scholarly journals EFFECTS OF EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE AND CONTUSION ON AUTOPHAGY-RELATED FACTORS IN SKELETAL MUSCLE OF RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-567
Author(s):  
Tongbin Pan ◽  
Mengjin Ji ◽  
Jianjian Jiao ◽  
Fengyang Yin ◽  
Cheng Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Hind Limbs

ABSTRACT Objective: To study the effects of exhaustive exercise and contusion on autophagy-related factors Beclin1, LC3 and PINK1 expression in the skeletal muscle of rats. Methods: Forty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, 6 rats in each group: C, D0, D24, D48, E0, E24, and E48. Each group of rats was killed and dissected at the different respective time points specified above. The whole quadriceps femoris of the left hind limbs were removed and divided into two parts, one for mRNAs of Beclin1, LC3 and PINK1 by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and the other for LC3 protein by Western blotting. Results: Compared with group C, the contents of Beclin1 mRNA, PINK1 mRNA, and LC3 mRNA in the immediate exhaustive exercise group (E0) were significantly reduced p<0.01. However, the levels of PINK1 mRNA, LC3 mRNA, and LC3 protein in skeletal muscle cells increased significantly in the 48 hours after exhaustion (E48) p<0.05, suggesting that cell autophagy had an increasing trend during the recovery period. Meanwhile, compared with the C group, the contents of Beclin1 mRNA, PINK1 mRNA, and LC3 mRNA in the immediate blunt contusion group (D0) increased significantly p<0.01 and were followed by a downward trend. Conclusion: Generally, there were differences between the blunt contusion and exhausted exercise models at each recovery phase. The gene expression of the autophagy-related factors was not high in the early exhaustive exercise recovery phase and subsequently followed an upward trend. But the above factors increased significantly in the immediate and early recovery phases after blunt contusion. Injury from blunt contusion may be more severe than exhaustive exercise-induced-injury, so the autophagy starts earlier according to the changes in autophagy-related factors. Level of evidence III; Therapeutic studies investigating the results of treatment.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF CONTUSION AND EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE ON MG53, PTRF IN SKELETAL MUSCLE OF RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-459
Author(s):  
Tongbin Pan ◽  
Xinwei Tong ◽  
Leilei Ye ◽  
Mengjin Ji ◽  
Jianjian Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Repair Mechanism ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Injury ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objectives To study the effects of contusion and exhaustive exercise on gene expression of MG53, PTRF, Pax7 and β-catenin in skeletal muscle of rats, and reveal the repair mechanism of skeletal muscle injury. Methods Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, with 6 rats in each group. All groups were euthanized at different time points after exhaustive exercise and contusion, respectively, while the control group was euthanized in resting state. The right gastrocnemius muscles were measured for mRNAs of MG53, PTRF, Pax7 and β-catenin by real time PCR. Results MG53 mRNA and PTRF mRNA of skeletal muscle in groups immediately after exhaustive exercise and after contusion increased significantly (p<0.05), while the two indices decreased constantly at 24 and 48 hours after injury with a similar change trend. Compared with the control group, Pax7 mRNA of skeletal muscle as a marker showed no significant difference in exhaustive exercise groups, but decreased at 48 hours after contusion (p<0.05). β-catenin mRNA of skeletal muscle down-regulated significantly over 24 hours after injury, then activated with an increased value at 48 hours after contusion (p<0.05). As a whole, the variations in the above indices in the contusion groups covered a wider range than in the exhaustive exercise groups. Conclusion The cytomembrane repair mechanism of MG53 and PTRF began immediately after the end of exhaustive exercise and contusion. Activation of Pax7 as the satellite cell marker took longer, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway showed first a decrease and then an increase resulting from the time-dependent gene expression during the repair of skeletal muscle injury. Level of evidence III, Therapeutic studies investigating the results of treatment.

