Validity of a 2-item screening tool to identify families at risk for food insecurity in Brazil

This manuscript aimed to develop a brief 2-item screening tool to identify Brazilian households that include families with children at risk for food insecurity. Psychometric analyses including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, accuracy, and ROC curves were used to test combinations of questions to determine the most effective screener to assess households at risk for food insecurity when compared to a gold standard scale. Participants included Brazilian National Survey of Demography and Health on Women and Children (PNDS) surveyed households with a valid Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) response. The sample included 3,920 households representing 11,779,686 households when expanded using PNDS sample weights. With overall prevalence of food insecurity at 21%, a Brazilian 2-item food-insecurity screen showed sensitivity of 79.31%, specificity of 92.95%, positive predictive value of 74.62%, negative predictive value of 94.5% and ROC area 86.13%. This screen also presented high convergent validity for children’s nutrition and health variables when compared with the gold standard, the EBIA full scale. Based on its ability to detect households at risk for food insecurity, a 2-item screening tool is recommended for widespread adoption as a screening measure throughout Brazil, especially when rapid decision-making has been made fundamental, as under the COVID-19 pandemic. This screener can enable providers to accurately identify families at risk for food insecurity and promptly intervene to prevent or ameliorate adverse health and developmental consequences associated with food insecurity and swiftly respond to crises.

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Comparison of International Federation of cervical pathology and colposcopy nomenclature (2011) and Swede score for assessment of cervical lesions

10.21203/rs.3.rs-169936/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bindiya Gupta ◽

Rashmi Shreya ◽

Shalini Rajaram ◽

Anshuja Singla ◽

Sandhya Jain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

International Federation ◽

Objective Method ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Strength Of Association

Abstract Purpose: Standardization of colposcopic evaluation is important as it is observer dependent.The aim of the study was to compare the strength of association of colposcopic findings by International Federation of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (IFCPC) nomenclature and Swede score. Methods: In the prospective study, 150 women aged 30 to 60 years with abnormal screening results underwent colposcopy, the findings were evaluated using both IFCPC and Swede score and biopsy was taken from abnormal areas. Performances by both the methods were calculated taking biopsy as gold standard. Results: Nineteen ≥ CIN2 lesions were detected. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for detecting ≥ CIN2 lesion by IFCPC scoring was 63.6%, 96.0%, 78.7%, 91.9%. Using Swede score, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value at cut off of 8 were 42.4, 95%, 96.6% and 81.8% while at cut-off of 5, these were 96%, 88.3%,76.7% and 93.6%. The agreement between IFCPC major lesion and Swede score ≥ 8 for ≥ CIN2 was 0.626 (p<0.01). Conclusion: Swede score is an easier and more objective method for colposcopic evaluation and a score >8 can be applied to the screen and treat programme.

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Comparative Analysis of Diagnostic Value for Shear Wave Elastography and Real-Time Elastographic Imaging for Thyroid Nodules

Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics ◽

10.1166/jmihi.2019.2594 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 334-338

Author(s):

Qing Yang ◽

Wenhong Zhou ◽

Jiyu Li ◽

Guojun Wu ◽

Feng Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Shear Wave ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Shear Wave Elastography ◽

Roc Curves ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: To compare the diagnostic value of shear wave elastography (SWE) and real-time elastography (RTE) in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods: A total of 34 patients who ever received thyroidectomy in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were identified. Meanwhile, all the patients received SWE and RTE before surgery, and all the diagnoses were confirmed by pathological examinations. With respect to SWE technique, the Subject Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves were drawn, in order to obtain the optimal threshold and then make differential diagnoses of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. In terms of RTE, the Rago 5 scoring method was utilized to make differential diagnoses of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Besides, the pathological examinations after surgery could be considered as the golden standard. At last, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SWE and RTE were calculated, respectively. Results: A total of 51 thyroid nodules were identified, and 41 nodules were benign, 10 nodules were malignant. On the basis of ROC curves, with respect to SWE, the best threshold for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules is 38.3 kPa. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SWE were 72.7% (8/11), 85% (34/40), 82.4% (42/51), 68.4% (13/19), and 87.5% (35/40), respectively. And the diagnostic indicators of RTE were 81.8% (9/11), 87.5% (35/40), 84.3% (43/51), 73.7% (14/19), and 90.0% (36/40). The sensitivity of quasi-static elastography in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules with diameter ≤1 cm was 87.5% (7/8), and the sensitivity of SWE was 50.0% (5/10). In addition, the accuracy of SWE in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules with diameter ≥3 cm was 100% (6/6), and the accuracy of RTE for this kind of thyroid nodules was 66.7% (4/6). Conclusion: Both SWE and RTE technology have good application value in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. But, SWE is preferable when making diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules with diameter ≥3 cm, and RTE was superior in detecting benign and malignant thyroid nodules with diameter ≤1 cm.

