Establishment of homogeneous zones in a soil of alluvial origin

ABSTRACT Soils have the ability to maintain plant growth and biological activity due to their physical and chemical properties. The aim of this study was to observe the spatial distribution of some chemical properties of the soil, such as pH, organic matter (OM), electrical conductivity (EC), effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), sulfur (S) and aluminum (Al) content and to establish zones with homogeneous chemical characteristics using the MULTISPATI-PCA technique and the fuzzy c-means algorithm. The study area was located in the Tundama and Sugamuxi Valleys (Boyacá, Colombia) with an area of 8,017 ha. Chemical properties such as pH, OM, EC, S, Al, and ECEC were indicators of the chemical degradation of these soils. Four homogeneous zones were identified. The first zone represents areas with acidity and excessive sulfur, with a pH of 4.54, 15.88% OM, 3.19 dS m-1 EC, 2.47 meq 100 g-1 Al and 365.59 meq 100 g-1 S. In contrast, the second zone represents areas with a high self-neutralizing capacity, with a pH of 5.98, 4.22% OM, 0.75 dS m-1 EC, 0.20 meq 100 g-1 Al and 44.64 meq 100 g-1 S. Zone three showed a high similarity with the first two, except for its EC and S contents. Finally, zone four showed similarity with the first, except in OM, EC and S contents. These data show that S and EC influenced the homogeneous zones because the soils in this area are called acid sulfate soils.

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Identifying Potential Leakage Zones in an Irrigation Supply Channel by Mapping Soil Properties Using Electromagnetic Induction, Inversion Modelling and a Support Vector Machine

Soil Systems ◽

10.3390/soilsystems4020025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Ehsan Zare ◽

Nan Li ◽

Tibet Khongnawang ◽

Mohammad Farzamian ◽

John Triantafilis

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Support Vector Machine ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Future Research ◽

Support Vector ◽

Stream Channels ◽

Supply Channel ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

The clay alluvial plains of Namoi Valley have been intensively developed for irrigation. A condition of a license is water needs to be stored on the farm. However, the clay plain was developed from prior stream channels characterised by sandy clay loam textures that are permeable. Cheap methods of soil physical and chemical characterisations are required to map the supply channels used to move water on farms. Herein, we collect apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) from a DUALEM-421 along a 4-km section of a supply channel. We invert ECa to generate electromagnetic conductivity images (EMCI) using EM4Soil software and evaluate two-dimensional models of estimates of true electrical conductivity (σ—mS m−1) against physical (i.e., clay and sand—%) and chemical properties (i.e., electrical conductivity of saturated soil paste extract (ECe—dS m−1) and the cation exchange capacity (CEC, cmol(+) kg−1). Using a support vector machine (SVM), we predict these properties from the σ and depth. Leave-one-site-out cross-validation shows strong 1:1 agreement (Lin’s) between the σ and clay (0.85), sand (0.81), ECe (0.86) and CEC (0.83). Our interpretation of predicted properties suggests the approach can identify leakage areas (i.e., prior stream channels). We suggest that, with this calibration, the approach can be used to predict soil physical and chemical properties beneath supply channels across the rest of the valley. Future research should also explore whether similar calibrations can be developed to enable characterisations in other cotton-growing areas of Australia.

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Sugarcane Biochar for Agricultural Use Produced in Different Conditions of Pyrolysis

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v38i430307 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Juliany Barbosa de Pinho ◽

Aloisio Bianchini ◽

Pedro Silvério Xavier Pereira ◽

Letycia Cunha Nunes ◽

Rodrigo Fernandes Daros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Raw Material ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Oxidizing Atmosphere ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Agricultural Use ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

From the pyrolysis process, biochar is a carbon rich and recalcitrant organic material with potential for long term carbon sequestration because of its aromatic structure. However, the physical and chemical properties of the biochar vary due to the diversity of raw material and the conditions of production. The present study aimed to evaluate the biochar from the sugarcane bagasse at different temperatures and under two conditions of pyrolysis. The biochar was produced at two final temperatures 200°C (1 hour); 250°C (1h) and 250°C (2h), with pyrolysis of an oxidizing and non-oxidizing atmosphere for both. PH, cation exchange capacity (CTC), carbon content (C), Nitrogen (N), hydrogen (H), H:C, C:N and ash ratios were evaluated. The contents of C, H, N and the atomic ratios H:C and C:N were higher in Biochar produced in a non-oxidizing atmosphere (BNO). However, the content of ash, pH and CTC were higher in Biochar produced in oxidizing atmospheres (BO). One can conclude the direct influence of the pyrolysis condition.

