Role of Peer Relations and Family System on Academic Expectations Stress among Adolescents

The present study explored the role of peer relations and family system on academic expectations of adolescents. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant relationship among peer relations, family system and academic expectations of adolescents. A sample of 364 adolescents, boys (n=139) and girls (n=225) with the age range of 15-19 years was taken from different universities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Measures included Academic Expectations Stress Inventory by Ang and Huan (2006), and Index of Peer Relations by Hudson (1982), with use of correlational method. Results suggested significant correlation among study variables. A positive correlation of academic expectations was found with peer relations. Results showed non-significant difference in study variables with respect to gender. Regression analysis revealed that 23% variance was produced by peer relations in academic expectations. Results of One Way ANOVA showed significant difference between nuclear and joint family adolescents on peer relations, others expectations and self-expectations.

Estresse do Professor de Contabilidade: Modulação sob a Ótica da Teoria Demanda-Controle-Suporte

Objetivo: Identificar e analisar a influência que os níveis de demanda, controle e suporte exercem sobre o estresse autorrelatado pelos docentes dos cursos de Ciências Contábeis das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) do Brasil.Método: Utilizou-se de um survey com questões relativas à condição biopsicossocial dos 614 professores participantes, sobre a percepção de estresse destes com o Teacher Stress Inventory, e de demanda, controle e suporte emocional com o Job Demand-Control-Support. Resultados: O suporte e o controle contribuem, de forma significativa (p<0,01), para diminuir o estresse percebido pelos professores. Contudo, as demandas presentes nas IES contribuem para majorar (p<0,01) o estresse. Foi apurado, também, que a idade, a percepção positiva sobre o estado de saúde mental e a satisfação geral com a profissão e com os próprios alunos são fatores capazes de modular, negativamente, o estresse do professor (p<0,01). Porém, ser mulher, lecionar pela manhã e ser professor em uma IES pública aumentam a percepção de estresse dos respondentes (p<0,01). Contribuições: Considerando que a capacidade de adaptação das pessoas é limitada, este trabalho permite descortinar as circunstâncias que podem agravar os efeitos causados pelo estresse, tendo em vista o acréscimo de demandas físicas e emocionais, resultando, inclusive, em doenças psicossomáticas. Palavras-chaves: Ensino superior; Estresse; Docência; Saúde mental; Ciências Contábeis.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA FAKTOR INDIVIDU DAN KEJENUHAN DENGAN STRES KERJA PADA GURU SEKOLAH DASAR SEDERAJAT

Kejenuhan merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya stres kerja. Salah satu pekerjaan yang berisiko mengalami stres kerja adalah guru Sekolah Dasar Sederajat karena memiliki tanggungjawab yang lebih besar dan rutinitas kerja monoton. Stres kerja disebabkan oleh faktor individu yang meliputi jenis kelamin, usia dan masa kerja serta kejenuhan sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya pencegahan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara faktor individu dan kejenuhan dengan stres kerja pada guru Sekolah Dasar Sederajat di Kecamatan Wuluhan, Kabupaten Jember. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini sebanyak 339 guru dengan sampel sebanyak 116 guru. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data primer yang didapatkan melalui angket online dengan menggunakan google form. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS) untuk mengetahui kejenuhan dan Occupational Stress Inventory Revised (OSI-R) untuk mengetahui stres kerja. Analisis data bivariat dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin (р-value=0,585) dan masa kerja (р-value=0,203) tidak memiliki hubungan dengan stres kerja. Terdapat hubungan antara usia (р-value=0,049) dengan stres kerja dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kejenuhan (р-value = 0,602) dengan stres kerja. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terdapat responden yang mengalami kejenuhan dan stres kerja berat. Saran yang dapat diberikan kepada kepala sekolah adalah untuk melakukan evaluasi berupa sharing terkait hambatan yang dirasakan guru dan melakukan pelatihan untuk menunjang kompetensi yang dimiliki.

