Shade stress on maize seedlings biomass production and photosynthetic traits

ABSTRACT: The responses of two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars, ‘LY336’ (shade tolerant) and ‘LC803’ (shade sensitive), to shade stress in a pot experiment conducted in the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons were investigated. The impact of 50% shade stress treatment on shoot biomass, photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was evaluated. The shoot biomass of the two maize hybrids was decreased significantly by shade stress treatment, for shade stress 7 d, the LC803 and LY336 were reduced by 56.7% and 44.4% compared with natural light. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of LY336 were not significantly affected by shade stress, whereas those of LC803 were significantly affected, the Fo increased under shade stress; however Fm, FV/FM and ΦPSII were decreased under shade stress. Among photosynthetic parameters measured, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate were significantly decreased compared with natural light, LY336 and LC803 reduction by 28.0%, 22.2%, 57.7% and 35.5%, 18.9%, 62.4%; however, intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was significantly increased, for the two cultivars. Under shade stress for different durations (1, 3, 5, 7 d), Pn, Gs, Ci, and MDA content differed significantly between the two cultivars. Results indicated that different maize genotypes showed different responses to shading. Shade-tolerant genotypes are only weakly affected by shade stress.

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Effects of lead on growth, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant activity and photosynthetic responses in Phoebe chekiangensis seedlings

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha48311933 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 1637-1648

Author(s):

Yujie YANG ◽

Wenjie LI ◽

Xinru HE ◽

Die HU ◽

Yongjun FEI

Keyword(s):

Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Root Surface ◽

Root Surface Area ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Root Volume ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Mda Content ◽

Photosynthetic Responses ◽

Intercellular Co2

Experiments were conducted on 1-year Phoebe chekiangensis seedlings treated by different concentration (0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 mg/L) of Pb (NO3)2. Sixty days later, determination was implemented on seedling growth, physiological and photosynthetic parameters. The results showed that the lower concentration treated could promote the growth of the seedlings. But with the increase of concentration of lead, P. chekiangensis seedling height increment, ground diameter growth, whole biomass, total root surface area, root volume, total root length and root activity decreased, while root-shoot ratio present a rising trend. With the increase of concentration of Pb(NO3)2 solution, the membrane permeability and MDA content of P. chekiangensis seedlings showed a trend of rise after the first reduce; the protein content and chlorophyll content presented a trend of decrease after the first increase; while the POD, SOD and CAT activity increased firstly but decreased afterwards; the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate were all increase at first then decrease, which indicated that protection enzyme activity and membrane was damaged thus the growth of P. chekiangensis seedlings was inhibited.

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Effect of Bacillus spp. and Brevibacillus sp. on the Photosynthesis and Redox Status of Solanum lycopersicum

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7020024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Marino Costa-Santos ◽

Nuno Mariz-Ponte ◽

Maria Celeste Dias ◽

Luísa Moura ◽

Guilhermina Marques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽

Redox Status ◽

Antioxidant Defenses ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Potted Plants ◽

Chlorophylls A And B ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

The Impact

Plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are gaining attention as a sustainable alternative to current agrochemicals. This study evaluated the impact of three Bacillus spp. (5PB1, 1PB1, FV46) and one Brevibacillus sp. (C9F) on the important crop tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) using the model cv. ‘MicroTom’. The effects of these isolates were assessed on (a) seedlings’ growth and vigor, and (b) adult potted plants. In potted plants, several photosynthetic parameters (chlorophylls (a and b), carotenoids and anthocyanins contents, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, net CO2 photosynthetic rate, and intercellular CO2 concentration, and on chlorophyll fluorescence yields of light- and dark-adapted leaves)), as well as soluble sugars and starch contents, were quantified. Additionally, the effects on redox status were evaluated. While the growth of seedlings was, overall, not influenced by the strains, some effects were observed on adult plants. The Bacillus safensis FV46 stimulated the content of pigments, compared to C9F. Bacillus zhangzhouensis 5PB1 increased starch levels and was positively correlated with some parameters of the photophosphorylation and the gas exchange phases. Interestingly, Bacillus megaterium 1PB1 decreased superoxide (O2−) content, and B. safensis FV46 promoted non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses, increasing total phenol content levels. These results, conducted on a model cultivar, support the theory that these isolates differently act on tomato plant physiology, and that their activity depends on the age of the plant, and may differently influence photosynthesis. It would now be interesting to analyze the influence of these bacteria using commercial cultivars.

