Visceral leishmaniasis control actions: epidemiological indicators for its effectiveness evaluation in a Brazilian urban area

Abstract: This research applies indicators concerning control of the visceral leishmaniasis canine reservoir in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Data were obtained from the Zoonoses Control Information System (SCZOO) and the Brazilian Information System on Diseases of Notification (SINAN) database. First we analyzed (i) existing associations between canine epidemiological indicators, where the dependent variable was the canine seroprevalence A (2007 to 2013), and the independent variables were, as follows: canine seroprevalence B (2006 to 2012); percentage of positive dogs by ELISA test reagents that were not euthanized; the relationship between the human and canine population; canine population testing coverage by census surveys; and the years of study (2006 to 2013); (ii) then, we examined the association between human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) cases between 2007 to 2013 and the mentioned variables related to dogs and years. Statistical analysis was done by a generalized linear model (GLM). One unit increases in canine seroprevalence B and canine seroprevalence A were associated to 13% and 12% increases in HVL rates, respectively. The increase in one human/dog ratio unit was associated with a 13% decrease in HVL rates. Canine seroprevalence, human/dog ratio and non-euthanasia of ELISA-reactive dogs in the environment were adequate indicators for analyzing the canine enzootic transmission and the occurrence of HVL cases.

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Binge drinking and associated factors among adolescents in a city in southeastern Brazil: a longitudinal study

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00183115 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kelly Oliva Jorge ◽

Raquel Conceição Ferreira ◽

Efigênia Ferreira e Ferreira ◽

Miriam Pimenta Vale ◽

Ichiro Kawachi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Binge Drinking ◽

Social Vulnerability ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

Belo Horizonte ◽

Substance Involvement ◽

The City

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the frequency of binge drinking and associated factors in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The sample consisted of 436 adolescents. Data collection involved the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Ordinal logistic regression was used in the multivariate analysis. An increase in the frequency of binge drinking was found among adolescents who lived in areas of greater social vulnerability (OR = 1.64; 95%CI: 1.01-2.68), those whose mothers consumed alcoholic beverages (OR = 1.75; 95%CI: 1.05-2.92), those whose fathers consumed alcoholic beverages (OR = 2.02; 95%CI: 1.11-3.68), those with an increased risk of tobacco use (OR = 2.82; 95%CI: 1.07-7.42) and those who attended religious services (OR = 2.10; 95%CI: 1.30-3.38). Knowledge regarding factors associated with a change in the frequency of binge drinking among adolescents can assist in the establishment of public policies directed at health promotion and the prevention of adverse health conditions.

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Utilização de cinco bases cartográficas distintas para a determinação de áreas de preservação permanente no município de Rio Acima, MG: divergências en-tre os resultados / Using five different cartographic bases for determining permanent preservation area

Caderno de Geografia ◽

10.5752/p.2318-2962.2016v26nesp1p136 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 136

Author(s):

Felipe Silva Guimarães ◽

Lucas Da Silva Guimarães

Keyword(s):

Digital Elevation Models ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Second Stage ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

Vector Base ◽

The Law ◽

Belo Horizonte ◽

The City

O estudo foi realizado no município de Rio Acima, localizado ao sul da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte - MG. Na primeira etapa, foi feita a determinação das áreas de preservação permanente (APPs) do município, segundo a Lei 12.651 e a resolução CONAMA 303/2002 (esta última para delimitar as APPs de topo de morro), utilizando cinco bases topográficas distintas: vetorização de cartas do IBGE na escala de 1:50.000, imagem SRTM, Topodata, ASTER V2 e uma base vetorial disponibilizada pelo Codemig com curvas de nível equidistantes em 10 metros. Na segunda etapa, foram calculadas as áreas de cada uma das classes de APP resultantes dos mapeamentos feitos a partir de todas as bases e, em seguida, estes valores foram comparados. Ao final, foi observado que os resultados obtidos a partir da base do IBGE e da imagem ASTER V2 são os que apresentam característica mais restritiva, ou seja, com maiores áreas de preservação. Por outro lado, o mapa de áreas de preservação permanente confeccionado a partir da imagem SRTM foi o que apresentou caráter menos restritivo. Neste estudo também são discutidas outras diferenças entre os mapas elaborados a partir das cinco bases. Palavras–chave: Município de Rio Acima, áreas de preservação permanente, modelos digitais de elevação, resolução espacial. Abstract This study was conducted in the municipality of Rio Acima (Minas Gerais State) located in the southern Belo Horizonte metropolitan region. In the first stage five different topographic bases were used to lay down the city permanent preservation areas (PPA) according to the Law 12,651 and CONAMA resolution 303/2002 (the latter to delimit the hilltop’s PPAs PPAs). These bases are the following: the vector at a 1:50.000 scale provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), SRTM image, image provided by INPE Topodata project, ASTER V2 Image and a vector base released by Codemig with 10 meters contour distance. In the second stage the areas of each one PPA classes were calculated resulting from all mapping bases. Then these values were compared. Finally it was observed that the results obtained from the ASTER V2 image and IBGE base are those with more restrictive features or in other words the result with lager PPAs. Moreover, the map of permanent preservation areas made from SRTM image showed the least restrictive character. This study also discusses other differences between the maps drawn from the five bases. Keywords: Rio Acima municipality, permanent preservation areas, digital elevation models, spacial resolution.

