scholarly journals Rooting competence of mini-cuttings of Cabralea canjerana clones in different seasons

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Burin ◽  
Sorhaila Camila Batistel ◽  
Gabriele Lohmann ◽  
Dilson Antônio Bisognin
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
High Competence ◽  
Rooting Competence

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this research were to evaluate the rooting competence of mini-cuttings throughout the four seasons and to estimate the adventitious rooting time of canjerana clones. A clonal mini-garden was established with 11 clones in a closed hydroponic system. Evaluations were performed throughout the four seasons for the number of mini-cuttings produced per mini-stump, percentage of survival and rooting of mini-cuttings, number of roots, average root length, and number of rooted mini-cuttings per mini-stump. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared. A rooting curve was estimated for clones 10SM05, 12SMI25, and 12SMI43 that exhibited high competence for adventitious rooting. Our results indicated that canjerana clones can be selected for adventitious rooting competence of mini-cuttings during different seasons, and that canjerana mini-cuttings should be cultivated for 63 days in a rooting chamber.

SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GRASSES HARVESTED FROM THE NATURAL PASTURE IN OGUN STATE SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
O. A. OKUKENU ◽  
B. T. AKINYEMI ◽  
P. A. DELE ◽  
A. A. OLAJIDE ◽  
A.O. JOLAOSHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Dominant Grasses

The research was carried was carried out to evaluate the chemical composition of the dominant grasses harvested from the natural pasture in selected villages in Ogun State, South-western Nigeria at different seasons. The study was carried out using a 4 × 6 factorial arrangement comprising four seasons (early rain, late rain, early dry and late dry) at six locations (Afami, Atokun, Ibooro, Ileniku, Ipaaya, and Okerori). Results showed that the crude protein (CP) content significantly (p<0.05) varied from 5.56 % for Okerori to 7.34 % for Ibooro and the grasses harvested at Afami had the highest (72.75 %) neutral detergent fibre (NDF) values with the least (68.75 %) value recorded for Okerori, while the acid detergent fibre (ADF) values ranged from 41.00 % for Atokun to 48.25 % for Okerori. Also, CP value as affected by the season ranged from 4.23 % for late rainy to 9.44 % for the early rainy season and NDF values from 67.33% for late dry to 72.33 % for late rainy season while the early dry season had the highest value (48.00 %) for ADF with the least value (40.33 %) was recorded for the early rainy season. The phosphorus (P) value was highest at Ipaaya (2.99 g/kg) with the least value observed at Okerori (1.62 g/kg). The value for calcium ranged from 2.55 g/kg at Afami to 6.59 g/kg at Okerori. The P value of grasses as affected by seasons ranged from 1.46 g/kg for early dry to 2.66 g/kg for early rainy seasons.

scholarly journals AVOCADO SEEDLINGS MULTIPLE STEMS PRODUCTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCUS VINICIUS SANDOVAL PAIXÃO ◽  
JOSÉ CARLOS LOPES ◽  
EDILSON ROMAIS SCHMILDT ◽  
RODRIGO SOBREIRA ALEXANDRE ◽  
CAROLINE MERLO MENEGHELLI
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Multiple Stems

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the potential of multi-stems in avocado seeds according to their mass as well as the adventitious rooting of multi-stem budding with or without the use of auxin. The research was carried out at the Vegetation House of Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Campus Santa Teresa -ES, with seeds of different masses: <60 g, 61 to 80 g, 81 to 100 g and >100 g, in which each experimental unit was made of five seeds, distributed within five repetitions, under a completely randomized design. The seeds were put to germinate and the percentage number of emergence and multiple stems were evaluated. After 150 days, the following evaluations were carried out: survival of rooted cuttings; number of leaves; stem diameter; root length; root volume; root and shoot fresh mass; root and shoot dry mass; shoot height; absolute growth and shoot growth rate; shoot dry weight/root dry mass ratio; shoot height/stem diameter ratio; shoot height/root length and Dickson's quality index ratio. Avocado seeds with mass over 100 g and between 81-100 g presented higher percentage of multiple stems. Rods over 20 cm that were not treated with IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) resulted on avocado plants of better quality. The use of IBA (2000 mg L-1) does not affect the rooting and growth of avocado's multi-stem plants.

scholarly journals Vegetation responses to season of fire in an aseasonal, fire-prone fynbos shrubland

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tineke Kraaij ◽  
Richard M. Cowling ◽  
Brian W. van Wilgen ◽  
Diba R. Rikhotso ◽  
Mark Difford
Keyword(s):  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Recruitment Success ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Varied Response ◽  
One Year