EKSPLORASI KECERDASAN DAYA JUANG (ADVERSITY QUOTIENT) MAHASISWA AKUNTANSI DALAM TINJAUAN FENOMENOLOGI

Riset ini adalah riset keperilakuan yang bermanfaat bagi pendidikan akuntansi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu eksplorasi daya juang (adversity quotient) mahasiswa ketika dihadapkan pada situasi-situasi pemicu stres karena berdasarkan hasil riset sebelumnya, mayoritas menunjukkan kecenderungan tingkat stres di kalangan mahasiswa. Kecerdasan daya juang (adversity quotient) tersebut merupakan salah satu aspek otak kanan yaitu unsur kecerdasan berlandaskan Tuhan, hati dan perasaan. Penelitian yang bersifat prediktif untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab stres mahasiswa dinilai belum lengkap. Atas dasar tersebut, peneliti menyajikan kisah daya juang mahasiswa dalam menghadapi tantangan dan peluang stres nya masing-masing dengan menggunakan salah satu metode dalam riset kualitatif yaitu metode fenomenologi transendental. Riset ini memanfaatkan hasil kuesioner dari penelitian sebelumnya yang berjudul “Academic Stress Inventory of Students at Universities and Colleges Technology” dengan informan mahasiswa Akuntansi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kecerdasan daya juang (adversity quotient) atau sederhana nya kemampuan individu menghadapi kesulitan berbeda antara satu dengan lain sesuai karakter individu masing-masing yaitu climbers, campers dan quitters. Tipe quitters adalah individu dengan dorongan untuk maju yang rendah dan memiliki sedikit ambisi. Tipe campers dapat didefinisikan sebagai individu yang telah berhenti bergerak maju dalam karier mereka karena mereka telah lelah dengan banyak rintangan di lingkungan dan cenderung puas dengan keadaan saat ini. Di sisi lain, tipe climbers merupakan individu yang terus mencari perbaikan dan menginginkan pertumbuhan dalam hidup nya.

Academic Expectations of Stress Inventory: A Psychometric Evaluation of Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version

This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Academic Expectations of Stress Inventory (AESI) in terms of validity and reliability measurements among Persian students. A total sample of 620 high-school students (nfemale = 328, nmale = 292) was recruited to complete scales on academic expectations of stress, self-efficacy, and depression. The AESI was translated from English to Persian and its translation was further checked by three experts. We used a cross-sectional research design to collect data. The results approved the internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent, and construct validity of the ASEI. Additionally, confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure of the AESI, including the expectation of self and the expectations of parents/teachers. AESI was related to depression and self-efficacy in an empirically and theoretically expected direction. Moreover, configural and metric invariance were supported by gifted vs. non-gifted groups, but not scalar. No invariance was supported by gender groups. In conclusion, the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the AESI were confirmed to be used for educational, clinical, and research purposes in Iran.

Confirming the Reliability and Validity of the Sexual Minority Adolescent Stress Inventory in a National Sample of Sexual Minority Adolescents

Objective: Sexual minority adolescents (SMA) experience numerous behavioral health disparities, including depression, anxiety, substance use, non-suicidal self-injury, and suicidality. The primary framework to understand these disparities is minority stress theory, which frames this disproportionate burden as the result of discrimination, violence, and victimization in a homophobic culture. Empirical examinations of minority stress among SMA have been limited by lack of diverse samples or validated measures. This study engaged a national community sample of SMA to confirm reliability and validity of the Sexual Minority Adolescent Stress Inventory (SMASI).Method: A national sample of 2,310 SMA aged 14–17 was recruited in the United States through a hybrid social media and respondent-driven sampling approach. Item response theory and confirmatory factor analysis established the psychometric properties of the SMASI in this sample; minority stress was modeled as a latent variable in several regression models to verify criterion and divergent validity.Results: In this national sample (M age = 15.9; 64% female and 60% White), the factor structure of the SMASI and its 11 subscales was confirmed and shown to be invariant by demographic characteristics. Minority stress as measured by the SMASI was significantly associated with all mental and behavioral health outcomes.Conclusions: This study provides evidence that SMASI is a reliable, valid, and important tool for better understanding minority stress and subsequent health and mental health consequences among SMA.

Burnout: Hubungannya dengan Tekanan Kerja dalam kalangan Guru-Guru Pendidikan Jasmani Sekolah Menengah di Daerah Kota Kinabalu, Sabah