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Spatial distribution of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brasil, 1994-1997

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2001000500023 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 1231-1239 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Cláudia Di Lorenzo Oliveira ◽

Renato Martins Assunção ◽

Ilka Afonso Reis ◽

Fernando Augusto Proietti

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Control Measures ◽

Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Smooth Maps ◽

Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

Belo Horizonte

In this paper, we present spatial analysis of the association between all incidents cases of human Visceral Leishmaniasis and seropositive dogs, from 1994 to 1997 in Belo Horizonte, a large Brazilian city. We geocoded 158 human cases and 11,048 seropositive dogs and compared canine prevalence rates with Human Bayesian Incidence rates in the same areas. We also used Knox's test to evaluate the hypothesis of space-time clustering of human cases in the period. Additionally, we used Kernel's maps for seropositive dogs distribution and located the human cases in the resulting smooth maps. We concluded that human and dog rates are correlated. Also, the Visceral Leishmaniasis in Belo Horizonte spread quickly, but apart from the rates' magnitude, it has kept the same spatial pattern through time. We believe it is possible to use this technique to choose areas to implement control measures against Visceral Leishmaniasis in a more efficient way.

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Human visceral leishmaniasis: factors associated with deaths in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais state, Brazil from 2006 to 2013

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268818000109 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 146 (5) ◽

pp. 565-570 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F. R. P. Bruhn ◽

M. H. F. Morais ◽

N. C. P. Bruhn ◽

D. L. Cardoso ◽

F. Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Skin Colour ◽

Social Risk ◽

Social Risk Factors ◽

Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

The Social ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

Belo Horizonte

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of cases and the social determinants associated with death from human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) and VL–HIV co-infection in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, between 2006 and 2013. Descriptive statistics and analysis of associations were performed using chi-square of the raised variables, such as sex, age, skin colour and schooling of cases of HVL. During the study period, there were 866 cases of HVL with 111 deaths in Belo Horizonte. Morbidity and lethality rates (LR) of HVL in Belo Horizonte remained high over almost all the years evaluated, with an average incidence rate of 4.18 cases/100 000 inhabitants and a LR of 11.16%. With respect to skin colour, it was found that people characterised as black or mulatto had higher morbidity, followed by white. Regarding schooling, LR was more prevalent among individuals with lower education. One of the social risk factors was co-infection with HIV, which was present in many cases of HVL. Furthermore, it was found that older age and the male sex were also risk factors for death from HVL in Belo Horizonte.

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Peningkatan Kenyamanan Pelanggan dengan Sistem Customer Relationship Management (CRM) pada Smile Dental Care Padang

Jurnal Sistim Informasi dan Teknologi ◽

10.37034/jsisfotek.v2i2.32 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 59-64

Author(s):

Yolla Rahmadi Helmi

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Customer Relationship Management ◽

Dental Care ◽

Relationship Management ◽

Customer Relationship ◽

Good Communication ◽

Excellent Service ◽

West Sumatra ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City

In a business / company engaged in health both hospitals, clinics, practice requires something that can entice patients. In order to be comfortable and get facilities that can make patients loyal to treatment. One of the most supportive systems is the construction of an information system portal that can facilitate patients and companies in carrying out their activities and can establish good communication and get reciprocal relationships between patients and doctors. Smile Dental Care is a dental clinic specializing in braces installation in the city of Padang, West Sumatra. The purpose of this research is to apply Customer Relationship Management (CRM) to improve the relationship between patients and doctors, so that they get comfortable with each other. The results of this study are the creation of an information system portal, which is useful to support the improvement of Smile Dental Care, and provide excellent service to patients.

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Urban Greening and Criminal behavior: A Geographic Information System Perspective

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.14.1.0048 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 48-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

A.G. Snelgrove ◽

J.H. Michael ◽

T.M. Waliczek ◽

J.M. Zajicek

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Geographic Information System ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Criminal Behavior ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Geographic Information ◽

Urban Greening ◽

System Perspective ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City

A geographic information system (GIS) was used to create an interface to evaluate the relationship between the amount of greenness and the crime level within the city of Austin, Texas. Results indicated a statistically significant negative correlation between the incidence of crime committed in the Austin greater metropolitan area for the year 1995 and the amount of vegetation within the area in which those crimes occurred. Areas with less than the average mean greenness level in Austin had an increased amount of crime. Results indicated no statistically significant relationship between the level of greenness of the crime sites and the severity of the crimes committed, and income level appeared to have no statistically significant effect on the severity of crimes committed.

