PREVALENCE OF INJURIES IN BRAZILIAN RECREATIONAL STREET RUNNERS: META-ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT Street running is an accessible, low-cost form of exercise. However, the occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries may hinder regular practice. This study aimed at estimating the prevalence of injuries in Brazilian street runners and the associated factors. A meta-analysis of Brazilian studies was performed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of injuries in male and female recreational street runners aged ≥18 years. We excluded systematic review studies, research conducted on professional athletes or triathletes, and duplicate articles. The following databases were used: SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Keywords such as “prevalence,” “injury,” “recreational street runners,” and “Brazil” were used. Prevalence analysis was performed using the random effect model, and a funnel plot was used to assess publication bias. Then the Begg-Mazumdar and Egger tests were applied to quantify the graph results. The Prevalence Critical Appraisal Instrument was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. Associated factors were analyzed with meta-regression analysis. Twenty-three studies with 3,786 runners were included in the review. The prevalence of injury was 36.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 30.8-42.5%), and a running distance per week greater than 20 km was a predictive variable of injuries. A higher prevalence of injuries was observed in men than in women (28.3%, 95% CI 22.5-35.0%), the knee was the most affected site of injury (32.9%, 95% CI 26.7-39.6%), and muscle injuries were the most frequent type of injury (27.9%, 95% CI 18.2-40.1%). This is the first national meta-analysis conducted to investigate the prevalence of injuries in recreational street runners. Although the prevalence of injuries was moderate, caution is required in terms of the weekly duration of running. Male runners are more susceptible, and muscle and knee injuries are the most common. Level of evidence II, Systematic reviewb of Level II Studies.

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Burden of cervical lesion in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.17150/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ayele Semachew ◽

Tadesse Dagget ◽

Yeshiwork Beyene ◽

Getnet Dessie ◽

Aklilu Endalamaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Cervical Lesion ◽

Online Databases ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Meta Regression Analysis ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Though cervical cancer is largely preventable, it is still the second most common female cancer globally and the leading cause of cancer deaths among females in African. Though many efforts has been done to study the burden of the disease in Ethiopia, there are still fragmented primary studies reported cervical lesion. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed in estimating the pooled prevalence of cervical cancer and its trend in Ethiopia. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using available data. PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Google Scholar, African Index Medicus (AIM), African Journals Online databases and Ethiopian University research repositories were searched following the Preferred Items for Systematic review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guideline. STATA 15 statistical software was used to analyse the data. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal tool for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochrane Q test and I2 test statistics based on the random effects model. A random effect model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of cervical lesion in Ethiopia. In addition, the trend of cervical lesion in the country was depicted. Result: Fifteen studies with a total of 25,348 participants were included in the analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of cervical lesion was 16.36 (95 CI: 10.97-21.75). The subgroup analysis by region showed the highest prevalence of cervical lesion at the Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples Region (19.65%; 95% CI: 15.51 – 23.80). The trend of cervical lesion showed an increased pattern overtime from 1992 to 2018 in the meta-regression analysis. Conclusion: One among six of the study participants had cervical lesion. The trend also showed that there is still an increased cervical lesion in the country. Best practices in achieving high vaccination coverage shall be adapted from other successful countries. Key words: Cervical cancer, cervical lesion, systematic review, Ethiopia

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Routine health information utilization and associated factors among health care workers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0254230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0254230

Author(s):

Birye Dessalegn Mekonnen ◽

Senafekesh Biruk Gebeyehu

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Health Information ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Health Workers ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Scale Up ◽