Rat skeletal muscle hexokinase II mRNA and activity are increased by a single bout of acute exercise

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. E171-E178 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. O'Doherty ◽  
D. P. Bracy ◽  
H. Osawa ◽  
D. H. Wasserman ◽  
D. K. Granner
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hexokinase Ii ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Single Bout

This study addresses the potential role of skeletal muscle hexokinase (HK) II in the regulation of glucose uptake and metabolism in vivo. Male rats undertook a single bout of treadmill exercise and were then killed immediately or after a predetermined recovery period. Three muscles [soleus (Sol), gastrocnemius/plantaris (Gc), and white vastus] were excised, and HK II mRNA, GLUT-4 mRNA, total HK (HK I and HK II) and heat-stable HK (predominantly HK I) activities were assessed. Three hours after the cessation of a single bout of exhaustive exercise, HK II mRNA was significantly increased in all three muscles. Ninety or thirty minutes of exercise, with a 3-h recovery, increased Gc HK II mRNA to the same extent as exhaustive exercise, but 15 min of exercise had no effect. Gc HK II mRNA continued to increase up to 8 h after the cessation of 90 min of exercise but returned to basal by 24 h postexercise. In contrast to HK II mRNA, Gc GLUT-4 mRNA was unchanged at 0, 3, 8, and 24 h after the cessation of 90 min of exercise. Total HK activity was significantly increased in Sol and Gc, 8 and 24 h after the cessation of 90 min of exercise. Heat-stable HK activity was unchanged in all three muscles. The increase in total HK activity, inferred to be an increase of HK II, may be important in the persistence of the postexercise increase in insulin action.

scholarly journals Protein intake in the early recovery period after exhaustive exercise improves performance the following day

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1731-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ove Sollie ◽  
Per B. Jeppesen ◽  
Daniel S. Tangen ◽  
Fredrik Jernerén ◽  
Birgitte Nellemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Elite Cyclists

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of protein and carbohydrate ingestion during early recovery from exhaustive exercise on performance after 18-h recovery. Eight elite cyclists (V̇o2max: 74.0 ± 1.6 ml·kg−1·min−1) completed two exercise and diet interventions in a double-blinded, randomized, crossover design. Participants cycled first at 73% of V̇o2max (W73%) followed by 1-min intervals at 90% of V̇o2max until exhaustion. During the first 2 h of recovery, participants ingested either 1.2 g carbohydrate·kg−1·h−1 (CHO) or 0.8 g carbohydrate + 0.4 g protein·kg−1·h−1 (CHO + PROT). The diet during the remaining recovery period was similar for both interventions and adjusted to body weight. After an 18-h recovery, cycling performance was assessed with a 10-s sprint test, 30 min of cycling at W73%, and a cycling time trial (TT). The TT was 8.5% faster (41:53 ± 1:51 vs. 45:26 ± 1:32 min; P < 0.03) after CHO + PROT compared with CHO. Mean power output during the sprints was 3.7% higher in CHO + PROT compared with CHO (1,063 ± 54 vs. 1,026 ± 53 W; P = 0.01). Nitrogen balance in the recovery period was negative in CHO and neutral in CHO + PROT (−82.4 ± 11.5 vs. 7.0 ± 15.4 mg/kg; P < 0.01). In conclusion, TT and sprint performances were improved 18 h after exhaustive cycling by CHO + PROT supplementation during the first 2 h of recovery compared with isoenergetic CHO supplementation. Our results indicate that intake of carbohydrate plus protein after exhaustive endurance exercise more rapidly converts the body from a catabolic to an anabolic state than carbohydrate alone, thus speeding recovery and improving subsequent cycling performance. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Prolonged high intensity endurance exercise depends on glycogen utilization and high oxidative capacity. Still, exhaustion develops and effective recovery strategies are required to compete in multiday stage races. We show that coingestion of protein and carbohydrate during the first 2 h of recovery is superior to isoenergetic intake of carbohydrate to stimulate recovery, and improves both endurance time-trial and 10-s sprint performance the following day in elite cyclists.

scholarly journals Exhaustive Exercise and Post-exercise Protein Plus Carbohydrate Supplementation Affect Plasma and Urine Concentrations of Sulfur Amino Acids, the Ratio of Methionine to Homocysteine and Glutathione in Elite Male Cyclists

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Olsen ◽  
Ove Sollie ◽  
Eha Nurk ◽  
Cheryl Turner ◽  
Fredrik Jernerén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplementation ◽  
Methylation Capacity ◽  
Urine Concentrations