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Computed tomography versus ureteroscopy in identification of renal tract stone with ureteral stent in situ

Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England ◽

10.1308/003588411x13165261993996 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 93 (8) ◽

pp. 639-641 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

VCY Tang ◽

A Attwell-Heap

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Ureteral Stent ◽

The Difference ◽

Contrast Ct ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to validate the use of non-contrast computed tomography (CT) with a ureteral stent in situ instead of ureteroscopy for identification of renal tract stones. METHODS All patients who had stents inserted for renal tract stones and underwent non-contrast CT with the stent in situ followed by ureteroscopy between May 2008 and October 2009 at The Canberra Hospital, Australia, were analysed retrospectively. Statistical analysis was performed to compare any differences between CT and ureteroscopy in the identification of stones. RESULTS Overall, 57 patients were included in the study. The difference between CT and ureteroscopy findings was statistically significant. CT identification of stones with a stent in situ had a sensitivity of 86%, a specificity of 46%, a positive predictive value of 63%, a negative predictive value of 76% and an accuracy of 67%. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that non-contrast CT is inferior to the ‘gold standard’ of ureteroscopy. It lacks sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy. Therefore, we cannot recommend using non-contrast CT to replace ureteroscopy.

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Diagnostic Value of Computerized Dynamic Posturography in the Assessment of Peripheral Vestibular Disorders

Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.32412/pjohns.v30i1.373 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 14-16

Author(s):

Ronaldo G. Soriano ◽

Reylan B. David ◽

Norberto V. Martinez

Keyword(s):

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Vestibular Dysfunction ◽

Vestibular Disorders ◽

Vestibular Disorder ◽

Dynamic Posturography ◽

Computerized Dynamic Posturography ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: This study aims to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP) in properly labeling patients with peripheral vestibular disorders by Videonystagmography (VNG) as having vestibular dysfunction. Methods: Study Design: Case - Control Study Setting: Tertiary Private Hospital Subjects: Twenty-three (23) patients aged 18 and above, with no history of hypertension or cardiovascular disease and no intake of anti-vertigo medications for at least 48 hours prior to testing, and with complete VNG and CDP results obtained on the same day or at least two days apart were included in the study. Cases were defined as those diagnosed with a peripheral vestibular disorder by VNG while controls were defined as those with normal VNG results. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of CDP in labeling those with peripheral vestibular disorders as vestibular were determined using VNG as gold standard. Results: There were 11 cases (4 males, 7 females) and 12 controls (8 males, 4 females). Using VNG as the gold standard for diagnosing peripheral vestibular disorders, CDP had a sensitivity of 45.45% and specificity of 66.67% with Positive Predictive Value(PPV) of 55.56% and Negative Predictive Value(NPV) of 57.14% in assessing peripheral vestibular disorders among the adults tested. Interestingly, 33.33% of patients with normal VNG may actually have had a vestibular dysfunction that could be detected by CDP. Conclusion: Prospective studies with larger sample sizes utilizing VNG and CDP are recommended in order to verify our findings. Keywords: dizziness, posturography, vertigo

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Accuracy of ultrasonography for differentiating between simple and complex appendicitis in children

Pediatric Surgery International ◽

10.1007/s00383-021-04872-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David J. Nijssen ◽

Paul van Amstel ◽

Joost van Schuppen ◽

Laurens D. Eeftinck Schattenkerk ◽

Ramon R. Gorter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Simple Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Time Of Operation

Abstract Purpose Accurate differentiation between simple and complex appendicitis is important since differences in treatment exist. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of ultrasonography in differentiating between simple and complex appendicitis. Methods Data from children aged < 18 years who underwent appendectomy between the 1st of January 2013 and the 1st of January 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Ultrasonography reports of eligible children were divided into simple (test negative) and complex appendicitis (test positive) based on predefined criteria and compared to a gold standard (a combination of predefined perioperative and histopathological criteria). Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated to measure ultrasonographic accuracy in differentiating between simple and complex appendicitis. Results 176 children were eligible for inclusion. The mean age at the time of operation was 10.1 ± SD 4.6 years. 84 (47.7%) children had simple appendicitis and 92 (52.3%) had complex appendicitis. The use of ultrasonography yielded a sensitivity: 46%, specificity: 90%, PPV: 84%, and NPV: 60%. Conclusion Ultrasonography as standalone modality is not suitable for differentiating between simple and complex appendicitis in children. To improve preoperative differentiation, other variables such as clinical signs and laboratory data are necessary in conjunction with ultrasonography findings.