Supportive Supervision ◽

Information Utilization

Background Utilization of routine health information plays a vital role for the effectiveness of routine and programed decisions. A proper utilization of routine health information helps to make decisions based on evidence. Considerable studies have been done on the utilization of routine health information among health workers in Ethiopia, but inconsistent findings were reported. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the pooled utilization of routine health information and to identify associated factors among health workers in Ethiopia. Methods Search of PubMed, HINARI, Global Health, Scopus, EMBASE, web of science, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify relevant studies from October 24, 2020 to November 18, 2020. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. Two reviewers extracted the data independently using a standardized data extraction format and exported to STATA software version 11 for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity among studies was checked using Cochrane Q and I2 test statistics. The pooled estimate of utilization of routine health information was executed using a random effect model. Results After reviewing 22924 studies, 10 studies involving 4054 health workers were included for this review and meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of routine health information utilization among health workers in Ethiopia was 57.42% (95% CI: 41.48, 73.36). Supportive supervision (AOR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.80, 2.82), regular feedback (AOR = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.60, 5.12), availability of standard guideline (AOR = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.80, 3.58), data management knowledge (AOR = 3.04; 95% CI: 1.75, 5.29) and training on health information (AOR = 3.45; 95% CI: 1.96, 6.07) were identified factors associated with utilization of routine health information. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis found that more than two-fifth of health workers did not use their routine health information. This study suggests the need to conduct regular supportive supervision, provision of training and capacity building, mentoring on competence of routine health information tasks, and strengthening regular feedback at all health facilities. In addition, improving the accessibility and availability of standard set of indicators is important to scale-up information use.

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Short-term (ST) versus long-term (LT) hormone treatment (HT) in combination with radiotherapy (RT) for locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPC): Meta-analysis of randomized trials (RCTs)

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.5128 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 5128-5128

Author(s):

F. Cuppone ◽

E. Bria ◽

D. Giannarelli ◽

M. Milella ◽

E. M. Ruggeri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Locally Advanced ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Hormone Treatment ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Cancer Specific Survival ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Meta Regression Analysis

5128 Background: Hormone suppression plus RT is able to significantly decrease the recurrences and the mortality of patients (pts) affected by LAPC. In order to determine if difference exists between ST-HT (HT ≤6 months), and LT-HT (HT ≥8 months) in combination with RT for LAPC, a literature-based meta-analysis was conducted. Methods: Event-based relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived through a random-effect model. Differences in primary (biochemical failure, BF, and cancer-specific survival, CSS), and secondary outcomes (overall survival, OS, and pattern of recurrence, local or distant, LR/DM) were explored. Absolute differences (AD) and the number of patients needed to treat (NNT) were calculated. Heterogeneity test, a meta-regression analysis with clinico-pathological predictors for outcomes and a correlation analysis for surrogate end-points were conducted as well. Results: Four trials (3,148 patients) were gathered. Data were available for all RCTs only for BF; patient population ranged from 297 to 1,521 pts. Three predictors were identified: median PSA (range 9.5–20.35), Gleason score 7–10 (27–55% pts/trial) and T3–4 (13–77% pts/trial). None of the selected predictors did significantly affect any outcomes. A significant correlation and trend between the log of the BF-RR and DM and OS were found (p=0.029 and p=0.07, respectively). Conclusions: Although with significant heterogeneity (reflecting different patient’ risk stratifications), LT-HT seems to significantly decrease biochemical, local and distant recurrences, and increase cancer specific survival in comparison with ST-HT. Balancing these advantages with toxicities and costs represents the next step of the current analysis. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Diabetes is associated with increased risk for in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis comprising 18,506 patients

10.1101/2020.05.26.20113811 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Leonidas Palaiodimos ◽

Natalia Chamorro-Pareja ◽

Dimitrios Karamanis ◽

Weijia Li ◽

Phaedon D. Zavras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hospital Mortality ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Meta Regression Analysis