Plasma and tissue sulfur amino acid (SAA) availability are crucial for intracellular methylation reactions and cellular antioxidant defense, which are important processes during exercise and in recovery. In this randomized, controlled crossover trial among eight elite male cyclists, we explored the effect of exhaustive exercise and post-exercise supplementation with carbohydrates and protein (CHO+PROT) vs. carbohydrates (CHO) on plasma and urine SAAs, a potential new marker of methylation capacity (methionine/total homocysteine ratio [Met/tHcy]) and related metabolites. The purpose of the study was to further explore the role of SAAs in exercise and recovery. Athletes cycled to exhaustion and consumed supplements immediately after and in 30 min intervals for 120 min post-exercise. After ~18 h recovery, performance was tested in a time trial in which the CHO+PROT group cycled 8.5% faster compared to the CHO group (41:53 ± 1:51 vs. 45:26 ± 1:32 min, p &lt; 0.05). Plasma methionine decreased by ~23% during exhaustive exercise. Two h post-exercise, further decline in methionine had occured by ~55% in the CHO group vs. ~33% in the CHO+PROT group (pgroup × time &lt; 0.001). The Met/tHcy ratio decreased by ~33% during exhaustive exercise, and by ~54% in the CHO group vs. ~27% in the CHO+PROT group (pgroup × time &lt; 0.001) post-exercise. Plasma cystathionine increased by ~72% in the CHO group and ~282% in the CHO+PROT group post-exercise (pgroup × time &lt; 0.001). Plasma total cysteine, taurine and total glutathione increased by 12% (p = 0.03), 85% (p &lt; 0.001) and 17% (p = 0.02), respectively during exhaustive exercise. Using publicly available transcriptomic data, we report upregulated transcript levels of skeletal muscle SLC7A5 (log2 fold-change: 0.45, FDR:1.8e−07) and MAT2A (log2 fold-change: 0.38, FDR: 3.4e−0.7) after acute exercise. Our results show that exercise acutely lowers plasma methionine and the Met/tHcy ratio. This response was attenuated in the CHO+PROT compared to the CHO group in the early recovery phase potentially affecting methylation capacity and contributing to improved recovery.

scholarly journals PO-142 Effects of hypoxia preconditioning on acute hypoxic exercise-induced phosphorylation of AMPKα in mice skeletal muscle

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wei ◽  
Lin jia Wang ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Hypoxic Condition ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ampk Activation ◽  
Hypoxia Preconditioning ◽  
Hypoxic Exercise

Objective AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic energy sensor and its activation plays an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Increasing evidence indicates that AMPK activation depend on the phosphorylation sites in AMPKα. Thr172 is involved in AMPK activation, whereas Ser485/491 are not. Under suitable stress stimulations, the phosphorylation of AMPKα at the Thr172 site can increase AMPK activation. However, serious hypoxic exercise or taking antioxidants before exercise can reduce the activation of AMPK by phosphorylating AMPK α1Ser485/α2Ser491 sites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hypoxia preconditioning on exhaustive exercise under hypoxic condition induced AMPKα Thr172 and Ser485/491 phosphorylation in mice skeletal muscle. Methods The 40 eight-week-old male C57BL/6J wild type mice were randomly divided into four groups (10 mice /group): non-hypoxia preconditioning control group (NC), hypoxia preconditioning control group (HC), non-hypoxia preconditioning acute hypoxic exercise group (NE), and hypoxia preconditioning acute hypoxic exercise group (HE). Hypoxia preconditioning groups were exposure in hypoxia for 48h, with the oxygen concentration was 11.2%. Meanwhile, non-hypoxia preconditioning was in the normoxic condition for 48h. After hypoxia preconditioning, acute hypoxic exercise groups finished an exhaustive exercise. Tibialis anterior muscles of mice were collected immediately after the exhaustive exercise. The protein expression of the total AMPKα, Thr172-AMPKα phosphorylation, and Ser485-AMPKα1/Ser491-AMPKα2 phosphorylation were measured by Western Blot. Thr172-AMPKα phosphorylation to total AMPKα ratio and Ser485-AMPKα1/Ser491-AMPKα2 phosphorylation to total AMPKα ratio was calculated. Results Compared with NE group, The Thr172-AMPKα phosphorylation to total AMPKα ratio was increased significantly, whereas the relative expression of Ser485-AMPKα1/Ser491-AMPKα2 phosphorylation to total AMPKα ratio seemed to decreased in skeletal muscle of HE group. Conclusions The 48h hypoxia preconditioning could improve the AMPK activation by Thr172-AMPKα phosphorylation in mice skeletal muscle following an exhaustive exercise under the hypoxic condition.