Season of fire has marked effects on floristic composition in fire-prone Mediterranean-climate shrublands. In these winter-rainfall systems, summer-autumn fires lead to optimal recruitment of overstorey proteoid shrubs (non-sprouting, slow-maturing, serotinous Proteaceae) which are important to the conservation of floral diversity. We explored whether fire season has similar effects on early establishment of five proteoid species in the eastern coastal part of the Cape Floral Kingdom (South Africa) where rainfall occurs year-round and where weather conducive to fire and the actual incidence of fire are largely aseasonal. We surveyed recruitment success (ratio of post-fire recruits to pre-fire parents) of proteoids after fires in different seasons. We also planted proteoid seeds into exclosures, designed to prevent predation by small mammals and birds, in cleared (intended to simulate fire) fynbos shrublands at different sites in each of four seasons and monitored their germination and survival to one year post-planting (hereafter termed ‘recruitment’). Factors (in decreasing order of importance) affecting recruitment success in the post-fire surveys were species, pre-fire parent density, post-fire age of the vegetation at the time of assessment, and fire season, whereas rainfall (for six months post-fire) and fire return interval (>7 years) had little effect. In the seed-planting experiment, germination occurred during the cooler months and mostly within two months of planting, except for summer-plantings, which took 2–3 months longer to germinate. Although recruitment success differed significantly among planting seasons, sites and species, significant interactions occurred among the experimental factors. In both the post-fire surveys and seed planting experiment, recruitment success in relation to fire- or planting season varied greatly within and among species and sites. Results of these two datasets were furthermore inconsistent, suggesting that proteoid recruitment responses are not related to the season of fire. Germination appeared less rainfall-dependent than in winter-rainfall shrublands, suggesting that summer drought-avoiding dormancy is limited and has less influence on variation in recruitment success among fire seasons. The varied response of proteoid recruitment to fire season (or its simulation) implies that burning does not have to be restricted to particular seasons in eastern coastal fynbos, affording more flexibility for fire management than in shrublands associated with winter rainfall.

scholarly journals Growth of escarole in different seasons of year, RS, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Daniele Cristina Fontana ◽  
Braulio Otomar Caron ◽  
Denise Schmidt ◽  
Daniela Meira ◽  
Thais Pollon Zanatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Santa Maria

The lack of research about escarole cultivars adapted to each region, as well as technical information on plant growth have been some of the factors related to low yields. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the growth of escarole crop in four seasons of year in Santa Maria, RS. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, 1 x 4, being a escarole (cultivar Escorola Lisa®) evaluated in four seasons of year (summer, autumn, winter and spring), in six replications. The evaluations were performed in a destructive manner every seven days, from date of transplant to harvest point. The following components were analyzed: number of leaves, number of residues, dry mass of leaves, dry mass of leaves, stem and residue. Thus, it was determined the parameters for growth analysis. With the data obtained, we performed a variance analysis, and presented significant results, and the means of each season of the year submitted to the Tukey test at 5% of error probability. The air temperature and global radiation influence crop cycle. Lower temperatures and lower incidence of radiation result in cycle extended, as observed in autumn. The escarole growth is influenced by seasons of year in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), and summer and spring finish the cycle in advance to others, presenting a larger leaf area. Summer and spring are most indicated season to escarole crop in RS, Brazil.

scholarly journals Assessing the effect of oxidative enzymes and stem anatomy on adventitious rooting of Olea europaea (L.) leafy cuttings

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. e0803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoleta-Kleio Denaxa ◽  
Peter A. Roussos ◽  
Stavros N. Vemmos ◽  
Konstantinos Fasseas
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Stem Anatomy ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Set Up