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Vertical social distancing policy is ineffective to contain the COVID-19 pandemic

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00084420 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Luiz Henrique Duczmal ◽

Alexandre Celestino Leite Almeida ◽

Denise Bulgarelli Duczmal ◽

Claudia Regina Lindgren Alves ◽

Flávia Costa Oliveira Magalhães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Social Contacts ◽

Group Interactions ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Infected People ◽

R Language ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

Supplementary Material ◽

Belo Horizonte ◽

The City

Abstract: Considering numerical simulations, this study shows that the so-called vertical social distancing health policy is ineffective to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. We present the SEIR-Net model, for a network of social group interactions, as a development of the classic mathematical model of SEIR epidemics (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected (symptomatic and asymptomatic)-Removed). In the SEIR-Net model, we can simulate social contacts between groups divided by age groups and analyze different strategies of social distancing. In the vertical distancing policy, only older people are distanced, whereas in the horizontal distancing policy all age groups adhere to social distancing. These two scenarios are compared to a control scenario in which no intervention is made to distance people. The vertical distancing scenario is almost as bad as the control, both in terms of people infected and in the acceleration of cases. On the other hand, horizontal distancing, if applied with the same intensity in all age groups, significantly reduces the total infected people “flattening the disease growth curve”. Our analysis considers the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, but similar conclusions apply to other cities as well. Code implementation of the model in R-language is provided in the supplementary material.

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Transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs in a risk area of the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-8893 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 1403-1412 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E.G.P. Lopes ◽

M.E. Oviedo-Pastrana ◽

L.F.N.M. Borges ◽

A.C.P. Freitas ◽

E.S. Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

High Concentration ◽

Large Area ◽

Risk Area ◽

Short Period ◽

Canine Population ◽

Belo Horizonte ◽

Structured Questionnaire

ABSTRACT Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has spread rapidly across cities in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte. The aim of this study was to investigate VL dynamics in a prospective cohort study of dogs in Juatuba, between 2010 and 2011, to confirm the incidence of Leishmania infantum, and to assess possible risk factors associated with infection. An observational and prospective closed cohort study was performed using serology testing in dogs, randomly selected from the whole municipality. All seronegative dogs, or dogs with inconclusive results were monitored using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) at 6-month intervals. The dog's owners completed a semi-structured questionnaire to assess possible causal factors of seroconversion, and the responses were assessed using logistic regression. The canine incidence coefficient was 206/1,000 dogs per year (CI: 178-238), and a cluster was identified in an area with a high concentration of seropositive dogs, but a low overall canine population. Large dogs were identified as a risk factor and the following variables were identified as protection factors: dogs aged over 4 years, daily peridomicile cleaning, and better socioeconomic conditions. VL is spreading over a large area in Juatuba in a short period of time.

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Spatial distribution of anti-rabies post-exposure treatments associated with the decentralization process in Belo Horizonte, 2007 to 2011

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v37n0a2021-54091 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. e37084

Author(s):

Marcelle Aparecida De Oliveira ◽

Tiago Mendonça De Oliveira ◽

Misael Enrique Oviedo Pastrana ◽

Renato Martins Duarte ◽

Soraia Araújo Diniz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Geographic Information System ◽

Spatial Analysis ◽

Population Control ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Surveillance Studies ◽

Post Exposure ◽

Canine Population ◽

Belo Horizonte

Cases of canine attacks on people are reported because of the proximity of the dog to the households in several Brazilian cities. In the present study, we aim to evaluate post-exposure anti-rabies treatments with canine accidents between the years 2007 to 2011 in Belo Horizonte - MG. Duly notified data were obtained from the National System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN). The spatial characteristics of the cases during the period of the study referred to the neighborhoods and the nine sanitary districts of the municipality of Belo Horizonte - MG. For georeferencing and spatial analysis, we used the software Maporama to identify the coordinates and the Geographic Information System ArcGIS for mapping. Considering the 6.153 prophylactic services that were georeferenced, the Norte, Venda Nova, Leste, and Centro Sul regions were highlighted due to the higher frequency of registered cases. It is suggested that an integrative action focused on canine population control, health education and epidemiological surveillance studies could contribute to the reduction of canine aggression cases.

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Peningkatan Kenyamanan Pelanggan dengan Sistem Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Jurnal Sistim Informasi dan Teknologi ◽

10.37034/jsisfotek.v2i2.23 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 59-64

Author(s):

Yolla Rahmadi Helmi

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Customer Relationship Management ◽

Dental Care ◽

Relationship Management ◽

Customer Relationship ◽

Good Communication ◽

Excellent Service ◽

West Sumatra ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City

In a business / company engaged in health both hospitals, clinics, practice requires something that can entice patients. In order to be comfortable and get facilities that can make patients loyal to treatment. One of the most supportive systems is the construction of an information system website that can facilitate patients and companies in carrying out their activities and can establish good communication and get reciprocal relationships between patients and doctors. Smile Dental Care is a dental clinic specializing in braces installation in the city of Padang, West Sumatra. The purpose of this research is to apply Customer Relationship Management (CRM) to improve the relationship between patients and doctors, so that they get comfortable with each other. The results of this study are the creation of an information system website, which is useful to support the improvement of Smile Dental Care, and provide excellent service to patients.

Download Full-text