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Pronamide Phytotoxicity in Ten Wisconsin Soils

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500055600 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 429-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

T. E. Dutt ◽

R. G. Harvey

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Clay Content ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Mg Content ◽

The Relationship ◽

And Chemical Properties

Pronamide [3,5-dichloro-(N-1, 1-dimethyl-2-propynyl) benzamide] phytotoxicity was compared in 10 Wisconsin soils and the relationship of activity to soil physical and chemical properties appraised. Twelve soil properties were measured and correlated with pronamide I50(50% fresh weight inhibition) values using oats (Avena sativaL. ‘Portal’) as the indicator plant in bioassays conducted under greenhouse conditions. Organic matter was the soil variable most inversely correlated with pronamide phytotoxicity. Cation exchange capacity, field moisture capacity, and Mg content were also inversely correlated with pronamide phytotoxicity, but probably reflect changes in soil organic matter levels. Clay content did not significantly affect pronamide phytotoxicity.

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The influence of heating temperature on the physical and chemical properties of soils with different parent materials and anthropogenic uses

Spanish Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.3232/sjss.2015.v5.n3.03 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriela Sacchi ◽

Paola Campitelli ◽

Patricia Soria ◽

Silvia Ceppi

Keyword(s):

Heating Temperature ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical Property ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Soil Parameters ◽

Natural Environments ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Parent Materials ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Although natural and controlled fires are common in natural environments of the Province of Córdoba (Argentina), the effects on the physical and chemical soil properties are not well known. Warming effects were studied in two representative soil parent materials located in the piedmont of the Sierra Chica, Córdoba, Argentina. The aim of this study was to quantify the changes caused by different heating temperatures (100 °C and 500 °C), under laboratory conditions, on physical and chemical properties of two soils with different granulometric compositions and anthropic uses. The soils were classified as Udic Haplustoll, fine loamy (alluvial soils) and Udic Argiustoll, fine silty (loessoides soils). The depth analyzed corresponded to the upper 5 cm of the surface horizon. The physical property was granulometric composition (clay, silt and sand content) and the chemical properties: pH, oxidizable carbon (Cox), total nitrogen (Nt), cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable cations (Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+), extractable phosphorus (Pe) and electrical conductivity (EC). These analyses included both unheated samples (control) and those heated at different temperatures. Cox, pH, EC and CEC showed similar behavior at the different heating temperatures, despite the parent materials and the soil use conditions. Cox, pH, Nt and CEC could statistically explain the differences in edaphic properties at the temperatures analyzed. At 300 °C statistically significant differences were recorded for the analyzed soil parameters, and at 500 °C changes difficult to reverse due to the inorganic colloidal fraction collapse and the decrease (90%) of the organic fraction were found.

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EFFET DU DRAINAGE SOUTERRAIN SUR QUELQUES PROPRIETES DE SOLS ARGILEUX DU QUEBEC

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss80-009 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 83-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. R. DE KIMPE ◽

M. R. LAVERDIÈRE

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Soils ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Internal Drainage ◽

Sols Argileux ◽

Aeration Conditions ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Extractable Iron ◽

And Chemical Properties

Four series of agricultural soils of Quebec were sampled in the Lowlands on drained and undrained sites in order to investigate the effect of long-term internal drainage on the physical and chemical properties of the profiles. Change in structure was observed in the Ste-Rosalie soils. A massive layer found below 18 cm in the undrained profile was replaced by a more structured layer at greater depth in the drained profiles. Occurrence of mottles down to the Cg horizon reflected the better aeration conditions in the drained sites. Saturated hydraulic conductivity values were sometimes higher and sometimes lower than those measured in the undrained profiles. Below the plow layer, the two profiles drained for more than 50 yr had a cation exchange capacity 12–15% higher than the undrained profiles. Oxalate-extractable iron represented a high percentage of the dithionite-extractable iron and indicated a low rate of formation of crystalline pedogenic oxides. Mn accumulations were found in the more compact layers. The improvement of internal drainage requires a soil management that will enhance soil structure.

