scholarly journals Behaviors associated with cows more prone to produce milk with reduced stability to ethanol test due to feeding restriction

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1662-1667
Author(s):  
Marcelo Tempel Stumpf ◽  
Vivian Fischer ◽  
Giovani Jacob Kolling ◽  
Alessandra Ventura da Silva ◽  
Maria Edi Rocha Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Full Diet ◽  
Stress Levels

ABSTRACT: The experiment was carried out to identify changes in the behaviorr of lactating cows induced by severe feeding restriction and further refeeding that could serve as facilitators for the visual identification of cows more prone to produce milk with reduced stability. Twelve cows were separated into two groups: Control: full diet supply; Restriction: 50% of the full diet. Feed restriction lasted seven days (Period 1), with posterior supply of full diet for seven days (Period 2) for all treatments. Behavior was observed on the first and fifth days in each period from 08h40 to 19h00. Ingestive and social behavior were monitored. Cortisol assessed stress levels. Analysis of variance and multifactorial statistical analyzes were performed. Adequate feed supply reduced stress, improved animals' welfare and milk stability to the ethanol test. Elevation in the incidence of behavior related with hunger, frustration and discomfort is an indicator of cows more prone to produce milk with reduced stability.

Effect of feed restriction and subsequent re-alimentation on hormones and genes of the somatotropic axis in cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 264-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Keogh ◽  
Sinéad M. Waters ◽  
Alan K. Kelly ◽  
Alastair R. G. Wylie ◽  
David A. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Somatotropic Axis ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Lower Growth Rate ◽  
Ad Libitum

The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of feed restriction and compensatory growth during re-alimentation on the functionality of the somatotropic axis. We blocked 60 bulls into one of two groups: 1) restricted feed allowance for 125 days ( period 1) (RES, n = 30) followed by ad libitum feeding for 55 days ( period 2) or 2) ad libitum access to feed throughout (ADLIB, n = 30). A growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) challenge was performed during each period. At the end of each period, 15 animals from each treatment were slaughtered and hepatic tissue collected. Hepatic expression of 13 genes of the somatotropic axis was measured by qRT-PCR. RES displayed a lower growth rate during period 1 (0.6 vs. 1.9 kg/day; P < 0.001), subsequently gaining more than ADLIB animals during period 2 (2.5 vs. 1.4 kg/day; P < 0.001). Growth hormone response to GHRH was not different between treatments at either time-point ( P > 0.05); however, resultant plasma IGF-1 was lower in period 1 and greater in period 2 in RES animals ( P < 0.05). Expression of IGFBP2 was higher ( P < 0.01) and IGF1 ( P < 0.001) and GHRIA ( P < 0.05) lower in RES compared with ADLIB during period 1, with no difference evident in period 2 ( P > 0.05). Collectively, the results of this study are consistent with uncoupling of the somatotropic axis following feed restriction. However, there is no evidence from this study that the somatotropic axis per se is a significant contributor to compensatory growth.

Occupational Stress Levels among Rural Teachers in the Areas of Mental Retardation, Learning Disabilities, and Emotional Conflict

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Tommy Russell ◽  
Susan Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Special Educators ◽  
Teacher Stress ◽  
Emotional Conflict ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Stress Inventory ◽  
Teacher Stress Inventory

The purpose of the study was to compare occupational stress levels of rural educators in the areas of mental retardation, learning disabilities, and emotional conflict. Occupational stress levels were measured by the Teacher Stress Inventory (Fimian, 1985), which was developed and validated for teachers of exceptional children. The sample consisted of 154 randomly selected and specifically selected rural special educators in the 21 rural counties with set defined parameters of a population of 50,000 or less. The Teacher Stress Inventory was designed to assess stress levels of special educators. Subscales of the Teacher Stress Inventory were personal/professional stressors, professional distress, discipline/motivation, emotional manifestations, biobehavloral manifestations, physiological/fatigue manifestations, and time management. The data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance and the multivariate analysis of variance procedures. No significant differences were evident between mean stress scores and mean subscale scores of the three Identified groups.

Glycogen metabolites and meat quality in feed-restricted re-fed beef heifers

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. K. Yambayamba ◽  
M. A. Price ◽  
J. L. Aalhus ◽  
S. D. M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Caudate Lobe ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum

Twenty-four Hereford crossbred heifers weighing 222 kg (22 kg SD) and aged 226 d (13 d SD) on day 0 were used to investigate the effects of feed restriction (period 1) followed by realimentation (period 2) on hepatic and longissimus muscle glycogen metabolites and meat quality. The heifers were randomly assigned in equal numbers to either ad libitum feeding (ADLIB) or maintenance feeding for 92 d followed by realimentation (REST), and serially slaughtered over a wide range of liveweights (200–460 kg). The concentrations of glycogen, its metabolites, and the total glucidic potential (GP) were determined from portions of the caudate lobe of the liver and the longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle. Meat quality assessment of the longissimus thoracis (LT) was done by objective means. Hepatic glycogen concentration was lower (P = 0.05) in REST than in ADLIB heifers, and GP tended to show a similar pattern (P = 0.07). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of glycogen or its metabolites in the LL of REST compared with ADLIB heifers. However, the heifers slaughtered during period 1 had lower muscle glycogen (P = 0.04) and higher lactate (P < 0.01) concentrations than those slaughtered during period 2. REST heifers had lighter slaughter weights resulting in smaller ribeye areas (P = 0.03), lower intramuscular fat concentration (P < 0.01) and higher moisture content (P < 0.01). Independent of slaughter weight, REST heifers had higher drip loss (P = 0.05) and lower L * (P = 0.01) than ADLIB heifers. These results suggest that feed restriction affects hepatic glycogen reserves and also has minor effects on meat quality traits in beef heifers. However, there was no indication that meat from REST heifers had severe quality defects such as DFD (dark, firm, dry) meat. Key words: Feed restriction, realimentation, longissimus muscle, liver, glucidic potential, meat quality

scholarly journals Milk traits of lactating cows submitted to feed restriction

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Mossate Gabbi ◽  
Concepta Margareth McManus ◽  
Maira Balbinotti Zanela ◽  
Marcelo Tempel Stumpf ◽  
Rosângela Silveira Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Lactating Cows

scholarly journals Differing adaptations of IGF-I and its IGFBPs in dairy cows during a negative energy balance in early lactation and a negative energy balance induced by feed restriction in mid-lactation

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
EC Kessler ◽  
JJ Gross ◽  
RM Bruckmaier
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igfbp 3

: Control of metabolic pathways is a major task of the somatotropic axis and its constituents. Insulin-like growth-factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) bind IGF-I and -II and act as carriers and regulators of their activities in blood, body fluids and tissues. Over two periods of physiological adaptation, this study investigated the binding pattern of IGF-I to IGFBPs in the plasma of 50 multiparous Holstein dairy cows and identified relationships with the hepatic mRNA abundance of IGFBPs and plasma IGF-I during the lactational negative energy balance (NEB) and during a deliberately induced NEB by feed restriction. Period 1 lasted from week 3 antepartum (a.p.) to week&nbsp;12 postpartum (p.p.) and period 2, the period of feed restriction, started at around 100 DIM and lasted for three weeks with a control (C) and a restricted group (R). Blood samples and liver biopsies were collected in week 3 a.p., and in weeks 1 and 4 p.p. of period 1 and in weeks 0 and 3 of period 2. For column chromatography of IGFBPs, plasma samples of all animals were pooled by group and time points of sampling. Plasma IGF-I dropped from week 3 a.p. to week 1 p.p. and thereafter increased until week 0 (period 2) and did not change up to week 3 of period 2. The binding of IGF-I to plasma IGFBP-1 and -2 increased in period 1 from week 3 a.p. to week 4 p.p., while at the same time it decreased for IGFBP-3. During period 2, the binding of IGF-I to plasma IGFBP-1 and -2 decreased for both groups, but less for R cows. In C cows, the IGF-I binding to IGFBP-3 in plasma increased from week 0 to week 3 of period 2, whereas R cows showed a slight decrease. In period 1, hepatic mRNA abundance of IGFBP-3 followed the plasma IGFBP-3 binding in contrast to the mRNA abundances of IGFBP-1 and -2. The latter increased from week 3 a.p. to week 1 p.p. and decreased afterwards whereas IGF-I binding to IGFBP-1 and -2 increased. In week 3 of period 2, the binding of IGF-I to IGFBP-1 and -2 and their hepatic mRNA abundance were higher in R&nbsp;cows compared to C cows. Hepatic mRNA abundance of IGF-I was consistently positively correlated with plasma IGF-I, especially pronounced during the NEBs in week 1 p.p. (period 1) and in week 3 (period 2) in R cows. While no distinct relation between mRNA abundance of IGFBP-1 and plasma IGF-I was evident, the mRNA abundance of IGFBP-2 was inversely related to plasma IGF-I over all experimental time points independent of treatment. The mRNA abundance of IGFBP-3 was particularly correlated with plasma IGF-I during the 2 experimental stages of a NEB. Obviously IGFBP-3, but not IGFBP-1 and -2, binding in plasma closely followed the respective pattern of hepatic mRNA abundance during the entire experimental period. The fact that changes in the different plasma IGFBPs during altering metabolic stages in different stages of lactation do not always strictly follow their mRNA abundance in liver suggests&nbsp;tissues other than the liver flexibly contributing to the IGFBP pool in plasma as well as a partially post-transcriptional regulation of IGFBP synthesis. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Effects of short-term feed restriction on the physiological parameters and metabolites of F1 Holstein x Zebu cows in different stages of lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1545-1554
Author(s):  
L.A. Borges ◽  
J.R.M. Ruas ◽  
V.R. Rocha Júnior ◽  
C.C.S. Carvalho ◽  
F.P. Monção ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Zebu Cows