AbstractBackgroundInfectious diseases are more frequent and can be associated with worse outcomes in patients with diabetes. Our aim was to systematically review and synthesize with a meta-analysis the available observational studies reporting the effect of diabetes in mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19.MethodsMedline, Embase, Google Scholar, and medRxiv databases were reviewed. A random-effect model meta-analysis was used and I-square was utilized to assess the heterogeneity. In-hospital mortality was defined as the endpoint. Sensitivity, subgroup, and meta-regression analyses were performed.Results18,506 patients were included in this meta-analysis (3,713 diabetics and 14,793 non-diabetics). Patients with diabetes were associated with a higher risk of death compared to patients without diabetes (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.35-1.96; I2 77.4%). The heterogeneity was high. A study level meta-regression analysis was performed for all the important covariates and no significant interactions were found between the covariates and the outcome of mortality.ConclusionThis meta-analysis shows that that the likelihood of death is 65% higher in diabetic hospitalized patients with COVID-19 compared to non-diabetics. Further studies are needed to assess whether this association is independent or not, as well as to investigate to role of glucose control prior or during the disease.

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Prevalence unmet need for family planning and its associated factors in Ethiopia 2019: sytematic review and meta analysis

10.21203/rs.2.12793/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Temesgen Getaneh ◽

Ayenew Negesse ◽

Tebabere Moltot

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Early Marriage ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background unmet need for family planning is a common cuase of uninteded pregnancy which mostly end up with abortion. Many fragmented studies were conducted on unmet need in Ethiopia but no single evidence was present. So this meta analysis was established to estimate the pooled prevalence of unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia. Methods articles were retrived through search engines: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, HINARI portal, and Cochrane Library using the preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA) checklist guidelines. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was applied for critical appraisal of included articles. Random effect model meta analysis was done to estimate the pooled prevalence of unmet need for family planning with their respective Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Cochran’s Q statistic, Egger’s and Begg’s test and meta regression were carried out to assess heterogeneity, publication bias and to identify associated factors respectively. Results 15 articles and 17, 585 reproductive age women were included to estimate the polled prevalence of unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia. The pooled prevalence of unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia was 31.45% (95%CI: 26.52, 36.39). Age at first marriage <18yrs with OR=2.3 (95% CI: 1.08, 4.87), being illiterate women with OR= 0.9 (95%CI: 1.19, 3.04), illiterate partner with OR=1.78 (95%CI: 1.18, 2.68) and absence of discussion with their partner with OR=3.52 (95%CI: 2.56, 4.87) were the associated factors. Conclusion This meta analysis revealed the prevalence of unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia was high. Early marriage, illiteracy and absence of open discussion were factors affecting the prevalence of unmet ned for family planning. Therefore, the responsible body inlcuding family health guiadance should strength women empowerment interms of education (equal accessible eduaction for all), avoid early marriage (before 18yrs) and facilitate open partners discussion within house hold.

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The prevalence and associated factors of hepatitis B and C virus in hemodialysis patients in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0251570 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0251570

Author(s):

Tiruneh Adane ◽

Solomon Getawa

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Invasive Procedure ◽

Control Measures ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Strict Adherence ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Background Due to its invasive procedure patients on hemodialysis (HD) are at high risk of infections. Infections acquired in dialysis units can prolong hospitalization date and/or prolong illness in patients, and increase treatment cost. There are no adequate data on the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in HD patients. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of HBV and HCV infections among HD patients in Africa. Method The databases PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane library, web of science, African Journals Online, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant studies. The review was performed based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data were extracted independently by two authors and analyzed using STATA 11. A random-effect model was fitted to estimate the pooled prevalence with their 95% confidence interval. To detect publication bias funnel plots analysis and Egger weighted regression tests were done. Results The overall pooled prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among HD patients in Africa was 9.88% (95% CI: 7.20–12.56) I2 = 97.9% and 23.04% (95% CI: 18.51–2757) I2 = 99.6%, respectively. In addition, the pooled prevalence of HBV and HCV co-infection was 7.18% (95% CI: 3.15–11.20) I2 = 99.6%. Duration of dialysis was found to be the contributing factor for the occurrence of HBV and HCV among HD patients (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.01). Conclusion This study showed that there is high prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in HD patients in Africa. Therefore, strict adherence to precautions of infection control measures, isolation of seropositive patients, improvement in infrastructures, adequate screening of HBV and HCV for the donated blood, and decentralized HD services is needed to minimize the risk of HBV and HCV infections in HD facilities.

