scholarly journals Assessment of the nitrification process in a culture of pacific white shrimp, using artificial substrate and bacterial inoculum in a biofloc technology system (BFT)

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia Brenda Veiga dos Santos ◽  
Plínio Schmidt Furtado ◽  
Dionéia Evangelista César ◽  
Wilson Wasielesky Junior
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Artificial Substrates ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Clear Water ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nitrification Process

ABSTRACT: Litopenaeus vannamei is the most cultured marine shrimp in all types of systems including the Bioflocs Technology System (BFT). Bioflocs are formed by microorganisms, among these, autotrophic bacteria are responsible for the nitrification process. This study aimed to identify and promote the development of nitrifying bacteria by adding artificial substrates and biofloc inoculum in L. vannamei culture in a BFT system. The experiment consisted of four treatments with three replics (4x3) as follows: (1) Control: clear water in which bioflocs were formed; (2) IN (10%): clear water with biofloc inoculum (10%); (3) IB: clear water with substrate (immature “bioballs”); and (4) MB: clear water with mature “bioballs” inoculum from a recirculation system. Treatments were stocked with shrimp juveniles (4.92±0.45 g) in 12 tanks with 200 L working volume at a stocking density of 200 shrimp/m³. Shrimps were fed twice a day with a commercial feed (38% CP) following a feeding table, and daily observations intake were made over the four weeks of the experiment. Biofloc and “bioballs” samples were collected to detect the growth of the population of nitrifying and heterotrophic bacteria by FISH. There was no significant difference between treatments (P>0.05) for survival, obtaining mean values greater than 88%. The IN (10%) treatment had lower concentrations of ammonia and nitrite, and nitrate concentration increased, while MB had a higher weight and biomass final, productivity, weekly weight gain and lower conversion of apparent feed for production performance results.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Pengolahan Air yang Mengandung Amonia Konsentrasi Tinggi Menggunakan Konsorsium Probiotik Komersial dan Bakteri Sedimen Kolam Lele

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hanies Ambarsari ◽  
Iman Syah ◽  
Rudi Nugroho ◽  
Brian Saputra Manurung ◽  
Fuzi Suciati
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Commercial Probiotics

ABSTRACTNitrification is one of the most widely used methods to reduce ammonia concentration in wastewater.The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of high-concentrated ammonia nitrification by the consortium between commercial probiotics and bacteria from the sediment of the catfish pond. The study was conducted on batch system bioreactors with a working volume of 1 liter containing 100 mg/L ammonia solution and 50 grams sediment of catfish pond. This study used a treatment variation of the concentration of commercial probiotics and the bacterial isolate from the catfish pond sediment using glucose as the carbon source. The variations of commercial probiotics added to the bioreactor were 5 ml/L, 10 ml/L and 15 ml/L. The variations of glucose concentration were 0 g/L and 3,9 g/L. Analysis of ammonia concentration was carried out by spectrophotometry using the phenate method. The highest removal efficiency of ammonia was 92.35% in the bioreactor with a mixture of 15 ml/L commercial probiotics and 3.9 g/L glucose with the fastest ammonia rate was on the third day of the experimental period. The addition of glucose in the bioreactors could increase ammonia removal by 57.39%. The result of statistical analysis indicated that variations in the concentration of commercial probiotic indicated no statistically significant difference in ammonia removal (P 0.05), while variations in glucose concentration showed a statistically significant difference in ammonia removal (P 0.05). Three isolates were successfully isolated on specific media for nitrifying bacteria. The result of bacterial identification showed that three isolated bacteria were Bacillus sp., Aeromonas salmonicida, and Burkholderia cepacia.Keywords: ammonia, nitrification, sediment of catfish pond, commercial probioticABSTRAKNitrifikasi merupakan salah satu metode yang paling banyak digunakan untuk mengurangi konsentrasi amonia pada limbah cair. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penambahan sedimen kolam lele dan probiotik komersial dalam nitrifikasi amonia konsentrasi tinggi. Penelitian menggunakan bioreaktor sistem batch dengan volume kerja 1 liter yang berisi larutan amonia 100 mg/L dan 50 gram sedimen kolam lele. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari pemberian variasi konsentrasi probiotik komersial dan sedimen kolam lele dengan sumber karbon glukosa. Variasi probiotik komersial yang ditambahkan pada bioreaktor adalah 5 ml/L, 10 ml/L dan 15 ml/L sedangkan variasi konsentrasi glukosa adalah 0 g/L dan 3,9 g/L. Analisis konsentrasi amonia dilakukan secara spektrofotometri menggunakan Metode Fenat. Hasil penurunan rata-rata amonia tertinggi adalah sebesar 92,35% pada bioreaktor dengan campuran probiotik komersial 15 ml/L dan glukosa 3,9 g/L dengan laju penurunan ammonia tercepat pada hari ke-3 periode eksperimen. Penambahan glukosa pada bioreaktor mampu meningkatkan penurunan amonia sebesar 57,39%. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa variasi konsentrasi probiotik komersial tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan pada penurunan amonia (p0,05) sedangkan variasi konsentrasi glukosa menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap penurunan amonia (p0,05). Tiga isolat berhasil diisolasi menggunakan media spesifik bakteri nitrifikasi. Hasil identifikasi dari tiga bakteri menunjukkan bahwa isolat tersebut adalah Bacillus sp., Aeromonas salmonicida dan Burkholderia cepacia.Kata kunci: amonia, nitrifikasi, sedimen kolam lele, probiotik komersial