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different nutritional plans on the productive, physiological and metabolic parameters of F1 ½ Holstein x ½ Zebu cows in different stages of lactation. Sixty lactating cows were allotted to a completely randomized 5 x 3 factorial design with five feed allowances and three lactation periods. The dry matter intake, milk yield and heart rate were reduced by 5.69kg, 2.41kg and 10.36 beats/min (morning) and 10.25 beats/min (afternoon) for each 1% feed restriction, respectively. There was no difference in the concentration of glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids for cows subjected to different feed allowances, with means of 95.25, 7.98, 2.95, 121.68 and 0.45mg/dL, respectively. Feed restriction of up to 2.50% BW is a cost reduction strategy that does not alter milk yield, regardless of the stage of lactation.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Opposite Sex on Hypothetical Aggressive Inclinations

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 5889-5904
Author(s):  
Kira Mason ◽  
Christopher P. Barlett ◽  
Alex L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Potential Mate ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Attractive Female

Previous research has supported the hypothesis that the presence of a potential mate influences social behavior; however, there is a paucity of work that has extended this to the study of aggression. Thus, the current research had participants ( N = 1,035) view a picture of an attractive or unattractive member of the opposite sex. Participants then imagined themselves in front of the imagined person in a social setting in which they were provoked or not before completing an assessment of aggressive intentions. Results from the 2 (sex of participant) × 2 (attractiveness of the picture) × 2 (provocation or not) analysis of variance showed that males viewing an image of an attractive female had higher aggressive intentions when provoked than males viewing a nonattractive female; however, these effects were not found for female participants.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Feed Restrictions on Growth, Biometric, and Hematological Response of Juvenile Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Adam Robisalmi ◽  
Kartiawati Alipin ◽  
Bambang Gunadi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Growth Condition ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
The Impact

Highlight ResearchThere has been a significant decrease in growth, condition factors, hepatosomatic index along viscerosomatic index with the length of time for feed restriction, although fasting for up to 28 days did not cause fish mortalityHematological parameters such as RBCs, WBCs, hematocrit, and hemoglobin decreased significantly, but after re-feeding increased significantly in consecutive timesThe blood glucose levels decreased during feed restriction and gradually increased after re-feedingFeed restriction fish gained weight continuously during re-feeding, but no displaying compensatory growthThe decrease in hematological parameters did not indicate stress levels in fish, but reflected a lack of nutrition condition AbstractThe management of red tilapia culture can be improved through restriction of feed. This study aimed to determine the impact of feed restriction time and re-feeding on the growth and hematological performance of juvenile red tilapia. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments with four replications, namely the fish were given food for 28 days (A), 7 days of feed restriction followed by 21 days of refeeding (B), 14 days of feed restriction followed by 14 days of refeeding (C), 21 days of feed restriction followed by 7 days of refeeding (D) and 28 days of feed restriction (E). The parameters observed were growth, biometry, and hematological values. The results showed that during the feed restriction period there was a significant decrease in growth, condition factors, hepatosomatic index along with viscerosomatic index with the length of time for feed restriction, although fasting for up to 28 days did not cause fish mortality. Hematological parameters such as RBCs, WBCs, hematocrit, and hemoglobin decreased significantly, but after re-feeding, they increased significantly in consecutive times. As for the blood glucose levels decreased during feed restriction and gradually increased after re-feeding. This study stated that feed restriction fish gained weight continuously during re-feeding, but no displaying compensatory growth. The results suggested that the decrease in hematological parameters did not indicate stress levels in fish, but reflected a lack of nutrition condition.

INDUCEMENT OF KETOTIC SYMPTOMS IN LACTATING COWS BY REDUCING THEIR PLANE OF NUTRITION

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
F. D. SAUER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Clinical Level ◽  
Made In

Seven Holstein cows were fed on a high plane of nutrition prior to calving and for 14 days post-calving. They were then gradually restricted over a period of seven days to a ration consisting of low quality chopped hay. Six of the seven cows exhibited symptoms similar to those described for ketosis, beginning on the third or fourth day of feed restriction and increasing in severity until the seventh day of restriction. Decreasing plane of nutrition resulted in milk yield decreasing from 26.0 to 15.6 kg per day and milk protein percent from 3.30 to 3.00, while acetylcarnitine content of the milk increased from 0.109 to 0.158 μmoles/ml. Plasma-free fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate increased, while glucose decreased, with the reduction in feed intake. From the observations made in this trial and using the recommended Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle (NRC), it was estimated that blood ketotic symptoms approach the clinical level when the cow is in a negative energy balance in the range of 7.2 to 10.8 Mcal per day.

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