scholarly journals Exhaustive Exercise and Post-exercise Protein Plus Carbohydrate Supplementation Affect Plasma and Urine Concentrations of Sulfur Amino Acids, the Ratio of Methionine to Homocysteine and Glutathione in Elite Male Cyclists

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Olsen ◽  
Ove Sollie ◽  
Eha Nurk ◽  
Cheryl Turner ◽  
Fredrik Jernerén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplementation ◽  
Methylation Capacity ◽  
Urine Concentrations

Plasma and tissue sulfur amino acid (SAA) availability are crucial for intracellular methylation reactions and cellular antioxidant defense, which are important processes during exercise and in recovery. In this randomized, controlled crossover trial among eight elite male cyclists, we explored the effect of exhaustive exercise and post-exercise supplementation with carbohydrates and protein (CHO+PROT) vs. carbohydrates (CHO) on plasma and urine SAAs, a potential new marker of methylation capacity (methionine/total homocysteine ratio [Met/tHcy]) and related metabolites. The purpose of the study was to further explore the role of SAAs in exercise and recovery. Athletes cycled to exhaustion and consumed supplements immediately after and in 30 min intervals for 120 min post-exercise. After ~18 h recovery, performance was tested in a time trial in which the CHO+PROT group cycled 8.5% faster compared to the CHO group (41:53 ± 1:51 vs. 45:26 ± 1:32 min, p < 0.05). Plasma methionine decreased by ~23% during exhaustive exercise. Two h post-exercise, further decline in methionine had occured by ~55% in the CHO group vs. ~33% in the CHO+PROT group (pgroup × time < 0.001). The Met/tHcy ratio decreased by ~33% during exhaustive exercise, and by ~54% in the CHO group vs. ~27% in the CHO+PROT group (pgroup × time < 0.001) post-exercise. Plasma cystathionine increased by ~72% in the CHO group and ~282% in the CHO+PROT group post-exercise (pgroup × time < 0.001). Plasma total cysteine, taurine and total glutathione increased by 12% (p = 0.03), 85% (p < 0.001) and 17% (p = 0.02), respectively during exhaustive exercise. Using publicly available transcriptomic data, we report upregulated transcript levels of skeletal muscle SLC7A5 (log2 fold-change: 0.45, FDR:1.8e−07) and MAT2A (log2 fold-change: 0.38, FDR: 3.4e−0.7) after acute exercise. Our results show that exercise acutely lowers plasma methionine and the Met/tHcy ratio. This response was attenuated in the CHO+PROT compared to the CHO group in the early recovery phase potentially affecting methylation capacity and contributing to improved recovery.

scholarly journals Protein intake in the early recovery period after exhaustive exercise improves performance the following day

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1731-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ove Sollie ◽  
Per B. Jeppesen ◽  
Daniel S. Tangen ◽  
Fredrik Jernerén ◽  
Birgitte Nellemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Elite Cyclists

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of protein and carbohydrate ingestion during early recovery from exhaustive exercise on performance after 18-h recovery. Eight elite cyclists (V̇o2max: 74.0 ± 1.6 ml·kg−1·min−1) completed two exercise and diet interventions in a double-blinded, randomized, crossover design. Participants cycled first at 73% of V̇o2max (W73%) followed by 1-min intervals at 90% of V̇o2max until exhaustion. During the first 2 h of recovery, participants ingested either 1.2 g carbohydrate·kg−1·h−1 (CHO) or 0.8 g carbohydrate + 0.4 g protein·kg−1·h−1 (CHO + PROT). The diet during the remaining recovery period was similar for both interventions and adjusted to body weight. After an 18-h recovery, cycling performance was assessed with a 10-s sprint test, 30 min of cycling at W73%, and a cycling time trial (TT). The TT was 8.5% faster (41:53 ± 1:51 vs. 45:26 ± 1:32 min; P < 0.03) after CHO + PROT compared with CHO. Mean power output during the sprints was 3.7% higher in CHO + PROT compared with CHO (1,063 ± 54 vs. 1,026 ± 53 W; P = 0.01). Nitrogen balance in the recovery period was negative in CHO and neutral in CHO + PROT (−82.4 ± 11.5 vs. 7.0 ± 15.4 mg/kg; P < 0.01). In conclusion, TT and sprint performances were improved 18 h after exhaustive cycling by CHO + PROT supplementation during the first 2 h of recovery compared with isoenergetic CHO supplementation. Our results indicate that intake of carbohydrate plus protein after exhaustive endurance exercise more rapidly converts the body from a catabolic to an anabolic state than carbohydrate alone, thus speeding recovery and improving subsequent cycling performance. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Prolonged high intensity endurance exercise depends on glycogen utilization and high oxidative capacity. Still, exhaustion develops and effective recovery strategies are required to compete in multiday stage races. We show that coingestion of protein and carbohydrate during the first 2 h of recovery is superior to isoenergetic intake of carbohydrate to stimulate recovery, and improves both endurance time-trial and 10-s sprint performance the following day in elite cyclists.

