Tolerance of apple rootstocks to short-term waterlogging

ABSTRACT: Until few years ago there were limited options of apple rootstocks commercially available for Brazilian growers; although, new series of Geneva® rootstocks introduced recently present desirable features such as vigor control and wider lateral branch angle. On the main apple producing regions of Brazil, intermittent rainfall eventually occurs and waterlogged condition is frequent especially in high clay oxisols; in addition, little is known about the tolerance of rootstocks M.9, Marubakaido/M.9 interstock, G.202, G.213 and G.814 to waterlogging. Thus, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the tolerance of these rootstocks to short-term waterlogging on root and aerial parameters. Potted ‘Maxi Gala’ apple plants were kept under 48 hours of waterlogging weekly throughout 19 weeks to be compared with a normal hydric condition control. The evaluated variables were: leaf, stem and root dry matter, number and length of new root emission, and number of leaves, mean leaf size and chlorophyll content. Rootstocks G.202, G.814 and Marubakaido/M.9 interstock presented more tolerance to waterlogging, and the main defense mechanism was the emission of new adventitious roots.

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Effects of Temperature and CO2Concentration on the Growth of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500075779 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 751-757 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

David T. Patterson ◽

Maxine T. Highsmith ◽

Elizabeth P. Flint

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Net Assimilation Rate ◽

Assimilation Rate ◽

Short Term ◽

Leaf Weight ◽

Matter Production ◽

Total Plant ◽

Net Assimilation ◽

Total Dry Weight

Cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf were grown in controlled-environment chambers at day/night temperatures of 32/23 or 26/17 C and CO2concentrations of 350 or 700 ppm. After 5 weeks, CO2enrichment to 700 ppm increased dry matter accumulation by 38, 26, and 29% in cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively, at 26/17 C and by 61, 41, and 29% at 32/23 C. Increases in leaf weight accounted for over 80% of the increase in total plant weight in cotton and spurred anoda in both temperature regimes. Leaf area was not increased by CO2enrichment. The observed increases in dry matter production with CO2enrichment were caused by increased net assimilation rate. In a second experiment, plants were grown at 350 ppm CO2and 29/23 C day/night for 17 days before exposure to 700 ppm CO2at 26/17 C for 1 week. Short-term exposure to high CO2significantly increased net assimilation rate, dry matter production, total dry weight, leaf dry weight, and specific leaf weight in comparison with plants maintained at 350 ppm CO2at 26/17 C. Increases in leaf weight in response to short-term CO2enrichment accounted for 100, 87, and 68% of the observed increase in total plant dry weight of cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively. Comparisons among the species showed that CO2enrichment decreased the weed/crop ratio for total dry weight, possibly indicating a potential competitive advantage for cotton under elevated CO2, even at suboptimum temperatures.

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Tolerance of Basil Genotypes to Salinity

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n11p283 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 283 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Renata V. Menezes ◽

André D. Azevedo Neto ◽

Hans R. Gheyi ◽

Alide M. W. Cova ◽

Hewsley H. B. Silva

Keyword(s):

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Membrane Integrity ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Medicinal Species ◽

Relative Water ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Inorganic Solutes

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a medicinal species of Lamiaceae family, popularly known for its multiple benefits and high levels of volatile compounds. The species is considered to be one of the most essential oil producing plants. Also cultivated in Brazil as a condiment plant in home gardens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on the growth of basil in nutrient solution of Furlani and to identify variables related to the salinity tolerance in this species. The first assay was performed with variation of five saline levels (0 - control, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mM NaCl). In the second assay six genotypes were evaluated in two salinity levels 0 and 80 mM NaCl. The height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry mass and inorganic solutes in different organs, photosynthetic pigments, absolute membrane integrity and relative water content were evaluated. All biometric variables in basil were significantly reduced by salinity. Dry matter yield and percentage of membrane integrity were the variables that best discriminated the characteristics of salinity tolerance among the studied basil genotypes. Basil genotypes showed a differentiated tolerance among the genotypes, the ‘Toscano folha de alface’ being considered as the most tolerant and ‘Gennaro de menta’ as the most sensitive, among the species studied.