scholarly journals Gene expression profiling of porcine skeletal muscle in the early recovery phase following acute physical activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 833-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette H. Jensen ◽  
Lene N. Conley ◽  
Jakob Hedegaard ◽  
Mathilde Nielsen ◽  
Jette F. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Gene Expression Profiling ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Early Recovery Phase

scholarly journals Coingestion of protein and carbohydrate in the early recovery phase, compared with carbohydrate only, improves endurance performance despite similar glycogen degradation and AMPK phosphorylation

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius A. Dahl ◽  
José Lisandro Areta ◽  
Per Bendix Jeppesen ◽  
Jesper Bratz Birk ◽  
Egil I. Johansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Ampk Phosphorylation ◽  
Early Recovery Phase

Endurance athletes competing consecutive days need optimal dietary intake during the recovery period. We report that coingestion of protein and carbohydrate soon after exhaustive exercise, compared with carbohydrate only, resulted in better performance the following day. The better performance after coingestion of protein and carbohydrate was not associated with a higher rate of glycogen synthesis or activation of anabolic signaling compared with carbohydrate only. Importantly, nitrogen balance was positive after coingestion of protein and carbohydrate, which was not the case after intake of carbohydrate only, suggesting that protein synthesis contributes to the better performance the following day.

scholarly journals CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGE IN ATHLETES AT DIFFERENT TRAINING STATUS LEVELS

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Xiumei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Introduction: Heart rate and blood pressure are important physiological indicators that reflect cardiovascular function, and they are widely used because they are convenient and practical to measure. Objective: To study the characteristics of cardiovascular changes in athletes under different training conditions. Methods: Thirty-four male students majoring in physical education in universities (group A) and 22 male non-sports majors (group B) with no formal training history were randomly selected. Heart rate before and after exercise and heart rate recovery rate at different stages of the recovery period were compared. Results: As regards heart rate changes in the recovery phase after loading, both groups showed a continuous decline, although the drop in heart rate of group A was slightly lower than that of group B (153.03± 15.88 beats/min, dropped to 110.69± 15.78 beats/minute, 171.00± 14.67 beats/minute dropped to 122. 82± 13.77 beats/min, respectively). However, the heart rate recovery rate of group A (59.40%) was significantly higher than that of group B (49.42%) (P<0.05). Conclusions: Physical exercise plays a significant role in promoting physical fitness and its effect on improving cardiovascular function is especially evident. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

scholarly journals PO-014 The effects of HIIT on ROS-AMPK- PGC-1α pathway in skeletal muscle and VO2max of ageing Wistar rats.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongye Jiang ◽  
Hao Su ◽  
Tianhao Wen ◽  
Jia Shao ◽  
Liang LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Aging Rats