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Characterization and classification of soils of Northern hills Zone of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.15740/has/ijas/17-aaebssd/147-149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (AAEBSSD) ◽

pp. 147-149

Author(s):

P.N. Tripathi ◽

U.S. Mishra ◽

Pawan Sirothia ◽

R.P. Singh

Keyword(s):

Cation Exchange Capacity ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Clay Content ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Three representative soil pedonsof northern hills of Chhattisgarh, M.P were morphologically studied, characterized and classified. The soils are very deep, colour ranges from brown (10YR5/3) to dark brown (10YR3/3) and very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) in different horizons. Fe and calcretes are observed in sub surface horizons. The texture in surface soils varied from clay loam to clay while in pedon 2, the texture was observed sandy clay loam throughout the profile. The soils are calcareous and pH ranged from 7.0 to 7.5. The organic carbon content in these soils were (4.4 g kg-1), low to medium (6.1 g kg-1) in surface and decreased with depth. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) were found high in horizons where clay content was more. Based on morphological, physical and chemical properties P1 and P3 were classified as VerticHaplustalfs and pedon (P2) was placed under Typic Haplustepts.

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Study of Strata Sloughing Mechanism and Anti-Sloughing Measures with Mechanics Properties and Material Properties in Yitong Area

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.252.120 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 252 ◽

pp. 120-124

Author(s):

Yu Xue Sun ◽

Ze Hua Wang ◽

Hai Min Shi ◽

Jiu Zhou Sun

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Inflation Rate ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Total Water ◽

Wellbore Instability ◽

Shale Recovery ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Abstract. As there are serious wellbore instability problems in Yitong area, studying sloughing mechanism and anti-sloughing measures of the strata is of great importance, which differs significantly from the previous researches. Based on the international state-of-the-art, in this work several points are focused on which include the appearance characteristics of the cores, rock mineral composition and the shale physical and chemical properties. Sloughing mechanism is classified and anti-sloughing measures of the strata in Yitong area are proposed. When testing shale physical and chemical properties, several parameters are mainly tested and analyzed, including cation exchange capacity, specific water absorption, shale recovery rate and shale inflation rate. Five core samples are selected and collated data is reflected in tables in the experiment. It is worth mentioning that a new method of specific water absorption is adopted in the study to explain wellbore instability problems, which are caused by hydration. Limitations and shortcomings have been overcome by specific water absorption instead of total water absorption when evaluating water sensibility. The test shows satisfying and excellent results. After applying the anti-sloughing measures to the strata in Yitong area, sloughing accidents have been alleviated.

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STRONTIUM CONTENT IN SANDY SOILS IN AGRICULTURE FIELDS (CASE STUDY: MOUNDOU, CHAD)

AGROFOR ◽

10.7251/agreng1802121k ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Kamssou KOI ◽

Victor NAGORNY ◽

Otilija MISECKAITE ◽

Yuri MAZHAYSKY

Keyword(s):

Soil Depth ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Total Content ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Strontium Content ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Very High ◽

And Chemical Properties

During evaluation of physical and chemical properties of sandy soils and theirfertility in Southern part of Republic of Chad it has been revealed that some soilshave very high content of strontium. Its content varies from 10 to 270 mg/kg ofsoil depending on type of soil, depth of soil layers, clay and organic content.Strontium content negatively correlates with total content of calcium andphosphorus in layers of soil. Low CEC (CEC - Cation-exchange capacity) of soilmay be a reason of possible translocation of strontium from higher to lower layersof soils. Strontium content in soils do not relates with level of radioactivity of soilmeasured. The highest content of strontium has been found in soils developed onsome eolian and colluvio-alluvium deposits. Some researchers hypothesize thatsome endemic and chronic diseases such as Kashin-Beck disease, `Dysostosisenchondralis endemic`, endemic hoiter, osteoarthritis might be caused by highcontent of strontium in water and plant foods contaminated with it. Absence ofconsensus on etiological factors of these diseases confirms that it is worthconsidering necessity of further studies of different affects of high content ofstrontium in water and foods on human health directly or indirectly throughcausing misbalance in mineral nutrition.