Aim of study: To assess the role of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and indole-3-acetic acid oxidase (IAAox) during adventitious rooting (Ar) in semi-hardwood cuttings of the easy-to-root olive cv. ‘Arbequina’ and the difficult-to-root cv. ‘Kalamata’. Simultaneously, a histological study was carried out in both cultivars to investigate the tissue related with Ar development.Area of study: The rooting experiments were carried out in ‘Kostelenos’ nurseries (Troizinia, Greece) and in Agricultural University of Athens.Material and methods: Plant material to set up the experiment was collected from current year shoots from 15-year-old mother plants of ‘Arbequina’ and ‘Kalamata’ at three different seasons (summer, autumn and spring). The auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 2000 mg L-1 was used as rooting inducer.Main results: Analysis revealed that ‘Kalamata’ had significantly higher enzymatic activities before experiment onset and during Ar compared to ‘Arbequina’. Control cuttings of both cultivars exhibited increased enzymatic activities compared to IBA treated ones. IAAox was on average three times higher in ‘Kalamata’ than in ‘Arbequina’ and exhibited significant peaks during Ar. Similar peaks of POD and PPO activities were also detected. Histological analyses in ‘Kalamata’ revealed a continuous sheath of sclerenchyma ring and increased cortex thickness. Significant cell proliferation occurred in the phloem region in ‘Arbequina’ 15 days after planting and afterwards the root initials started developing in the secondary phloem from cambial cells.Research highlights: The differences in enzymatic activities as well as in stem anatomy could partly justify the different rooting ability of both cultivars.

scholarly journals ADVENTITIOUS ROOTING COMPETENCE AND RESCUE OF ADULT MATE PLANTS BY CUTTINGS

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilson Antônio Bisognin ◽  
Kelen Haygert Lencina ◽  
Leandro Vinicius da Luz ◽  
Frederico Dimas Fleig ◽  
Denise Gazzana
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Epicormic Shoots ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
Potential Success ◽  
Rooting Competence ◽  
Adult Plants

ABSTRACT The competence of adult plants of mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) to undergo adventitious rooting is essential to their vegetative rescue by cuttings. This study aimed to evaluate the adventitious rooting competence of adult mate plants, and then rescue these plants by making cuttings from epicormic shoots induced in different trunk positions. The percent survival and rooting of cuttings from epicormic shoots induced by girdling in seven adult plants were evaluated. The two stock plants whose cuttings had the highest rooting competence were further pruned and girdled to evaluate the effect of the position of epicormic shoots on their adventitious rooting competence. The potential success of rescuing of the same adult plants was also studied with cuttings of epicormic shoots induced by coppicing. The shoots were sectioned in single-bud cuttings, either treated with 3,000 mg L-1 indolebutyric acid or untreated, and then cultivated in a humid chamber for 60 days, and then the percent survival and rooting of cuttings was evaluated. In conclusion, we found that it is possible to rescue adult mate plants by cuttings from epicormic shoots induced by pruning, girdling, or coppicing. The adventitious rooting competence of cuttings differs among adult mate plants, and depends on the position of the epicormic shoots on the trunk from which epicormic shoots are collected.

Seasonal Preferences and Interactions of Visual/ Auditory Elements of Streetscape in Namwon City, Korea

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung-Ho Han ◽  
Mun-Ki Joo ◽  
Jeong-Tai Kim ◽  
Yang-Ki Oh
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Natural Sounds ◽  
Visual Preference ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Culture Tradition

This study investigated the seasonal preference for visual and auditory elements of streetscape of Korean citizen, and examined the interaction of these elements in different seasons. According to an environmental psychological approach called the caption evaluation method, 45 college students examined the streetscape of Namwon City in North Jeolla Province in different periods of the four seasons. There was interaction between the visual as well as auditory elements of streetscape and with seasons. In spring, summer and autumn, visual preference for natural elements was the highest while visual preference for artificial elements was the highest in winter. Analysis of the order of visual preference of elements found that respecting and enhancing natural/ecological environment and traditional/cultural streetscape of local community was important to improve the visual preference of streetscape. In spring, summer and autumn, auditory preference for natural sounds was the highest while auditory preference for social sounds was the highest in winter. This paper provides an insight for future determination, to decide what attention is required to improve visual preference of the urban elements; to ensure urban landscaping would provide a harmonious ecological environment that would respect culture, tradition and nature.

