scholarly journals Horizontal arrangements: strategy for reducing the asymmetry information for dairy farmers in Paraná, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2069-2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Moreira de Brito ◽  
Ferenc Istvan Bánkuti ◽  
Sandra Mara Schiavi Bánkuti ◽  
Maria Clara Melo Ferreira ◽  
Júlio César Damasceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Asymmetry Information ◽  
Geographical Regions

An empirical investigation was conducted to study whether dairy farmers involved in horizontal arrangements (HA) have lower information asymmetry than those who do not participate in HA. Our assumption is that greater access to information results in fewer risky decisions in production systems. One hundred and twenty semi-structured questionnaires were applied to dairy farmers located in four different geographical regions in Paraná State, Brazil. Exploratory factor analysis was used to define factors related to information asymmetry in dairy agribusiness system (DAS) and four factors were defined. In a second step, the 120 dairy farmers were split into two groups: the first one involved in HA and the second one not involved in HA. Mean test (t-student) were performed to compare these groups between factors. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed for factors related to transaction information and for general market information, and dairy farmers participating in HA achieved the greatest values. Finally, it can be concluded that dairy farmers who participate in HA have higher access to information, which can create an environment with lower information asymmetry and, consequently, be subject to lower risks than dairy farmers who do not participate in HA

Ethical Responsibilities of Brick and Mortar Retailers

Think India ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Bodh Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Ethical Responsibility ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Ethical Responsibilities

Retailers have ethical responsibilities in their dealings with different stakeholders. All the stakeholders have expectations from retailers and the retailers in obligation to fulfil their expectations in an ethical manner. Retailers have ethical responsibility towards customers, employees, suppliers, financers, competitors, government, and the community as a whole. In fact, some researchers have conceptualised responsibilities of retailers but the in-depth empirical investigation has not yet done. The study empirically examines the ethical responsibilities of brick and mortar retailers towards various stakeholders. The data were obtained from 200 retailers through a self-designed schedule. The exploratory factor analysis extracted ten factors out of various variables representing ethical responsibilities of retailers towards different stakeholders. The results indicate that brick and mortar retailers are moderately ethical towards various stakeholders. The present study will be highly beneficial for the researchers, retailers, customers, regulatory bodies and policy makers for new insights and better regulation.

scholarly journals Store Attribute Factors Inducing Customer Loyalty in the Context of Apparel Retailers

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 4898-4902
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Loyalty Program ◽  
Store Attributes ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Loyalty Intentions

The aim of this paper is to explore elements and variables of store attributes impelling customer loyalty. This study uses loyalty program members from apparel stores. Initially the variables were explored through literature and interview with retailers. In the second step, exploratory factor analysis was used to identify factors of store attributes. Multiple regression test the significant effect of extracted factors on customer loyalty intentions. It was evident from the result that, interpersonal communication fail to induce loyalty among members of loyalty program. In future the study would be carried out in different stores.

scholarly journals Information asymmetry among dairy producers in Paraná, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Marcela Casali ◽  
Bruna Sesco de Mendonça ◽  
Marcel Moreira de Brito ◽  
Marcio Gregório Rojas dos Santos ◽  
Pedro Gustavo Loesia Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Production Characteristics

Milk production has great social and economic importance in Paraná, Brazil. However, dairy farmers have abandoned the activity over the past few years because of difficulties in meeting institutional and market demands for increased milk production and quality. Information asymmetry between dairy farmers and market agents may be contributing to this scenario. It occurs when one agent in a transaction has more or better information than another. Information asymmetry can encourage opportunistic behavior and negatively affect the relationship between parties. These problems can be minimized or resolved by horizontal collaboration, such as participation in farmers’ organizations, cooperatives, or associations. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of information asymmetry among dairy farmers and investigate whether participation in farmers’ organizations strengthens buyer–seller relationships and stimulates compliance with milk quality standards. A total of 204 semi-structured questionnaires were applied to head farmers of dairy production systems in Paraná. Two sets of variables were analyzed: variables related to socio-economic and production characteristics and variables related to transactions between farmers and the dairy industry and the head farmer’s knowledge about milk quality regulations. The second set of variables was subjected to common factor analysis, which generated four factors: F1, knowledge about institutional requirements; F2, technical support from the buyer; F3, technical knowledge; and F4, level of trust in the buyer. Dairy farmers who did not participate in farmers’ organizations operated under greater information asymmetry and were disadvantaged with regard to F2, F3, and F4 (P < 0.05). Participation in horizontal collaborations can help farmers survive and thrive in the dairy activity.