Objective To observe the 16 weeks of HIIT intervention on SOD,ROS and its related factors AMPK and oxidation capacity PGC-1α expression and the influence of the VO2max and its change rule in the process of the natural aging rats, To explore the correlation between the expression of ROS, AMPK and PGC-1αand the change of VO2max; Furthermore, it provides a theoretical basis for HIIT to delay the reduction of aerobic capacity in skeletal muscle ageing. Methods 58 male wistar rats(age：32 weeks) were selected and randomly divided into quiet group (C) and HIIT intervention group (H). All rats were fed in the barrier environment. Each group of rats entered the animal laboratory for a week of adaptive feeding and exercise. VO2max was tested and observed every two weeks in each group. Rats of group C don't exercise, group H at a rate of 50%, 70% and 90% VO2max corresponding alternation of 50 min/day, 5 days/week, for 16 weeks of exercise intervention, and according to the VO2max test results the exercise intensity. Both groups of rats in the intervention of 8 weeks, 16 weeks after the end of the 24 hours of materials, stripping rats soleus, SOD and content of ROS was tested by multifunctional enzyme mark, using western blot test the expression of AMPK and PGC-1α. VO2max, SOD, ROS test results and AMPK, PGC-1α, and relative expression data were analyzed using SPSS for one way ANOVA. Results The cardiopulmonary endurance of rats in group C and group H showed a decreasing trend in group C and group H during HIIT intervention, but the decrease trend in group H was slower than that in group C. 2. During 16 weeks aging , SOD expression of group C in the process of rendering first rise after falling, and expressed in 8 weeks SOD content was significantly lower than base value (P < 0.05), 16 weeks group C SOD levels higher than the base state. After 16 weeks of intervention, the expression of SOD in group H was relatively flat in the first 8 weeks, and the trend was in 8-16 weeks, and was significantly lower than 8 weeks in 16 weeks (P < 0.05). 3.The ROS content was significantly higher than basic state in 8 weeks and 16 weeks in the intervention process (P<0.05), and the ROS content was significantly higher than 8 weeks (P<0.05) at 16 weeks. The ROS content of group C and group H was significantly higher than that in the group at 8 weeks (P < 0.05). 4.The AMPK content in group C was significantly lower than that of the basic value (P<0.05), and the AMPK content in group H was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.05). 5.After the intervention of 16 weeks, the content of PGC-1α in group C and group H showed a decrease trend and significantly lower than the basic value (P<0.05), but the content of group H was significantly higher than that of group C (P<0.05). 6.The changes of AMPK, PGC-1α and cardiopulmonary endurance were the same in all groups during the intervention. Conclusions 1.16 weeks of HIIT can effectively delay the decrease of SOD content in the aging rats, thus inhibiting the accumulation of ROS in the body. 2.16 weeks of HIIT intervention can effectively delay the expression of VO2max and AMPK and PGC-1α in aging rats. 3.16 weeks HIIT may delay the decrease of AMPK-PGC1 protein expression by inhibiting the accumulation of skeletal muscle ROS in the aging rats, thus inhibiting the decrease of VO2max.

scholarly journals Preischemic Hyperglycemia and Postischemic Alteration of Rat Brain Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Activity

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Lundgren ◽  
Monika Cardell ◽  
Tadeusz Wieloch ◽  
Bo K. Siesjö
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Ischemic Brain

Transient cerebral ischemia in normoglycemic animals is followed by a decrease in glucose utilization, reflecting a postischemic cerebral metabolic depression and a reduction in the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC). Preischemic hyperglycemia, which aggravates ischemic brain damage and invariably causes seizure, is known to further reduce cerebral metabolic rate. To investigate whether these effects are accompanied by changes in PDHC activity, the postischemic cerebral cortical activity of this enzyme was investigated in rats with preischemic hyperglycemia (plasma glucose 20–25 m M). The results were compared with those obtained in normoglycemic animals (plasma glucose 5–10 m M). The activated portion of PDHC and total PDHC activity were measured in neocortical samples as the rate of decarboxylation of [14C]pyruvate in crude brain mitochondrial homogenates after 5 min, 15 min, 1 h, 6 h, and 18 h of recirculation following 15 min of incomplete cerebral ischemia. In normoglycemic animals the fraction of activated PDHC, which rises abruptly during ischemia, was reduced to 19–25% during recirculation compared with 30% in sham-operated controls. In hyperglycemic rats the fraction of activated PDHC was higher during the first 15 min of recirculation. However, after 1 and 6 h of recirculation, the fraction was reduced to values similar to those measured in normoglycemic animals. Fifteen of 26 rats experienced early (1–4 h post ischemia) seizures in the recovery period. The PDHC activity appeared unchanged prior to these early postischemic seizures. We conclude that the accentuated depression of postischemic metabolic rate observed in hyperglycemic animals is not coupled to a corresponding postischemic depression of PDHC. The relative increase in the fraction of activated PDHC in the early recovery phase in hyperglycemic animals probably reflects either increased intramitochondrial calcium levels or persistent increases in the NADH/NAD and/or ADP/ATP ratios.

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