scholarly journals Aerosol pH and its influencing factors in Beijing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ding ◽  
Pusheng Zhao ◽  
Jie Su ◽  
Qun Dong ◽  
Xiang Du
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Aerosol Acidity ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Fine Mode ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. Acidity (pH) plays a key role in the physical and chemical behavior of aerosol and cannot be measured directly. In this work, aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) and size-resolved pH are predicted by thermodynamic model (ISORROPIA-II) in 2017 of Beijing. The mean aerosol pH over four seasons is 4.3±1.6 (spring), 4.5±1.1 (winter), 3.9±1.3 (summer), 4.1±1.0 (autumn), respectively, showing the moderate aerosol acidity. The aerosol pH in fine mode is in the range of 1.8 ~ 3.9, 2.4 ~ 6.3 and 3.5 ~ 6.5 for summer, autumn and winter, respectively. And coarse particles are generally neutral or alkaline. Diurnal variation of aerosol pH follows both aerosol components (especially the sulfate) and ALWC. For spring, summer and autumn, the averaged nighttime pH is 0.3~0.4 unit higher than that on daytime. Whereas in winter, the aerosol pH is relatively low at night and higher at sunset. SO42− and RH are two crucial factors affecting aerosol pH. For spring, winter and autumn, the effect of SO42− on aerosol pH is greater than RH, and it is comparable with RH in summer. The aerosol pH decreases with elevated SO42− concentration. As the NO3− concentration increases, the aerosol pH firstly increases and then decreases. Sulfate-dominant aerosols are more acidic with pH lower than 4, whereas nitrate-dominated aerosols are weak in acidity with pH ranges 3~5. In recent years, the dominance of NO3− in inorganic ions may be another reason responsible for the moderately acidic aerosol. ALWC has a different effect on aerosol pH in different seasons. In winter, the increasing RH could reduce the aerosol pH whereas it shows a totally reverse tendency in summer, and the elevated RH has little effect on aerosol pH in spring and autumn when the RH is between 30 % and 80 %. The dilution effect of ALWC on Hair+ is only obvious in summer. The elevated NH3 and NH4+ could reduce aerosol acidity by decreasing Hair+ concentration exponentially.

Influence Analysis of Phy-Oceanography Processes for Distribution Characteristics of Dissolved Oxygen in Fujian and Zhejiang Waters

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 2755-2762
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Ying Yu Liang ◽  
Bei Zhang ◽  
Pan Jun Du ◽  
Yue Jun Fei
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Horizontal Distribution ◽  
Coastal Current ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Sea Current ◽  
Different Seasons

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of sea waters is an important index to ecologic environment of sea. Multidisciplinary surveys were carried out in four seasons from August 2006 to December 2007 in Fujian and Zhejiang waters. Contents of DO in winter and spring were higher than those in summer and autumn. Except for winter, contents of DO show a decreasing trend from surface water to bottom. The overall horizontal distribution of DO In the shore is higher than that of in offshore,but the detailed distribution is different in different seasons. The influence of Physical oceanography processes such as coastal current of Fujian and Zhejiang ,coastal upwelling and the intrusion of open-sea current, on Distribution Characteristics of Dissolved Oxygen was discussed by analyzing hydrologic and meteorologic data. The main conclusions are as follows:The contents of DO is negative correlated with Seawater temperature and salinity. The contents of DO in the shore is high which is impacted by the Yangtze diluted water and coastal current of Fujian and Zhejiang: There are three main reasons why the contents of DO are low in part sea waters of the studied area, which are the intrusion of Taiwan warm current and kuroshio water, the coastal upwelling and the stratification of water.

scholarly journals Home-Advantage during COVID-19: An Analysis in Portuguese Football League

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3761
Author(s):  
Rui Matos ◽  
Diogo Monteiro ◽  
Raul Antunes ◽  
Diogo Mendes ◽  
João Botas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Future Studies ◽  
Complementary Methods ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Home Advantage ◽  
Different Seasons

Covid-19 pandemic forced, at the final rounds of 2019–2020 season, in many different sport leagues worldwide, teams to play without an audience. Therefore, the present paper aims to compare the home advantage score in the last ten rounds in 2019–2020 season with the first 24 rounds in same season using Pollard’s (1986) and Matos et al.’s (2020) methods. In addition, comparisons across different seasons (2016–2017; 2017–2018; 2018–2019 and 2019–2020) using the same methods were also analyzed. Results showed no differences (p > 0.05) between first 24 rounds and the last 10 in 2019–2020 season as well as in the 3 previous seasons. With Pollard’s method, no differences (p > 0.05) were also found among those four seasons on global (all 34 rounds) home advantage. However, a significance difference between 2017–2018 and 2019–2020 (p < 0.05) was founded using Matos et al.’s (2020) method, which is an indicator of the importance of using complementary methods when analyzing the same realities. Overall, despite what might be expectable from recent findings, the lack of an audience in the last 10 rounds of Portuguese Football League 2019–2020 season, due to COVID-19 pandemic, did not affect home advantage. Therefore, future studies could try to analyze other different variables in Portuguese Football League, such as referees’ behaviors, rules changing (e.g., the possibility of making five substitutions, instead of three), crowd dimension and density as well as include variables about odds as forecasts in football being played without crowds.

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