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Photosynthesis and Related Physiological Parameters Differences Affected the Isoprene Emission Rate among 10 Typical Tree Species in Subtropical Metropolises

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18030954 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 954

Author(s):

Junyao Lyu ◽

Feng Xiong ◽

Ningxiao Sun ◽

Yiheng Li ◽

Chunjiang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Tree Species ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Emission Rate ◽

Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Single Species ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Emission Rates ◽

Isoprene Emission

Volatile organic compound (VOCs) emission is an important cause of photochemical smog and particulate pollution in urban areas, and urban vegetation has been presented as an important source. Different tree species have different emission levels, so adjusting greening species collocation is an effective way to control biogenic VOC pollution. However, there is a lack of measurements of tree species emission in subtropical metropolises, and the factors influencing the species-specific differences need to be further clarified. This study applied an in situ method to investigate the isoprene emission rates of 10 typical tree species in subtropical metropolises. Photosynthesis and related parameters including photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, which can influence the emission rate of a single species, were also measured. Results showed Salix babylonica always exhibited a high emission level, whereas Elaeocarpus decipiens and Ligustrum lucidum maintained a low level throughout the year. Differences in photosynthetic rate and stomatal CO2 conductance are the key parameters related to isoprene emission among different plants. Through the establishment of emission inventory and determination of key photosynthetic parameters, the results provide a reference for the selection of urban greening species, as well as seasonal pollution control, and help to alleviate VOC pollution caused by urban forests.

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Differential responses between mature and young leaves of sunflower plants to oxidative stress caused by water deficit

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782010000600008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 1290-1294 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Inês Cechin ◽

Natália Corniani ◽

Terezinha de Fátima Fumis ◽

Ana Catarina Cataneo

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽

Leaf Age ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Mature Leaves ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Mda Content ◽

Gas Exchange Characteristics

The effects of water stress and rehydration on leaf gas exchange characteristics along with changes in lipid peroxidation and pirogalol peroxidase (PG-POD) were studied in mature and in young leaves of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), which were grown in a greenhouse. Water stress reduced photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (g s), and transpiration (E) in both young and mature leaves. However, the amplitude of the reduction was dependent on leaf age. The intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was increased in mature leaves but it was not altered in young leaves. Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) in mature stressed leaves was reduced when compared to control leaves while in young stressed leaves it was maintained to the same level as the control. After 24h of rehydration, most of the parameters related to gas exchange recovered to the same level as the unstressed plants except gs and E in mature leaves. Water stress did not activated PG-POD independently of leaf age. However, after rehydration the enzyme activity was increased in mature leaves and remained to the same as the control in young leaves. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was increased by water stress in both mature and young leaves. The results suggest that young leaves are more susceptible to water stress in terms of gas exchange characteristics than mature leaves although both went through oxidative estresse.

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The impact of winter flooding with saline water on foliar carbon uptake and the volatile fraction of leaves and fruits of lemon (Citrus×limon) trees

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp11231 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 199 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Violeta Velikova ◽

Tommaso La Mantia ◽

Marco Lauteri ◽

Marco Michelozzi ◽

Isabel Nogues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saline Water ◽

Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Volatile Fraction ◽

Citrus Limon ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Quality Water ◽

Winter Flooding ◽

The Impact ◽

Intercellular Co2

We investigated the consequences of recurrent winter flooding with saline water on a lemon (Citrus × limon (L.) Burm.f.) orchard, focussing on photosynthesis limitations and emission of secondary metabolites (isoprenoids) from leaves and fruits. Measurements were carried out immediately after flooding (December), at the end of winter (April) and after a dry summer in which plants were irrigated with optimal quality water (September). Photosynthesis was negatively affected by flooding. The effect was still visible at the end of winter, whereas the photosynthetic rate was fully recovered after summer, indicating an unexpected resilience capacity of flooded plants. Photosynthesis inhibition by flooding was not due to diffusive limitations to CO2 entry into the leaf, as indicated by measurements of stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration. Biochemical and photochemical limitations seemed to play a more important role in limiting the photosynthesis of flooded plants. In young leaves, characterised by high rates of mitochondrial respiration, respiratory rates were enhanced by flooding. Flooding transiently caused large and rapid emission of several volatile isoprenoids. Emission of limonene, the most abundant compound, was stimulated in the leaves, and in young and mature fruits. Flooding changed the blend of emitted isoprenoids, but only few changes were observed in the stored isoprenoids pool.