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Effect of Sulphur and GA3 on the Growth and Yield of Onion

Progressive Agriculture ◽

10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16749 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (1-2) ◽

pp. 57-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MHA Rashid

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Four Levels ◽

Experimental Findings ◽

Almost All ◽

Bulb Yield

An experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effects of sulphur and GA3 on the growth and yield performance of onion cv. BARI Peaj-1. The experiment included four levels of sulphur viz., 0 (control), 15, 30 and 45 kg/ha and four concentrations of GA3 viz., 0 (control), 50, 75, 100 ppm. The experimental findings revealed that sulphur and GA3 had significant influence on plant height, number of leaves per plant, bulb diameter and length, individual bulb weight, splitted and rotten bulb, bulb dry matter content and bulb yield. The highest bulb yield (13.85 t/ha) was recorded from 30 kg S/ha, while the lowest bulb yield (11.20 t/ha) was obtained from control. Most of the parameters showed increasing trend with the higher concentration of GA3. Application of GA3 @ 100 ppm gave the maximum bulb yield (15.23 t/ha), while the minimum value (10.10 t/ha) was observed from control. Almost all the parameters were significantly influenced by combined treatments of sulphur and GA3 except bulb length of onion. The maximum bulb dry matter content (13.50%) and bulb yield (17.10 t/ha) were produced from the application of sulphur @ 30 kg/ha with 100ppm GA3, while the minimum bulb dry matter content (9.23%) and bulb yield (9.33 t/ha) were recorded from control treatment of sulphur with GA3.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16749 Progress. Agric. 21(1 & 2): 57 - 63, 2010

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Viability of Biofertilizer Produced by an Indian Biodigester Prototype Applied to Sunflower Plants

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n10p253 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 253

Author(s):

Luciano Fernandes Moura ◽

Pedro Felipe Sousa Teixeira ◽

Franklin Aragão Gondim ◽

Francisco Holanda Nunes Junior ◽

Rifandreo Monteiro Barbosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Energy Use ◽

Polynomial Regression ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Low Cost ◽

Control Group ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Sunflower Crop ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Relative Chlorophyll Content

Biodigesters have been used to convert biomass into biogas and biofertilizers. This energy use has been important for the reduction of solid waste pollution in the environment. This work aims to analyse the viability of the use of pig biofertilizer produced by an Indian biodigester prototype, monitored by a data acquisition system. The biodigester used was an Indian prototype built on a low cost material that is easy to acquire (polyvinyl chloride-PVC). After the biofertilizer production, we tested its efficiency and viability under conditions of vegetation house in the cultivation of sunflower plants. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement with 4 concentrations of biofertilizer (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1) × 4 harvest periods (14, 21, 25 and 29 days after sowing). We evaluated biometric and vigor parameters by measurements of stem diameter, height of the aerial part, number of leaves and production of fresh and dry matter of roots, aerial and total parts, as well as the relative chlorophyll content. We performed the experiment with five repetitions using two plants each and we submitted the data to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and polynomial regression using the statistical software Sisvar 5.4. The functional Indian biodigester prototype produced a biofertilizer of excellent quality and viability as a biofertilizer for the initial growth of sunflower plants. The biofertilizer served as a nutritional source in the sunflower crop, since it provided increases in all the growth parameters analyzed in relation to the control group (plants in the absence of biofertilizer), especially in the concentration of 120 kg N ha-1.