A series of three case reports in patients with phenylketonuria performing regular exercise: first steps in dietary adjustment

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlio César Rocha ◽  
Esther van Dam ◽  
Kirsten Ahring ◽  
Manuela Ferreira Almeida ◽  
Amaya Bélanger-Quintana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Protein Substitute ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery

Abstract Background Phenylketonuria (PKU), a rare, inherited metabolic condition, is treated with a strict low-phenylalanine (Phe) diet, supplemented with Phe-free protein substitute. The optimal nutritional management of a sporting individual with PKU has not been described. Therefore, guidelines for the general athlete have to be adapted. Case presentation Three clinical scenarios of sporting patients with PKU are given, illustrating dietary adaptations to usual management and challenges to attain optimal sporting performance. Therefore, the main objectives of sports nutrition in PKU are to (1) maintain a high carbohydrate diet; (2) carefully monitor hydration status; and (3) give attention to the timing of protein substitute intake in the immediate post-exercise recovery phase. Optimal energy intake should be given prior to, during and post exercise training sessions or competition. Fortunately, a usual low-Phe diet is rich in carbohydrate, but attention is required on the types of special low-protein foods chosen. Acute exercise does not seem to influence blood Phe concentrations, but further evidence is needed. Summary Well-treated PKU patients should be able to participate in sports activities, but this is associated with increased nutritional requirements and dietary adjustments. Conclusions It should be the goal of all sporting patients with PKU to maintain good metabolic Phe control and attain maximal athletic performance.

Time-course of changes in cardiac function during recovery after acute exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1164-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Y. Wonders ◽  
David S. Hydock ◽  
Reid Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Single Bout

Exercise-induced cardiac dysfunction (EICD) has been observed immediately following exhaustive exercise in trained individuals, but limited and conflicting data are available regarding EICD in a previously untrained population days after an exhaustive exercise bout. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a single bout of acute exercise on cardiac function during the 72 h after exercise and identify potential contributing mechanisms. After completing an acute exercise bout on a motorized treadmill (25 m/min, 5% grade, 60 min), rats were sacrificed immediately, 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h after the exercise bout. At the scheduled time of sacrifice, hearts were isolated and perfused for determination of ex vivo cardiac function, and examined for malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation index, and antioxidant potential (AOP). During the 48 h post exercise, left ventricular developed pressure decreased by 30%, dP/dtmax declined by 37%, and dP/dtmin showed a 34% decrease (p < 0.05). By 72 h, cardiac function had returned to control levels. MDA was increased immediately after the exercise bout and at the 24 and 48 h intervals (p < 0.05). Conversely, AOP progressively decreased at the 24 and 48 h intervals. As with cardiac function, MDA and AOP had returned to control levels by 72 h post-exercise. These data indicate that a single bout of prolonged, moderately intense exercise performed by previously sedentary rats impaired cardiac function for up to 48 h. This decrement in cardiac function was associated with increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant potential.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE AND CONTUSION ON AUTOPHAGY-RELATED FACTORS IN SKELETAL MUSCLE OF RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-567
Author(s):  
Tongbin Pan ◽  
Mengjin Ji ◽  
Jianjian Jiao ◽  
Fengyang Yin ◽  
Cheng Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Hind Limbs

ABSTRACT Objective: To study the effects of exhaustive exercise and contusion on autophagy-related factors Beclin1, LC3 and PINK1 expression in the skeletal muscle of rats. Methods: Forty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, 6 rats in each group: C, D0, D24, D48, E0, E24, and E48. Each group of rats was killed and dissected at the different respective time points specified above. The whole quadriceps femoris of the left hind limbs were removed and divided into two parts, one for mRNAs of Beclin1, LC3 and PINK1 by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and the other for LC3 protein by Western blotting. Results: Compared with group C, the contents of Beclin1 mRNA, PINK1 mRNA, and LC3 mRNA in the immediate exhaustive exercise group (E0) were significantly reduced p<0.01. However, the levels of PINK1 mRNA, LC3 mRNA, and LC3 protein in skeletal muscle cells increased significantly in the 48 hours after exhaustion (E48) p<0.05, suggesting that cell autophagy had an increasing trend during the recovery period. Meanwhile, compared with the C group, the contents of Beclin1 mRNA, PINK1 mRNA, and LC3 mRNA in the immediate blunt contusion group (D0) increased significantly p<0.01 and were followed by a downward trend. Conclusion: Generally, there were differences between the blunt contusion and exhausted exercise models at each recovery phase. The gene expression of the autophagy-related factors was not high in the early exhaustive exercise recovery phase and subsequently followed an upward trend. But the above factors increased significantly in the immediate and early recovery phases after blunt contusion. Injury from blunt contusion may be more severe than exhaustive exercise-induced-injury, so the autophagy starts earlier according to the changes in autophagy-related factors. Level of evidence III; Therapeutic studies investigating the results of treatment.