Distribution of nitrifying bacteria in a shallow stream

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Jancarkova ◽  
Tove A. Larsen ◽  
Willi Gujer
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Channel Water ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
Major Floods ◽  
Shallow Stream ◽  
Stream Bed

A project investigating the dynamics of self-purification processes in a shallow stream is carried out. Effects of the concentration gradient due to the distance to the pollution source, of hydraulic conditions in the river bed and of storm floods on the distribution of nitrifying bacteria were studied with the help of laboratory and field experiments. Nitrifiers density on the surface of the stream bed increased rapidly up to a distance of 300 m from the WWTP indicating possible competition of the nitrifiers with the heterotrophic bacteria close to the WWTP. Afterwards a slight decrease in the downstream direction was observed. In vertical profiles, higher bacterial densities were found at sites with rapid infiltration of channel water to the stream bed than at sites with no exchange between channel water and stream bed water or where stream bed water exfiltrated. A major flood event scoured the nitrifiers nearly totally from the surface of the river bed. Major floods belong so to the most dominant processes controlling self-purification in shallow streams. Minor floods, however, don't scour bacteria in the depth of the stream bed that could then be important for the self-purification processes.

Effect of Supplementation of Multi Enzymes on Production Performance and Egg Quality Traits in White Leghorn Layers

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pandian ◽  
A. Sundaresan ◽  
A. V. Omprakash
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

The present study was conducted to assess the effect of supplementation of Multi-enzymes with lysophospholipids on production performance of pure line White Leghorn layers. Body weights before and after the experiment did not differ significantly across the experimental diets. Irrespective of the dietary treatments, the birds gained 3.83 per cent of live weight relative to its initial body weight. Mean per cent Hen housed egg production was significantly (Pis less than 0.05) higher in diet supplemented with 0.10 MEC-L than other groups. Mean egg weight and average daily feed consumption during 25 to 35 weeks of age indicated no significant effect of enzyme supplementation. Average daily feed consumption per bird in control, 0.05 % and 0.1% multi-enzyme supplemented groups was 108.13, 105.66 and 107.67 g respectively and birds offered control diet recorded numerically more feed intake than enzyme supplemented groups. Comparatively low feed per egg was observed in 0.10 per cent group followed by 0.05 per cent group which offers economic benefits than control diets. However, the egg quality traits between different dietary enzyme supplementation groups showed no significant difference.

The Effects of Production Performance Model and Competitive Environment of Hospital Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 300-301 ◽  
pp. 1623-1627
Author(s):  
Ching Kuo Wei
Keyword(s):  
Performance Model ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Competitive Environments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Efficiency Performance ◽  
Hospital Systems

This study investigated the efficiency performance of the production technology of the Department of Health (DOH)-affiliated hospital system in Taiwan in different competitive environments. This study used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to analyze a total of 396 hospitals of different systems in Taiwan. The results indicated that, in terms of the internal competitive environment, the production performance of hospital Q was the best, while that of hospital N was the worst. This study also analyzed the production performance and scale of DOH-affiliated hospitals and provided hospitals with a direction for scale development. Finally, this study proposed suggestions on improvement direction for hospitals with poor production performance. As for external competitive environment, there is no significant difference in the average efficiency among various hospital systems. However, there are a lot to be improved in DOH-affiliated hospitals, especially in the aspect of technology efficiency. The improvement of technology efficiency should be more beneficial to the overall efficiency.