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Effects of Moringa oleifera LAM, Leguminous Plants and NPK Fertilizer Comparatively on Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato in Alley Cropping System

International Journal of Environment ◽

10.3126/ije.v3i3.11061 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 24-35

Author(s):

IN Abdullahi ◽

PO Anyaegbu ◽

D Aliagbor

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Sweet Potato ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Alley Cropping ◽

Cropping System ◽

Leguminous Plants ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Npk Fertilizer ◽

Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato

The research work conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of University of Abuja was aimed at assessing the effect of Moringa oleifera, selected leguminous plants and inorganic fertilizer on the performance of orange fleshed sweet potato in Alley Cropping System. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) using five treatments with three replications was applied. Data collected include: percentage survival of sweet potato, length per vine (cm), number of leaves per vine, leaf area of sweet potato, weed dry matter (g/m2), yield of sweet potato roots. Highest number of leaves (28) per plant was recorded in the control plot while the plots with NPK fertilizer had the highest length per vine (94.55cm) though not significantly (p>0.05) different from others. Higher percent survival (88%) of sweet potato was recorded from control plots. Stands grown in Arachis hypogeae plots produced the highest leaf area (0.202m2) while plots in which NPK fertilizer was applied experienced highest weed dry matter (4.083g/m2) although highest root yield (1.2t/ha) was recorded from the plots with NPK fertilizer. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i3.11061 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(3) 2014: 24-35

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Effect of Planting Date and Gibberellic Acid on the Growth and Yield of Garlic

The Agriculturists ◽

10.3329/agric.v6i1.5224 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 132-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MA Islam ◽

MH Reza ◽

SMAHM Kamal ◽

MA Wazed ◽

KM Islam

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Plant Height ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Planting Date ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Planting Time ◽

Local Cultivar ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Bulb Yield

An experiment was conducted with a local cultivar of garlic to study the effects of planting date and gibberellic acid on the growth and yield of garlic at the field laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 2001 to April 2002. Early planting influenced the plant height, leaf number, bulb diameter and total dry matter. With the delay in planting time starting from November 7, the yield was chronologically reduced in later plantings. Significantly the highest bulb yield (2.67 t/ha) was recorded when planting was done on November 7 and lowest yield (0.92 t/ha) was obtained from December 22 planted crop. Bulb yield was higher in control plants than those of GA3 treated plants. The interaction effects of planting date and different concentrations of GA3 differed significantly in respect of plant height, number of leaves, bulb diameter and dry weight of roots, leaves and bulbs and yield of garlic.

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Effect of Zinc and Boron on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research ◽

10.9734/ajaar/2020/v12i130073 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 41-47

Author(s):

Nusrat Jahan ◽

Md. Ashabul Hoque ◽

Md. Rasal-Monir ◽

Sumya Fatima ◽

Mohammad Nurul Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Area Index ◽

Spad Value ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Fruit Diameter

The study was carried out to find out the effect of zinc (Zn) and boron (B) on growth and yield of okra (BARI Dherosh 1). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments of the experiment were, T0 (without Zn or B), T1 (20 kg Zn ha-1), T2 (30 kg Zn ha-1), T3 (10 kg B ha-1), T4 (20 kg B ha-1), T5 (20 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1), T6 (20 kg Zn ha-1 + 20 kg B ha-1), T7 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1) and T8 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 20 kg B ha-1) were undertaken to evaluate the best results of the study. The highest plant height was found in T8 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 20 kg B ha-1) but the highest number of leaves plant-1 was recorded from T7 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1). On the other hand, the maximum leaf area index, SPAD value, mean fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit dry matter (%), number of fruits plant-1, fresh fruit weight plant-1 , fruit yield plot-1 and fruit yield ha-1 were found in T7 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1), while the control (T0) showed lowest performance for the respected parameters. It is strongly concluded that 30 kg Zn ha-1 with 10 kg B ha-1 combination may be helpful for okra cultivation in the field level to increase okra production.

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Evaluation of the Efficiency of Foliar Nutrient with the Chemical Fertilizer of Super Swing and Whey in some Growth Parameters and Concentration of Certain Nutrients of Transplants of Sour Orange Citrus aurantium L.

Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.37077/25200860.2019.177 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 282-290

Author(s):

Nada A. El-Qatrani

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Sour Orange ◽

Stem Number ◽

High Concentration ◽

College Of Agriculture ◽

Foliar Nutrient ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Metabolic Performance

This study was carried out in the nursery of Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah during 2018 growing season. Completely randomized blocks design (C.R.B.D.) was used to investigate the effect of different concentrations of super swing (0, 0.5 and 1) g.l-1 and whey (0, 50 and 75) % and their interactions to enhance the growth parameters and chemical characteristics of Sour orange transplants. The results showed a significant increase in most of the measured growth parameters of transplants treated with high concentration of foliar spraying to both fertilizers. Application of super swing at 1 g.l-1 with whey at 75% together significantly increased the height of plant, the number of leaves, leaf area, the diameter of stem, number of flowers, the leaves content of both nitrogen and potassium, percentage of dry matter, and content of chlorophyll. Whereas, control treatment was significantly increased the water content compared to other treatments. Addition of growth-enhancing compounds such as super swing and whey extract to the plant can improve the metabolic performance and enhances the plant's ability to absorb nutrients from the soil.

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Increased Thermal Sensitivity of a Tropical Marine Gastropod Under Combined CO2 and Temperature Stress

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2021.643377 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jay J. Minuti ◽

Charlee A. Corra ◽

Brian S. Helmuth ◽

Bayden D. Russell

Keyword(s):

Defense Mechanism ◽

Thermal Sensitivity ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Lethal Temperature ◽

Weather Extremes ◽

Short Term ◽

Metabolic Plasticity ◽

The Face ◽

Metabolic Performance ◽

Maximum Metabolic Rate

The ability of an organism to alter its physiology in response to environmental conditions offers a short-term defense mechanism in the face of weather extremes resulting from climate change. These often manifest as multiple, interacting drivers, especially pH and temperature. In particular, decreased pH can impose constraints on the biological mechanisms which define thermal limits by throwing off energetic equilibrium and diminishing physiological functions (e.g., in many marine ectotherms). For many species, however, we do not have a detailed understanding of these interactive effects, especially on short-term acclimation responses. Here, we investigated the metabolic plasticity of a tropical subtidal gastropod (Trochus maculatus) to increased levels of CO2 (700 ppm) and heating (+3°C), measuring metabolic performance (Q10 coefficient) and thermal sensitivity [temperature of maximum metabolic rate (TMMR), and upper lethal temperature (ULT)]. Individuals demonstrated metabolic acclimation in response to the stressors, with TMMR increasing by +4.1°C under higher temperatures, +2.7°C under elevated CO2, and +4.4°C under the combined stressors. In contrast, the ULT only increased marginally in response to heating (+0.3°C), but decreased by −2.3°C under CO2, and −8.7°C under combined stressors. Therefore, although phenotypic plasticity is evident with metabolic acclimation, acute lethal temperature limits seem to be less flexible during short-term acclimation.

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Assimilate partitioning and phytotoxicity in soybean plants treated with herbicides

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83581996000100006 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 48-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ricardo A. Marenco ◽

Nei F. Lopes

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Plant Part ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Assimilate Partitioning ◽

Developing Seeds ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Stems And Leaves ◽

Soybean Plants

To investigate the effects of trifluralin, chlorimuron and clomazone on morphology and assimilate partitioning during soybean development, plants were grown in a greenhouse and sampled at 14-day intervals. Clomazone reduced stem and leaf dry matter accumulation at 14 days after emergence (DAE), while trifluralin and chlorimuron reduced plant part dry matter accumulation up to 28 DAE. The number of leaves, plant height, mass and number of pods and seeds, and the shoot/root ratio were not influenced by the herbicides. Roots, stems and leaves were the preferred sinks up to the R2 growth stage, while pods and developing seeds became the preferred sinks later. This order was not altered by the herbicides.

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