scholarly journals Growth and hematological responses of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum fed different levels of rice, Oryza spp.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. R. Aride ◽  
A. M. Oliveira ◽  
M. S. Ferreira ◽  
A. R. S. Liebl ◽  
L. E. Comassetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Total Food ◽  
In The Wild

Abstract The tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is a fish of primary importance in South American aquaculture, principally in the Amazon region and has a particularly unique diet in the wild. Oryza spp, or Wild rice as it is commonly known, is native to the floodplains of muddy rivers in the Amazon region. The aim of this study was to analyze the physical performance and the effects of dietary levels of Oryza spp. via the hematological parameters, total food intake, conversion efficiency, growth ratio and swimming performance of this fish. Diets containing 45% Oryza spp. induced the best performance in tambaqui. Diets containing 15% and 30% did not affect these indices, thus indicating that this amount of Oryza can be used as an alternative energy source for this important species within Brazilian aquaculture.

scholarly journals Growth and hematological responses of tambaqui fed different amounts of cassava (Manihot esculenta)

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1697-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H.R. Aride ◽  
A.T. Oliveira ◽  
A.M. Oliveira ◽  
M.S. Ferreira ◽  
R.B. Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Alternative Energy Source ◽  
Hematological Changes

ABSTRACT Tambaqui,Colossoma macropomum is a fish of primary importance in Brazilian aquaculture and in the Amazon region in particular. The aim of this work is to analyze the combined effects of physical training and levels of dietary cassava (Manihot esculenta) on the hematological parameters, food intake, conversion efficiency, growth ratio and swimming performance of this fish. A diet for tambaqui consisting of 30% cassava caused decreases in weight gain and specific growth rate compared with the control group. Diets containing 15% or 45% cassava did not affect these indices and did not cause hematological changes in tambaqui juveniles, indicating that some amount of cassava can be used as an alternative energy source for this important aquaculture species.

scholarly journals Changes on physiological parameters of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fed with diets supplemented with Amazonian fruit Camu camu (Myrciaria dubia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. R. Aride ◽  
A. M. Oliveira ◽  
R. B. Batista ◽  
M. S. Ferreira ◽  
J. Pantoja-Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Myrciaria Dubia ◽  
Metabolic Variables

Abstract The physiological responses of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fed commercial feed supplemented with different concentrations of camu camu (Myrciaria dubia) were evaluated. The design was completely randomized, with treatments arranged in a factorial design with three proportions of camu camu (15%, 30% and 45%) and a control treatment (100% commercial diet), with four replicates per treatment. A total of 96 tambaqui specimens were used, with a mean initial weight of 11.69 ± 2.68 g and a mean length of 7.06 ± 0.44 cm. After 30 days, hematological parameters, metabolic variables, growth and fish swimming performance were evaluated. The different proportions of camu camu in the diet did not cause significant changes to the tambaqui's hematological parameters during the feeding period, except for hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) after the 30th day, and hematocrit (Ht) after the swimming stress test, which increased significantly (p < 0.05). The significant increases in metabolic variables, such as cortisol, glucose, proteins and triglycerides, and in hematologic variables after the Ucrit test reflect, respectively, biochemical adaptations for maintenance of the energy mobilization process and a regulatory necessity in tissue oxygen demand during intense exercise. Fish fed 15% and 30% camu camu gained the most weight and achieved the best swimming performance, respectively. The results for camu camu concentrations above 30% suggest a saturation of its intrinsic properties in the diet at this level and a loss of nutrients from the commercial feed replaced by the fruit, reducing productive performance and nutritional assimilation.

Comparative study of hematological parameters of Colossoma macropomum anesthetized with benzocaine and eugenol by using different anticoagulants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andria Gama Sousa ◽  
Acácio H. B. Pacheco ◽  
Gilson A. Siqueira-Pinto ◽  
Gleika T. J. dos Reis ◽  
Michelle M. S. Fugimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum

Ecology of the Atlantic Forest

Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Damstra ◽  
Cristina Banks-Leite
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Habitat Transformation ◽  
Golden Lion Tamarin ◽  
Palm Heart ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Unique Domain

Extending along the southern coast of Brazil, into Argentina and Paraguay, the Atlantic Forest is a domain that once covered 150 Mha and includes many distinct forest subtypes and ecosystems. Its large latitudinal (29˚) and altitudinal (0–2,800 m above sea level) range, as well as complex topography in the region, has created microclimates within forest subtypes, which has led to biodiversity specifically adapted to narrow ecological ranges. The region is incredibly species-rich and is home to charismatic or economically important species such as the black and golden lion tamarin, the red-browned Amazon parrot, and the highly prized palm heart from Euterpe edulis. Through widespread human-driven change dating back to the arrival of European settlers in 1500, this realm has been extensively reduced, fragmented, and modified. Nowadays, this region is home to about 130 million people (60 percent of the Brazilian population) and is responsible for producing 70 percent of Brazil’s GDP, putting a strain on natural resources and providing challenges to conservation. Due to its high levels of endemic species coupled with a high threat of habitat loss and fragmentation, the Atlantic Forest has been identified as a “biodiversity hotspot.” Numerous studies have assessed the effects of habitat transformation on biodiversity and the consensus is that the majority of species are negatively affected. It is puzzling however that few species have actually gone extinct in the wild, even if some extinctions might have gone undetected. Extinctions do not immediately follow habitat change, there is often a time lag of many decades between habitat transformation and extinction. This may suggest that many species in the Atlantic Forest are “living deads,” as despite their presence the available habitat no longer supports their requirements. It also suggests that there is a window of opportunity to restoring the domain to avert extinctions before they are realized. Current research and policy actions are geared toward optimizing restoration and increasing the extent of native forest cover, bringing hope to the conservation of this unique domain.