Tekanan kerja yang melampau perlu ditangani dengan cepat bagi mengelakkan berlakunya burnout dalam kalangan guru-guru di sekolah. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengenal pasti tahap tekanan kerja dengan tahap burnout guru-guru Pendidikan Jasmani di Daerah Kota Kinabalu. Seterusnya kajian ini juga dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti hubungan antara tekanan kerja dengan burnout guru-guru Pendidikan Jasmani di Daerah Kota Kinabalu. Kajian ini menggunakan kajian tinjauan yang melibatkan seramai 136 orang guru Pendidikan Jasmani. Bagi memenuhi kehendak kajian ini, satu tinjauan menggunakan soal selidik diedarkan instrumen kajian digunakan Teacher Stress Inventory dan Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Data dianalisis menggunakan perisian Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) versi 26.0. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tahap tekanan kerja berada pada tahap sederhana rendah. Tahap tekanan kerja bagi ketiga-tiga aspek iaitu kerenah pelajar, beban tugas, dan penghargaan berada pada tahap sederhana rendah manakala aspek kekangan masa mencatatkan tahap sederhana tinggi. Tahap burnout guru bagi sub skala keletihan emosi berada pada tahap rendah manakala sederhana tinggi bagi sub skala depersonalisasi dan lemah bagi sub skala pencapaian peribadi. Hasil kajian mendapati tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tekanan dengan sub skala burnout bagi keletihan emosi, depersonalisasi dan pencapaian peribadi.

Job Stress in Physiotherapy Teachers During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey

Background: Stress can affect a person in every day of life, in work, home etc. all the jobs can cause stress in varying degree. Related to work, such as teaching and jobs can cause more stress. Teacher stress has been defined as the experience by a teacher of negative, unpleasant three emotions such as the tension, anger, and depression as a result of some aspect of their work as a teacher. Methodology: A simple random sampling of 500 participants were included all over the India, from which 211 participants responded through google forms that were created and distributed through various social media platforms. Participants were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and hence 197 participants were in total included in the study. The selected participants were asked to fill the Teacher’s Stress inventory scale. Data analysis which included summarizing the collected data, analytical and logical reasoning was done. Result: Using 5 point -Likert scale, the average of 1.0-2 was 6%, the average derived 2.1-3 was 45%, similar result was obtained for the range between 3.1-4, whereas for the average 4.1-5 only 4% was observed. On comparing the cumulative results amongst males and females along with its average of 3.14 and 3.08 respectively, no significant difference was observed, since the t-test value was 0.5295. The standard deviation seen was ±0.64 and ±0.48 in males and females respectively. Conclusion: After the application of Teacher Stress Inventory- Revised Scale amongst Indian physiotherapist teachers, this study concluded that on an average, the teachers experience stress quite often amid COVID-19 Pandemic. Although there wasn’t any significant gender wise difference. KEY WORDS: Job stress, Physiotherapy Teachers, COVID-19 Pandemic.

RELAXATION TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE STRESS AND ANXIETY IN JIU-JITSU ATHLETES

This research addresses the relaxation techniques that can be used in athletes and other professionals to reduce stress and anxiety. This research aimed to analyze the benefits of the practice of relaxation in Jiu-Jitsu athletes from a gym in the north of Manaus, using a quantitative and qualitative approach of a descriptive nature. Relaxation techniques, Beck's anxiety inventory, Lipp's adult stress inventory and semi-structured interviews were used as instruments. The relaxation techniques used in the research were: progressive, passive and breathing. To verify the quantitative data, the statistical-descriptive strategy was applied and for the analysis of the qualitative data, the content analysis. In the results obtained, it was found that 100% of the participants had pathological stress and anxiety. With the application of relaxation techniques during the athletes 'training, a significant improvement was obtained in relation to the participants' stress and anxiety.

The Effects of Meditation with a Biofeedback Program on Stress and Depression Levels among People with Mild Depression Diabetes

Background: The increased amount of depression among people with diabetes is a burden on society. Biofeedback and meditation can impact the self-regulation of this group. Objective: This study aims to study the effect of combining meditation with a biofeedback training program on the stress and depression among diabetes people with mild depression. Methods: This study is based on a randomized controlled trial approach. One hundred two participants were divided into three groups of 34 participants each, involving meditation, a combination of meditation and Skin Conductance (SC) with Skin Temperature (ST) biofeedback, and a control group. All three groups received routine nursing. Measurements were made using the Symptoms of Stress Inventory (SOSI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and MANOVA and MANCOVA. The duration of the study was from June 2018 to October 2019. Results: There were statistically significant differences in stress and depression among the three groups. Those receiving both meditation and biofeedback had the greatest reduction in the linear combination of stress and depression. Accordingly, the biofeedback program is a program that is capable of helping people learn how to relax, as biofeedback instruments feed information back to people through on-screen visual signals, thus enabling them to learn about their progress and success. Conclusion: In summary, a combination of meditation and SC and ST biofeedback can reduce stress and depression in people with mild depression diabetes.