Measuring Impact of Stress in Sandwich Generation Caring for Demented Parents

GeroPsych ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence M. Solberg ◽  
Lauren B. Solberg ◽  
Emily N. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sandwich Generation ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adult Caregivers ◽  
The Impact

Stress in caregivers may affect the healthcare recipients receive. We examined the impact of stress experienced by 45 adult caregivers of their elderly demented parents. The participants completed a 32-item questionnaire about the impact of experienced stress. The questionnaire also asked about interventions that might help to reduce the impact of stress. After exploratory factor analysis, we reduced the 32-item questionnaire to 13 items. Results indicated that caregivers experienced stress, anxiety, and sadness. Also, emotional, but not financial or professional, well-being was significantly impacted. There was no significant difference between the impact of caregiver stress on members from the sandwich generation and those from the nonsandwich generation. Meeting with a social worker for resource availability was identified most frequently as a potentially helpful intervention for coping with the impact of stress.

The Hierarchical Model of Exercise Dependence

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayatri Kotbagi ◽  
Laurence Kern ◽  
Lucia Romo ◽  
Ramesh Pathare
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Preliminary Version

Abstract. Physical exercise when done excessively may have negative consequences on physical and psychological wellbeing. There exist many scales to measure this phenomenon. The purpose of this article is to create a scale measuring the problematic practice of physical exercise (PPPE Scale) by combining two assessment tools already existing in the field of exercise dependency but anchored in different approaches (EDS-R and EDQ). This research consists of three studies carried out on three independent sample populations. The first study (N = 341) tested the construct validity (exploratory factor analysis); the second study (N = 195) tested the structural validity (confirmatory factor analysis) and the third study (N = 104) tested the convergent validity (correlations) of the preliminary version of the PPPE scale. Exploratory factor analysis identified six distinct dimensions associated with exercise dependency. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis validated a second order model consisting of 25 items with six dimensions and four sub-dimensions. The convergent validity of this scale with other constructs (GLTEQ, EAT26, and The Big Five Inventory [BFI]) is satisfactory. The preliminary version of the PPPE must be administered to a large population to refine its psychometric properties and develop scoring norms.

Subclinical Sadism and the Dark Triad

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Johnson ◽  
Rachel A. Plouffe ◽  
Donald H. Saklofske
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Antisocial Personality Traits

Abstract. The Dark Triad is a constellation of three antisocial personality traits: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Recently, researchers have introduced a “Dark Tetrad” that includes subclinical sadism, although others suggest considerable overlap between psychopathy and sadism. To clarify the position of sadism within the Dark Triad, an online study was conducted with 615 university students. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that a six-factor solution fit the data best, representing Machiavellianism, psychopathy, physical sadism, verbal sadism, narcissism, and vicarious sadism. Furthermore, convergent validity was supported through sadism’s correlations with the HEXACO personality traits. The results support sadism’s inclusion within the Dark Tetrad as a unique construct but with some conceptual overlap with psychopathy.

Equivalent Factorial Structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) in Clinical and Nonclinical Jordanian Populations

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawzi S. Daoud ◽  
Amjed A. Abojedi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Symptom Inventory ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Item Checklist ◽  
General Psychological Distress

This study investigates the equivalent factorial structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) in clinical and nonclinical Jordanian populations, using both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The 53-item checklist was administered to 647 nonclinical participants and 315 clinical participants. Eight factors emerged from the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for the nonclinical sample, and six factors emerged for the clinical sample. When tested by parallel analysis (PA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the results reflected a unidimensional factorial structure in both samples. Furthermore, multigroup CFA showed invariance between clinical and nonclinical unidimensional models, which lends further support to the evidence of the unidimensionality of the BSI. The study suggests that the BSI is a potentially useful measure of general psychological distress in clinical and nonclinical population. Ideas for further research are recommended.

A Comparison of Simple Structure Rotation Criteria in Temporal Exploratory Factor Analysis for Event-Related Potential Data

Methodology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Scharf ◽  
Steffen Nestler
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Factor Rotation ◽  
Rotation Methods ◽  
Simple Structure Rotation ◽  
Temporal Overlap

Abstract. It is challenging to apply exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to event-related potential (ERP) data because such data are characterized by substantial temporal overlap (i.e., large cross-loadings) between the factors, and, because researchers are typically interested in the results of subsequent analyses (e.g., experimental condition effects on the level of the factor scores). In this context, relatively small deviations in the estimated factor solution from the unknown ground truth may result in substantially biased estimates of condition effects (rotation bias). Thus, in order to apply EFA to ERP data researchers need rotation methods that are able to both recover perfect simple structure where it exists and to tolerate substantial cross-loadings between the factors where appropriate. We had two aims in the present paper. First, to extend previous research, we wanted to better understand the behavior of the rotation bias for typical ERP data. To this end, we compared the performance of a variety of factor rotation methods under conditions of varying amounts of temporal overlap between the factors. Second, we wanted to investigate whether the recently proposed component loss rotation is better able to decrease the bias than traditional simple structure rotation. The results showed that no single rotation method was generally superior across all conditions. Component loss rotation showed the best all-round performance across the investigated conditions. We conclude that Component loss rotation is a suitable alternative to simple structure rotation. We discuss this result in the light of recently proposed sparse factor analysis approaches.

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