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Accuracy of Rotator Cuff Tears and Tendinosis Diagnoses on Shoulder Ultrasound Performed by a Short-experienced Operator

American Journal of Sonography ◽

10.25259/ajs-22-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Harshad Arvind Vanjare ◽

Jyoti Panwar

Keyword(s):

Rotator Cuff ◽

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Rotator Cuff Tear ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Rotator Cuff Tears ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Cuff Tear ◽

Experienced Operator ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Objective The objective of the study was to assess the accuracy of ultrasound examination for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tear and tendinosis performed by a short experienced operator, compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results. Method A total of 70 subjects suspected to have rotator cuff tear or tendinosis and planned for shoulder MRI were included in the study. Shoulder ultrasound was performed either before or after the MRI scan on the same day. Ultrasound operator had a short experience in performing an ultrasound of the shoulder. Ultrasound findings were correlated to MRI findings. Results Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for the diagnosis of tendinosis were 58%, 84%, 63%, 80%, and 75%, respectively, and it was 68%, 91%, 73%, 88%, and 85%, respectively, for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tear. Conclusions Sensitivity for diagnosing rotator cuff tear or tendinosis was moderate but had a higher negative predictive value. Thus, the ultrasound operator with a short experience in performing shoulder ultrasound had moderate sensitivity in diagnosing tendinosis or tears; however, could exclude them with confidence.

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381 Role of CT scans of abdomen and pelvis in management of patients with immunotherapy-induced colitis

Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer ◽

10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0381 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽

pp. A406-A406

Author(s):

Juan Ibarra Rovira ◽

Raghunandan Vikram ◽

Selvi Thirumurthi ◽

Bulent Yilmaz ◽

Heather Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Clinical Diagnosis ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Wall Thickening ◽

Low Sensitivity ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

BackgroundColitis is one of the most common immune-related adverse event in patients who receive immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). Although radiographic changes are reported on computed tomography such as mild diffuse bowel thickening or segmental colitis, the utility of CT in diagnosis of patients with suspected immune-related colitis is not well studied.MethodsCT scans of the abdomen and pelvis of 34 patients on immunotherapy with a clinical diagnosis of immunotherapy induced colitis and 19 patients receiving immunotherapy without clinical symptoms of colitis (control) were enrolled in this retrospective study. Segments of the colon (rectum, sigmoid, descending, transverse, ascending and cecum) were assessed independently by two fellowship trained abdominal imaging specialists with 7 and 13 years‘ experience who were blinded to the clinical diagnosis. Each segment was assessed for mucosal enhancement, wall thickening, distension, peri-serosal fat stranding. Any disagreements were resolved in consensus. The degree of distension and the spurious assignment of wall thickening were the most common causes for disagreement. The presence of any of the signs was considered as radiographic evidence of colitis.ResultsCT evidence of colitis was seen in 16 of 34 patients with symptoms of colitis. 7 of 19 patients who did not have symptoms of colitis showed signs of colitis on CT. The sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value and Negative Predictive Value for colitis on CT is 47%, 63.2%, 69.5% and 40%, respectively.ConclusionsCT has a low sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of immunotherapy-induced colitis. CT has no role in the diagnosis of patients suspected of having uncomplicated immune-related colitis and should not be used routinely for management.Trial RegistrationThis protocol is not registered on clinicaltrials.gov.Ethics ApprovalThis protocol was IRB approved on: 11/16/2015 - IRB 4 Chair Designee FWA #: 00000363 OHRP IRB Registration Number: IRB 4 IRB00005015ConsentThis protocol utilizes an IRB approved waiver of consent.