scholarly journals Colonization by benthic macroinvertebrates in two artificial substrate types of a Riparian Forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Borges dos Santos ◽  
Cyntia Goulart Côrrea Bruno ◽  
Jean Carlos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Benthic Community ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Ecological Succession ◽  
Artificial Substrates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inorganic Substrates ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Inorganic Substrate

Abstract: Aim To analyze the efficiency of organic and inorganic substrates in samples of benthic macroinvertebrates of riparian forests from the Cerrado. Specific objectives (i) characterize the ecological succession and taxonomic richness of benthic macroinvertebrates in stream affluent of a riparian forest; (ii) analyze the influence of seasonality on the colonization of macroinvertebrates; and (iii) determine the effect of the types of artificial substrates on the richness, composition and abundance of the benthic community. Methods Sampling was carried out in the rainy and dry seasons, and we installed in the watercourse two types of substrates: organic (leaf packs) and inorganic (bricks), organized in pairs. Six samples per season were done to verify colonization, succession, richness and abundance of benthic community. The substrates were carefully sorted and the organisms were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Results The ecological succession was clearly observed, with the initial occurrence of Chironomidae and Baetidae (considered early colonizers), and a late occurrence of organisms such as Helotrephidae and Trichoptera (considered late colonizers). No significant difference was found in the richness and abundance among the studied seasons (rainy and dry), but the organic substrate was significantly higher than the inorganic substrate for these parameters. Conclusion Organic artificial substrates are more efficient in characterizing the community of benthic macroinvertebrates in the study area, because they are more similar to the conditions of the substrate found naturally in the environment.

scholarly journals Bacterial microbiota present in the gallbladder of cattle and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus isolates

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-647
Author(s):  
F.S. Dias ◽  
I.F. Santos ◽  
R.M. Franco ◽  
E.R. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Gallbladder Epithelium ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Persistent Carrier ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Pathogenic microorganisms can reside transiently or permanently in the gallbladder of cattle. Thus, during slaughter, more attention should be given to the gastrointestinal tract, especially to the accessory organ, the gallbladder. The main aim of this study was to characterize the bacterial microbiota present in bile and gallbladder epithelium of cattle slaughtered in a slaughtering plant under sanitary conditions and to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance in strains of the genus Staphylococcus. Thirty intact gallbladders were collected and the in bile and epithelium were researched for the presence of Aerobic Mesophilic Heterotrophic Bacteria (AMHB), Staphylococcusspp., total Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus spp. and Salmonella spp. The frequency of isolation of the microorganism mentioned above were, respectively: 23.02%, 14.39%, 13.67%, 24.46%, 0% and 24.46%. Concerning both gallbladder environments, the frequency of isolation of the microorganisms in the epithelium was 64.03%, and in the bile 35.97%, with no statistical difference, but with significant difference between the population averages. In antimicrobial susceptibility testing, strains of Staphylococcusfrom both bile and gallbladder epithelium showed sensitivity to the antimicrobials: penicillin G, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol and gentamicin. The observation that the gallbladder supports a high frequency of microorganisms brings us to the possible fact that cattle might be a persistent carrier of pathogens of great importance to public health.

scholarly journals Heterotrophic Bacteria Play an Important Role in Endemism of Cephalostachyum pingbianense (Hsueh & Y.M. Yang ex Yi et al.) D.Z. Li & H.Q. Yang, 2007, a Full-Year Shooting Woody Bamboo

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Tize Xia ◽  
Lushuang Li ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Peitong Dou ◽  
Hanqi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Soil Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Woody Bamboos ◽  
Soil Bacterial

The previous studies show soil microbes play a key role in the material and nutrient cycles in the forest ecosystem, but little is known about how soil microbes respond to plant distribution, especially in the soil bacterial community in woody bamboo forests. Cephalostachyum pingbianense (Hsueh & Y.M. Yang ex Yi et al.) D.Z. Li & H.Q. Yang, 2007 is known as the only bamboo species producing shoots all year round in natural conditions. Endemic to the Dawei mountain in Yunnan of China, this species is a good case to study how soil bacteria respond to plant endemic distribution. In this work, we assayed the soil chemical properties, enzyme activity, changes in the bacterial community along the distribution range of the C. pingbianense forest. The results showed that soil nutrients at the range edge were nitrogen-rich but phosphorus-deficient, and soil pH value and soil urease activity were significantly lower than that of the central range. No significant difference was detected in soil bacterial diversity, community composition, and function between the central and marginal range of C. pingbianense forest. Notably, the relative abundance of heterotrophy bacteria, such as Variibacter and Acidothermus, in the soil of the C. pingbianense forest was significantly higher than that of the outside range, which may lead to a higher soil organic carbon mineralization rate. These results imply that abundant heterotrophy bacteria were linked to the endemism and full-year shooting in C. pingbianense. Our study is amongst the first cases demonstrating the important role of heterotrophy bacteria in the distribution formation of endemic woody bamboos in special soil habitats, and provides insight into germplasm conservation and forest management in woody bamboos.