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Barnyardgrass control using tank-mixed herbicides with saflufenacil and its influence in photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20190919 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Cassiano Salin Pigatto ◽

Camila Peligrinotti Tarouco ◽

Fernando Teixeira Nicoloso ◽

Álvaro Luis Pasquetti Berghetti ◽

Glauco Pacheco Leães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Gas Analyzer ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Negative Effect ◽

And Control ◽

Infrared Gas Analyzer

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this research were to evaluate the interaction between herbicides mixed with saflufenacil for the control of barnyardgrass and to determine the effect on photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a 2x8 factorial scheme, whose factor A tested resistant and susceptible biotypes; and factor B the herbicides: saflufenacil (70 g a.i. ha-1), clomazone (180 g a.i. ha-1), imazapyr + imazapic (73.5 + 24.5 g a.i. ha-1), and cyhalofop (360 g a.i. ha-1), the mixtures of these herbicides with saflufenacil, and control without treatment. Weed control was assessed 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after herbicide application (DAA), as well as shoot dry matter at 28 DAA, photosynthetic parameters using infrared gas analyzer (IRGA), and emission of chlorophyll a fluorescence after 24 and 28 hours of application of treatments, respectively, and interaction of herbicides. Combination of saflufenacil with the herbicides tested in general did not change the response of both barnyardgrass biotypes to the herbicides used. The resistant biotype showed a lower negative effect on chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis parameters in the combination of herbicides with saflufenacil. The herbicide cyhalofop was effective for the control of ALS-susceptible and resistant barnyardgrass.

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Waterlogging tolerance evaluation of fifteen poplar clones cultivated in the Jianghan Plain of China

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha49312421 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 12421

Author(s):

Ruonan GENG ◽

Xinye ZHANG ◽

Xiaoping FAN ◽

Qian HU ◽

Tianhong NI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Jianghan Plain ◽

Waterlogging Tolerance ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Fluorescence Parameters

To provide references for poplar cultivation in waterlogged prone area of Jianghan Plain of China, the waterlogging tolerance of 15 poplar clones widely cultivated in these areas were evaluated based on their responses to 45-day waterlogging stress followed by 15-day drainage recovery in morphology, growth, biomass accumulation, leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The results showed that the normal watered seedlings (CK) of the 15 clones grew vigorously during the experiment, and no defoliation and death occurred. For the seedlings under waterlogging treatment (water 10 cm above the soil surface), its morphology changed markedly, including slowing growth, chlorosis and abscission of leaves, development of hypertrophied lenticels and adventitious roots etc. Waterlogging stress significantly inhibited the seedling growth of height and ground diameter, biomass accumulation, as well as leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the 15 clones with varying degrees. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration/ environmental CO2 concentration (Ci/Ca), variable fluorescence (Fv), variable fluorescence/ initial fluorescence (Fv/Fo) and PS Ⅱ primary light energy conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm) decreased gradually with the prolonged waterlogging, and reached their bottom on day 45. During the terminal recovery stage, the leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the most clones increased, but their recovery abilities were significantly different. At the end of the experiment, the highest survival rates (100%) were observed in DHY, HS-1, HS-2, I-72, I-69, I-63 and NL-895, and the lowest (zero) occurred in XYY. Survival rates of the other clones ranged from 33.33% to 83.33%. Both results of cluster analysis and membership function analysis showed that HS-1, I-69, DHY, NL-895 and HS-2 had the strongest waterlogging tolerance, XYY and HBY were the worst, and the other clones were moderate. These results would provide guidance not only for the selection of cultivated varieties in Jianghan Plain, but also for the selection of hybrid parents for waterlogging resistance breeding.

