorts, there was no statistically significant difference in operative time, rate of reoperation, readmission, or major complications. Robotic colectomies resulted in the shortest length of stay (LOS) (Kruskal-Wallis P < .0001) and decreased estimated blood loss (EBL) (Kruskal-Wallis P = .0012). Median age was 63 years (interquartile range [IQR] 53-72). 54% (n = 62) were female. Median American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification was 3 (IQR 2-3). Median body mass index was 28.67 (IQR 25.03-33.47). A malignant diagnosis was noted on final pathology in 44% (n = 51). Conclusion Among the 3 approaches, there was no statistically significant difference in 30-day morbidity or mortality. There was a statistically significant decreased LOS and EBL for robotic colectomies.

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