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Eotaxins and Their Receptor as Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10122675 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2675

Author(s):

Monika Zajkowska ◽

Agnieszka Kulczyńska-Przybik ◽

Maciej Dulewicz ◽

Kamil Safiejko ◽

Marcin Juchimiuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Diagnostic Tests ◽

Diagnostic Utility ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Immunoenzymatic Assay

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies. Despite the availability of diagnostic tests, an increasing number of new cases is observed. That is why it is very important to search new markers that would show high diagnostic utility. Therefore, we made an attempt to assess the usefulness of eotaxins, as there are few studies that investigate their significance, in patients with CRC. The study included 80 subjects (CRC patients and healthy volunteers). Serum concentrations of all eotaxins were measured using a multiplexing method (Luminex), while CCR3 was measured by immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). CRP levels were determined by immunoturbidimetry and classical tumor marker levels (CEA and CA 19-9) and were measured using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). The highest usefulness among the proteins tested showed CCR3. Its concentrations were significantly higher in the CRC group than in healthy controls. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of CCR3 were higher than those of CA 19-9. The maximum values for sensitivity, negative predictive value, and AUC were obtained for a combination of CCR3 and CRP. Our findings suggest the potential usefulness of CCR3 in the diagnosis of CRC, especially in combination with CRP or CEA.

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Foundational Statistical Principles in Medical Research: Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, and Negative Predictive Value

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57050503 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 503

Author(s):

Thomas F. Monaghan ◽

Syed N. Rahman ◽

Christina W. Agudelo ◽

Alan J. Wein ◽

Jason M. Lazar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Medical Literature ◽

Disease Prevalence ◽

Positive Test Result ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Test Result ◽

Test Probability

Sensitivity, which denotes the proportion of subjects correctly given a positive assignment out of all subjects who are actually positive for the outcome, indicates how well a test can classify subjects who truly have the outcome of interest. Specificity, which denotes the proportion of subjects correctly given a negative assignment out of all subjects who are actually negative for the outcome, indicates how well a test can classify subjects who truly do not have the outcome of interest. Positive predictive value reflects the proportion of subjects with a positive test result who truly have the outcome of interest. Negative predictive value reflects the proportion of subjects with a negative test result who truly do not have the outcome of interest. Sensitivity and specificity are inversely related, wherein one increases as the other decreases, but are generally considered stable for a given test, whereas positive and negative predictive values do inherently vary with pre-test probability (e.g., changes in population disease prevalence). This article will further detail the concepts of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values using a recent real-world example from the medical literature.

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New screening tool for neonatal nutritional risk in China: a validation study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042467 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. e042467

Author(s):

Mei Zhou ◽

Yuwei Li ◽

Huaying Yin ◽

Xianhong Zhang ◽

Yan Hu

Keyword(s):

Validation Study ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Nutritional Risk ◽

Risk Level ◽

Spearman Correlation ◽

Nutrition Risk ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Nutritional Risk Screening

ObjectiveA neonatal nutritional risk screening tool (NNRST) was developed by using Delphi and analytic hierarchy processes in China. We verified the accuracy of this tool and analysed whether it effectively screened neonates with nutritional risk.DesignProspective validation study.Setting and participantsIn total, 338 neonates who were admitted to the neonatal unit of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May–July 2016 completed the study. Nutritional risk screening and length and head circumference measurements were performed weekly. Weight was measured every morning, and other relevant clinical data were recorded during hospitalisation.Main outcome measuresWe evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, validity, reliability, and positive and negative predictive value of the screening tool. Various characteristics of neonates in different risk groups were analysed to determine the rationality of the nutritional risk classification.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 85.11%, 91.07%, 60.61% and 97.43%, respectively. The criterion validity was texted by the Spearman correlation analysis (r=0.530) and independent samples non-parametric tests (p=0.000). The content validity (Spearman correlation coefficient) was 0.321–0.735. The inter-rater reliability (kappa value) was 0.890. Among the neonatal clinical indicators, gestational age, birth weight, length, admission head circumference, admission albumin, admission total proteins, discharge weight, discharge length and head circumference decreased with increasing nutrition risk level; the length of stay and the rate of parenteral nutrition support increased with increasing nutrition risk level. In the comparison of complications during hospitalisation, the incidence of necrotising enterocolitis and congenital gastrointestinal malformation increased with increasing nutrition risk level.ConclusionThe validation results for the NNRST are reliable. The tool can be used to preliminarily determine the degree of neonatal nutritional risk, but its predictive value needs to be determined in future large-sample studies.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000033743.

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