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Assessment of the impact of horse-chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič, 1986) on photosynthesis of common horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum Linnaeus, 1753)

Ecology and Noospherology ◽

10.15421/032002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 11-15

Author(s):

K. K. Holoborodko ◽

A. A. Alekseeva ◽

O. V. Seliutina ◽

V. A. Gorban

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Leaf Miner ◽

Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽

Horse Chestnut ◽

Vital Activity ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽

The Impact

The article presents the results of studies on Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič, 1986 feeding on the state of the photosynthetic apparatus in Aesculus hippocastanum Linnaeus, 1753. The studies were carried out in June 2019 (during the life of C. ohridella first generation) on the territory of the Botanical Garden of the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University. Photosynthesis is one of the processes most susceptible to stress factors; important information on state of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants under influence of various abiotic and biotic factors can be obtained by fluorescence analysis. Chlorophyll fluorescence is an indicator that allow to investigate a behavior of photochemical reactions related to system II (PSII) in living objects as an indicator the most sensitive to effect of environmental factors. One of the effective methods for plant state monitoring is a technique on chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) measurement, which at the present stage can be introduced due to the use of biosensors. The objective of our study was to establish characteristics of C. ohridella vital activity on the photosynthesis process in A. hippocastanum trees using CFI evaluation technique. To diagnose photosynthesis violation of native chlorophyll in a living leaf of A. hippocastanum, we used a portable fluorometer “Floratest” (spectral range for measuring fluorescence intensity 670 to 770 nm) developed by V. M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The studies were conducted using alive A. hippocastanum leaves not damaged by C. ohridella and, accordingly, the damaged ones. Analysis of the data obtained showed that the worm feeding affects all CFI parameters (initial CFI value (non-damaged leaf: 582 relative units, damaged: 264); “plateau” CFI value (1460 to 722); maximum CFI (1890 to 940) and stationary CFI value after light adaptation of the leaf (1530 to 746)). Our studies have shown that CFI technique using “Floratest” apparatus allow express determining the general condition of the plant by assessing the main process of vital activity, namely photosynthesis. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters is a powerful and effective tool for determining the phytophage effect on the plant.

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Genotypic Variability of Photosynthetic Parameters in Maize Ear-Leaves at Different Cadmium Levels in Soil

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10070986 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 986 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mario Franić ◽

Vlatko Galić ◽

Zdenko Lončarić ◽

Domagoj Šimić

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Reaction Centers ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Dissipation Energy ◽

Cd Uptake ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Maize Genotypes ◽

Quinone Acceptor ◽

Soil Cd

Excess of cadmium (Cd) in soil leads to a number of adverse effects which challenge agricultural production. Aims of this study were to investigate variations in Cd content in leaves (Zea mays L.) of different maize genotypes and to detect effects of Cd on photosynthesis through chlorophyll a fluorescence. Pot vegetation experiments with four maize genotypes and four different soil Cd levels were repeated for two years. Chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis for ear-leaf Cd and zinc (Zn) and soil Cd were carried out. Significant differences between genotypes were found for leaf Cd, where higher Cd soil concentrations resulted in higher Cd leaf concentrations. Cd uptake into maize leaves increased with increasing Cd levels in soil, which was genotype-dependent and higher and lower Cd accumulating groups were formed. Changes in chlorophyll fluorescence caused by elevated Cd levels in soil were mostly visible as changes in dissipation energy, yields of primary photosystem II photochemistry and electron transport. Decrease of reaction centers per antenna chlorophyll and increased variable fluorescence at J step (VJ) resulted in decrease of performance indexes in the highest Cd concentration. Decreases in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters suggest reduced functionality of reaction centers and problems in re-oxidation of primary quinone acceptor (QA).

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Effect of Foliar and Soil Fertilization with New Products Based on Calcinated Bones on Selected Physiological Parameters of Maize Plants

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10072579 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 2579 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Natalia Matlok ◽

Małgorzata Szostek ◽

Piotr Antos ◽

Grażyna Gajdek ◽

Józef Gorzelany ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Physiological Parameters ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Gas Exchange Parameters ◽

Soil Fertilization ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Maize Plants ◽

The Impact ◽

Exchange Parameters

This manuscript presents the effect of foliar and soil fertilizer produced from thermally processed bone waste on the initial growth and development of maize plants. The developed fertilizers were tested in three different doses in a pot experiment. Because nutrient deficiency interferes with plant physiological processes, the impact of the developed fertilizers on gas exchange parameters, relative chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were assessed. Based on the conducted research, it was found that fertilization with developed foliar and soil fertilizers increased the relative content of chlorophyll in maize leaves and increased the value of gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence. All determined parameters of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence showed a positive correlation depending on the dose of foliar fertilization used (average value r = 0.8414). In turn, the soil fertilization that was utilized during the experiment significantly correlated only with the content of chlorophyll (r = 0.6965). The tested fertilizers improvement of the physiological parameters of the plants, which indicates the fertilizing efficiency of the tested fertilizers.

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