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Identification and Assessment of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties for Vanili Plants in North Tinangkung District, Banggai Islands Regency

CELEBES Agricultural ◽

10.52045/jca.v1i2.24 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 35-48

Author(s):

Saipul Saikim ◽

Hertasning Yatim ◽

Hidayat AM. Katili

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Soil Reaction ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Organic C ◽

Fertility Status ◽

Soil Fertility Status ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Soil physical and chemical properties are the main factors that significantlyinfluence vanilla production. This study aimed to identify the soil’s physicaland chemical properties, determine the soil fertility status, and evaluate the soilsuitability for vanilla plants cultivated at three villages in Tinangkung UtaraDistrict. This research has been carried out at the long-term monoculture of thevanilla plantation. The soil fertility properties have determined based onphysical properties such as texture (pipete method) and chemical propertiessuch as pH, organic C content (Walkey and Black), P2O5 (olsen) and K2O(HCL25%), base saturation/KB dan cation exchange capacity/CEC ) NH4OAcpH7). The data then matched to PPT soil fertility and BBSDLP land evaluationcriteria for the vanilla plant. The result showed that the soil in the study sitehas clayey texture, neutral soil reaction, moderate KB and P2O5, and moderateto high CEC. On the other hand, the soil exhibited lower content of organic Cand K2O. Despite soil fertility status determined as low, the evaluation analysisresulted marginally suitable, which could be optimised to highly suitable.

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Texture and Chemical Properties of Two Depth Soils in a Toposequence of Anak Krakatau Before December 2018 Eruption

Journal of Tropical Soils ◽

10.5400/jts.2020.v25i2.71-81 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Astriana Rahmi Setiawati ◽

Jamalam Lumbanraja ◽

Septi Nurul Aini ◽

Dermiyati Dermiyati ◽

Henrie Buchari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Soil Survey ◽

Present Information ◽

Different Depths ◽

Krakatau Volcano ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Anak Krakatau volcano is one of the famous volcanic mountains located in the sea to the south part of the Province of Lampung, Indonesia. The volcano was derived from the active Krakatau caldera that first appeared on the surface in 1930 or 47 years after the eruption of Krakatau in 1883. The materials produced by the Anak Krakatau eruption were very interesting related to soil forming materials, especially their physical and chemical properties. The objectives of this study were to present information about the texture and chemical properties of soil from Anak Krakatau Mountain taken at the southeast slope before the December 2018 eruption at two different depths. This study was conducted in March to September 2019 which consisted of two parts: (1) soil survey in the field and (2) soil analysis in the laboratory. Soil samples were taken from a toposequence at seven points with an interval about 15m above sea level (asl) on the southeast slope (approaching northeast) of the Anak Krakatau in July 2018 at the depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. The soil texture of Anak Krakatau mountain before eruption in December 2018 was sandy with the percentage of sand 98.82 - 99.59%; silt 0 - 0.59%; and clay 0.41 - 0.74%. The soil chemical properties of Anak Krakatau mountain were soil pH (H2O) 4.95 – 6.27; soil pH (KCl) 4.75 – 5.89; Cation Exchange Capacity 0.41 – 2.02 cmol(+) kg-1; Base Saturation 117.24 – 514.63%; CaO 2.63 – 6.34%; MgO 3.06 – 6.13%; K2O 0.019 – 0.034%; Na2O 0.035 – 0.080%; P-retention 82.10 – 84.74%; and organic carbon 0.06 – 0.72%. The SEM-EDX analysis showed that the amounts of Mg and Na were more than 1% and there were several trace elements present in Anak Krakatau soil, namely Sb (Stibium), Nb (Niobium), Y (Yttrium), F (Flour), Co (Cobalt), and Ba (Barium).

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