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Prevalence of potential drug- drug interactions and associated factors among outpatients and inpatients in Ethiopian Hospitals: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of observational studies

10.21203/rs.2.20891/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wondim Ayenew ◽

Getahun Asmamaw ◽

Arebu Issa

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Drug Interactions ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Potential Drug ◽

Comorbid Disease ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Drug-drug interaction is an emerging threat to the public health. In Ethiopia, there is high possibility of occurrence of drug-drug interactions in the hospitals. This is because of increased comorbid disease, increased polypharmacy, and increased hospitalization. Therefore, this study aims to summarize the prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions and associated factors in Ethiopian hospitals. Methods: Literature search was performed through accessing legitimate databases in PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Research Gate for English-language publications. Advanced search strategies were applied in Science Direct and HINARI to identify any additional papers and published reviews and to retrieve relevant findings closely related to prevalence of potential drug- drug interactions and associated factors with it. The search was conducted from August 3-25, 2019 and all published articles available online until the day of data collection were considered. The pooled estimate of the outcome measure were analyzed by Open Meta Analyst advanced software. By considering clinical heterogeneity among original studies, Der Simonian and Laird’s random effect model were used. I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity among each studies. The publication bias was assessed by CMA version-3 software and presented with funnel plot of standard error and precision with Logit event rate. Results: A total of 14 studies were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. From 14 studies, 5761 patients were included and a total of 8717 potential drug- drug interactions were found in 3259 of patients. The prevalence patients with potential drug- drug interactions in Ethiopian Hospitals were found to be 72.2% (95% confidence interval: 59.1%, 85.3%). Based on severity, the prevalence of potential drug- drug interactions were 25.1%, 52.8%, 16.9% and 1.27% for major, moderate, minor potential drug- drug interactions and contraindications respectively. The factors associated with potential drug- drug interactions were related to patient characteristics such as polypharmacy, age, comorbid disease and hospital stay. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of potential drug- drug interactions in Ethiopian Hospitals. Polypharmacy, age, comorbid disease and hospital stay were the risk factors associated with potential drug- drug interactions.

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Prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing among students in Ethiopia: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021157 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. e021157 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wondale Getinet Alemu ◽

Tadele Amare Zeleke ◽

Wubet Worku Takele

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Forest Plot ◽

Khat Chewing ◽

Study Heterogeneity ◽

Trim And Fill ◽

Meta Analyses

IntroductionThese days, in Ethiopia, khat chewing is one of the widely spreading public health problems affecting the most productive segment of the population. The health implications of khat chewing among students are strongly linked with poor mental, physical and social performances. However, the national magnitude of khat chewing and the associated factors among Ethiopian students are unknown. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis will answer the national prevalence of khat chewing and the associated factors among students in Ethiopia.MethodsPublished primary relevant articles will be accessed using various databases, such as Medline, PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus. Other electronic search engines, for instance, Google Scholar and Google, will be used. Furthermore, additional studies will be collected by communicating with the author(s) and following the references of relevant articles. To select eligible studies, the Joanna Briggs Institute quality appraisal checklist will be used. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist will be followed to keep the scientific rigour of the study. Heterogeneity between studies will be examined through forest plot and I2heterogeneity tests. To identify influential studies, sensitivity analysis will be done. For substantial heterogeneity (I2>50%), the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model will be employed. Subgroup analyses will be conducted using the random-effect model. Moreover, small studies’ publication bias will be checked by funnel plots and objectively by Egger’s regression test. If in case Egger’s test was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), trim and fill (Duval and Tweedie) analysis will be performed. The presence of association will be declared using p≤0.05 and OR with corresponding 95% CI.Ethics and disseminationSince the intention of the study is to describe earlier primary studies qualitatively and pool the results of those articles, ethical clearance will not be a concern. The results of the study will be published in a reputable peer-reviewed journal and presented at different scientific research conferences. It will also be disseminated to academic as well as other concerned institutions.PROSPERO registration numberCRD-42,017,081,886.