The Basis for the Increase in Factor VIII Procoagulant Activity During Exercise

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (01) ◽  
pp. 053-057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G Kopitsky ◽  
Mary Ellen P Switzer ◽  
R Sanders Williams ◽  
Patrick A McKee
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Fviii Activity ◽  
Plasma Factor ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Healthy Males ◽  
Related Increase

SummaryWe studied the effect of acute exercise on the ability of thrombin to activate plasma factor VIII (FVIII) activity in 20 healthy males. The subject showed an average exercise-related increase in FVIII activity of 54.5±8.2% over pre-exercise FVIII activity (p<0.001). When exposed to the same concentration of thrombin, post-exercise FVIII activity showed greater enhancement than pre-exercise FVIII activity: 157.1±12.8% increase in activity versus 117.3±9.9%, respectively (p<0.01). The degree of the potentiated thrombin effect in post-exercise samples relative to pre-exercise samples was linearly correlated with the degree of the exercise-related increase in FVIII activity. Taken together with our previous observations that the extent of thrombin enhancement of FVIII activity varies inversely with the mole ratio of FVIII/von Willebrand factor subunits to thrombin, these findings imply that release of FVIII does not occur during exercise, and that the exercise-related increase in FVIII activity results primarily, if not completely, from activation of already circulating but inactive FVIII.

Carbohydrate Supplementation Improves Time-Trial Cycle Performance at 4300 m Altitude

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Fulco ◽  
K. W. Kambis ◽  
A. L. Friedlander ◽  
P. B. Rock ◽  
J. E. Staab
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplementation

Influence of Carbohydrate Supplementation on Plasma Cytokine and Neutrophil Degranulation Responses to High Intensity Intermittent Exercise

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolette C. Bishop ◽  
Michael Gleeson ◽  
Ceri W. Nicholas ◽  
Ajmol Ali
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Neutrophil Function ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplementation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Neutrophil Degranulation ◽  
Factor Α

Ingesting carbohydrate (CHO) beverages during prolonged, continuous heavy exercise results in smaller changes in the plasma concentrations of several cytokines and attenuates a decline in neutrophil function. In contrast, ingesting CHO during prolonged intermittent exercise appears to have negligible influence on these responses, probably due to the overall moderate intensity of these intermittent exercise protocols. Therefore, we examined the effect of CHO ingestion on plasma interIeukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimuIated neutrophil degranulation responses to high-intensity intermittent running. Six trained male soccer players performed 2 exercise trials, 7 days apart, in a randomized, counterbalanced design. On each occasion, they completed six 15-min periods of intermittent running consisting of maximal sprinting interspersed with less intense periods of running and walking. Subjects consumed either CHO or artificially sweetened placebo(PLA) beverages immediately before and at 15-min intervals during the exercise. At 30 min post-exercise, CHO versus PLA was associated with a higher plasma glucose concentration (p< .01), a lower plasma cortisol and IL-6 concentration (p < .02), and fewer numbers of circulating neutrophils (p < .05). Following the exercise, LPS-stimulated elastase release per neutrophil fell 31 % below baseline values on the PLA trial (p = .06) compared with 11% on the CHO trial (p = .30). Plasma TNF-α concentration increased following the exercise (main effect of time, p < .001) but was not affected by CHO. These data indicate that CHO ingestion attenuates changes in plasma IL-6 concentration, neutrophil trafficking, and LPS-stimulated neutrophil degranulation in response to intermittent exercise that involves bouts of very high intensity exercise.

scholarly journals IMF effect on the polar cap contraction and expansion during a period of substorms

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Aikio ◽  
T. Pitkänen ◽  
I. Honkonen ◽  
M. Palmroth ◽  
O. Amm
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Bow Shock ◽  
Polar Cap ◽  
Reconnection Rate ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Mhd Simulation ◽  
Expansion Phase ◽  
Contraction And Expansion ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
The Imf

Abstract. The polar cap boundary (PCB) location and motion in the nightside ionosphere has been studied by using measurements from the EISCAT radars and the MIRACLE magnetometers during a period of four substorms on 18 February 2004. The OMNI database has been used for observations of the solar wind and the Geotail satellite for magnetospheric measurements. In addition, the event was modelled by the GUMICS-4 MHD simulation. The simulation of the PCB location was in a rather good agreement with the experimental estimates at the EISCAT longitude. During the first three substorm expansion phases, neither the local observations nor the global simulation showed any poleward motions of the PCB, even though the electrojets intensified. Rapid poleward motions of the PCB took place only in the early recovery phases of the substorms. Hence, in these cases the nightside reconnection rate was locally higher in the recovery phase than in the expansion phase. In addition, we suggest that the IMF Bz component correlated with the nightside tail inclination angle and the PCB location with about a 17-min delay from the bow shock. By taking the delay into account, the IMF northward turnings were associated with dipolarizations of the magnetotail and poleward motions of the PCB in the recovery phase. The mechanism behind this effect should be studied further.

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