scholarly journals Evaluation of culturable, nitrifying, ammonium-oxidizing, and metabolically active bacteria in shrimp farm effluents of Kino Bay, Sonora, México

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 895-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nolberta Huerta-Aldaz ◽  
M.A. López-Torres ◽  
J.E. Valdez-Holguín ◽  
R.H. Barraza-Guardado
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Discharge Area ◽  
Shrimp Farm ◽  
Active Bacteria

Bacteria from shrimp farm effluents in Kino Bay, Sonora, M?xico were evaluated during the 2008 production cycle. The culturable bacterial populations considered were viable heterotrophic bacteria (VHB) and Vibrio-like bacteria (VLB). In addition, total bacteria (TB), metabolically active bacteria (MAB), nitrifying bacteria (NB), and ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were quantified by epifluorescence microscopy. Three sampling sites were established in the influence area of drain and one control site far from the discharge area. Average concentrations of VHB and VLB were 103 and 102 CFU mL-1, respectively. The TB ranged from 107 to 109 cells mL-1. The mean values of Mrelated to TB counts in the affected area were higher throughout the culture cycle compared to the control site, ranging from 1.09 to 27.35%. These results indicate that effluents modify the natural loads of bacteria in the discharge area, which could affect natural populations and the microbial balance of the area.

scholarly journals Water quality, growth and production performance of stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) in cemented tanks with two different stocking densities

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
Dulon Roy ◽  
Abdullah Al Masud ◽  
Pritam Kumar Saha ◽  
MM Kutubuddin ◽  
Md Muzahidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Heteropneustes Fossilis ◽  
Tank Culture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
T1 And T2

Attempt has been taken to develop intensive tank culture technique providing natural environment for Stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) inside tank to increase survival rate as well as production. The experiment was conducted for a period of 150 days in two tanks (T1 and T2) of 300 m2. Fish fries with a mean weight and length ranged from 1.02 to 2.2 g and 2.7 to 3.5 cm were stocked in T1 and T2, respectively. Stocking density of fingerlings were 1, 25,000 and 1, 50,000 per Ha in T1 and T2, respectively. Commercial pelleted feed was supplied to tank reared fish twice daily at a rate of 3-10% of body weight per day and later feeding rate was adjusted based on body weight by sampling. Important water quality parameters (temperature, DO, pH, transparency, ammonia and nitrate) were recorded weekly throughout the culture period. Survival rate was 87% and 84% in T1 and T2, respectively. Mean final weight were 41.73 ± 2.09g and 40.6 ± 0.90 g in T1 and T2, respectively. Length-weight relationship indicates that the growth rate was always higher in T1 followed by T2. Results showed that net yield was relatively higher in T2 (5115.35 ± 113.13 Kg/ha) than T1 (4537.12 ± 227.4 Kg/ha). In case of production, there was significant difference (p < 0.05) between two treatments. This experiment demonstrated the potential of H. fossilis production through new technique of tank culture system. However, more research is needed using local feed ingredients with higher stocking density. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 107-119, 2019

Nitrification as a source of soluble organic substrate in biological treatment

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Rittmann ◽  
John M. Regan ◽  
David A. Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Soluble Microbial Products ◽  
Microbial Products

In complex, multispecies populations, exchange of substrates can be an important beneficial interaction. Prior experimental and theoretical work has led to the hypothesis that the formation of soluble microbial products (SMP) by nitrifying bacteria can provide a supplementary organic substrate for heterotrophic bacteria, thereby augmenting their accumulation and stability, especially when inputs of organic substrates are low. In this study, chemostat experiments carried out with a NO2−-oxidizing strain (Nitrobacter sp.) and an NH4+-oxidizing strain (Nitrosomonas europaea) demonstrated that both nitrifiers produce SMP that can support heterotrophic bacteria. The first evidence was the presence of significant concentrations of soluble COD in the chemostat effluent, even though the influent was free of organic compounds. Second, a small heterotrophic population was maintained, apparently through utilization of the nitrifier-produced SMP. A preliminary kinetic analysis suggested that SMP kinetic parameters can be adapted from parameters measured for heterotrophs.

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