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A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression Evaluating the Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action of Probiotics and Synbiotics in the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections and Surgery-Related Complications

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm7120556 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 556 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka ◽

Mariusz Kaczmarczyk ◽

Igor Łoniewski ◽

Luis Lara ◽

Anastasios Koulaouzidis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Surgical Site Infections ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Central Register ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Meta Regression Analysis

Intestinal microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis of surgical site infections (SSIs) and other surgery-related complications (SRCs). Probiotics and synbiotics were found to lower the risk of surgical infections and other surgery-related adverse events. We systematically reviewed the approach based on the administration of probiotics and synbiotics to diminish SSIs/SRCs rates in patients undergoing various surgical treatments and to determine the mechanisms responsible for their effectiveness. A systematic literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE/Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from the inception of databases to June 2018 for trials in patients undergoing surgery supplemented with pre/pro/synbiotics and randomized to the intervention versus placebo/no treatment and reporting on primarily: (i) putative mechanisms of probiotic/symbiotic action, and secondarily (ii) SSIs and SRCs outcomes. Random-effect model meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of outcomes was done. Thirty-five trials comprising 3028 adult patients were included; interventions were probiotics (n = 16) and synbiotics (n = 19 trials). We found that C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly decreased (SMD: −0.40, 95% CI [−0.79, −0.02], p = 0.041; SMD: −0.41, 95% CI [−0.70, −0.02], p = 0.006, respectively) while concentration of acetic, butyric, and propionic acids were elevated in patients supplemented with probiotics (SMD: 1.78, 95% CI [0.80, 2.76], p = 0.0004; SMD: 0.67, 95% CI [0.37, −0.97], p = 0.00001; SMD: 0.46, 95% CI [0.18, 0.73], p = 0.001, respectively). Meta-analysis confirmed that pro- and synbiotics supplementation was associated with significant reduction in the incidence of SRCs including abdominal distention, diarrhea, pneumonia, sepsis, surgery site infection (including superficial incisional), and urinary tract infection, as well as the duration of antibiotic therapy, duration of postoperative pyrexia, time of fluid introduction, solid diet, and duration of hospital stay (p < 0.05). Probiotics and synbiotics administration counteract SSIs/SRCs via modulating gut-immune response and production of short chain fatty acids.

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Environmental Iodine Content, Female Sex and Age Are Associated with New-Onset Amiodarone-Induced Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Adverse Reactions of Amiodarone on the Thyroid

Cardiology ◽

10.1159/000444578 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 134 (3) ◽

pp. 366-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bin Zhong ◽

Yazhu Wang ◽

Guo Zhang ◽

Zhe Wang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Adverse Reactions ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Iodine Content ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Meta Regression Analysis ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

New Onset

Objectives: To investigate the incidence of new-onset amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism (AIH) and the associated risk factors. Methods: We performed a systematic search in MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library and the Chinese database from 1995 to 2015. Studies that investigated amiodarone-related adverse reactions on the thyroid were included. A random-effect model was used for the meta-analysis to investigate the incidence rate of AIH and associated risk factors. Results: We identified 465 studies, of which data from 9 studies were included, comprising 1,972 patients. The incidence of AIH was 14.0% (95% confidence interval, CI, 8.7-21.7%) as a whole; it was higher in areas with a high than a low iodine content in the environment (20.3 vs. 8.7%, p < 0.001); subgroup analysis showed that AIH occurred in 19.2% (95% CI 10.2-33.1%) of women and 13.3% (95% CI 7.9-21.7%) of men (p < 0.001). Meta-regression analysis indicated a positive correlation with the mean age and percentage of women. Conclusions: The occurrence of AIH is a relatively frequent complication of amiodarone, and older women are more likely to develop AIH, especially in areas with a high iodine content in the environment, and restriction of total exposure to iodine might decrease the incidence of AIH.

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