Effect of adrenalectomy and corticosterone replacement on meal patterns of Zucker rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (5) ◽  
pp. R584-R594 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Freedman ◽  
T. W. Castonguay ◽  
J. S. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Meal Patterns ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Total Food

Male obese and lean Zucker rats were adrenalectomized (ADX) or sham-operated at 10 wk of age. Approximately 16 wk later, patterns of food intake were monitored by computer-interfaced top loading balances. Data were collected from ADX rats before, during, and after access to a corticosterone-supplemented saline solution (20 micrograms/ml). Although total food intake during the precorticosterone treatment period was not different between ADX and sham controls, ADX resulted in attenuation of light cycle food intake, primarily via decreased meal frequency. With steroid replacement, light cycle meal frequency and food intake increased. Despite comparable self-administered dose (20.33 +/- 0.89 vs. 17.05 +/- 1.2 mg corticosterone/period, obese vs. lean), obese ADX rats were more responsive to steroid than were lean ADX rats. This increased responsiveness was reflected by a 30% increase in food intake and 60% increase in body weight gain of obese ADX rats during replacement. Lean ADX rats exhibited no change in total food intake or weight gain with replacement. Further, during corticosterone treatment, obese ADX rats increased meal frequency, total food intake, and consumption of large meals (greater than or equal to 4 g) during the dark cycle. Significant postprandial correlations were found only in obese ADX rats, both with and without replacement during the dark cycle. These results suggest adrenal glucocorticoids have a minimal effect on food intake and meal patterns in lean Zucker rats but significantly alter intake and meal patterns in obese rats.

Benefits of Courtship-Feeding for Rifleman (Acanthisitta Chloris) Parents

Behaviour ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 303-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Sherley
Keyword(s):  
Egg Laying ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Pair Bonds ◽  
Courtship Feeding ◽  
Total Food ◽  
First Clutch ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Abstract1. Courtship-feeding was studied in riflemen (Acanthisitta chloris) in a population at Kaikoura, South Island, New Zealand between 1982 and 1984. The proportion of the food males collected which was donated to his mate was calculated and what proportion of the female's diet this represented. This information revealed that males made a significant early season contribution to parental care. 2. Allied information collected during the pre-lay and egg-laying periods included the time to form eggs, laying interval and clutch size. 3. Courtship-feeding in riflemen involved no ceremony. 4. Copulation attempts did not correspond with bouts courtship-feeding or the peak of courtship-feeding. 5. Pairs spent 91.2% of daylight hours in each other's company, which facilitated coursthip-feeding. 6. Food items delivered in courtship-feeding were significantly larger than those eaten by males or females while foraging for themselves, and larger food items were consistently offered throughout the pre-laying and egg-laying periods. 7. The peak in the volume of food delivered to the female occurred about 3.5 days after the first egg was laid. 8. Overall the male contributed 42% of the food he gathered to the female and this comprised 35% of her total food intake. 9. Females fed themselves enough food to meet maintenance requirements and the extra required for oogenesis was received from the male through courtship-feeding and any reserves stored by the female. 10. Riflemen laid eggs every 48 hours which probably reduced peak energy demands during oogenesis. 11. Courtship-feeding was not associated with second clutches which were significantly smaller than the first clutch laid and reared in a season. 12. Incubation occurred after the last egg was laid but was sometimes delayed. During the delay courtship-feeding continued until incubation started. 13. Courtship-feeding represents a significant early season investment by male riflemen in their offspring which probably allows time to rear two broods thereby improving both parents' productivity. Such early season investment might influence sexual selection towards stable, monogamous pair bonds.

PREVIOUS DIETARY PROTEIN LEVEL AND SURVIVAL OF STARVING RATS IN THE COLD

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Beaton ◽  
T. Orme ◽  
A. Turner ◽  
J. Laufer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

The effect of the level of dietary protein (5%, 20%, 40% casein by weight) fed for 7 days in an environmental temperature of 22 °C, upon the survival of rats subsequently starved in an environmental temperature of 2 °C was studied. In these experiments ad libitum feeding, isocaloric feeding, and restricted feeding techniques were used, and the effects of thyroidectomy and thyroid feeding were investigated. In all cases, animals provided with the 5% protein diet survived for shorter periods than did those fed the 20% protein diet. In intact rats, but not in thyroidectomized rats, survival time appeared to be inversely related to rate of body weight loss in starvation. Differences in duration of survival among dietary groups are not explicable on the basis of differences in body weight, body composition, or total food intake prior to starvation. The results of experiments using thyroidectomized rats and thyroid feeding suggest that the effect of dietary protein level upon survival in subsequent starvation in the cold are not mediated through the thyroid gland.

scholarly journals Manipulation of growth of the Amazonian fish tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae): analysis of physiological and zootechnical aspects

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlan de Lima PAZ ◽  
Adalberto Luis VAL
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum

ABSTRACT Colossoma macropomum, known locally as tambaqui, is the native fish most farmed in Brazil, however, technological advances are needed to reach efficient production rates. Modulating growth factors, such as growth hormone, may be associated with improved growth rate and feed efficiency. The use of exogenous hormone for fish rearing is prohibited in Brazil, yet the experimental use of bovine hormone can be useful in research aimed at understanding how to stimulate endogenous growth hormones in fish. Therefore, the present study had the strict objective of understanding the effects of growth hormone on the physiology and zootechnical parameters of C. macropomum under experimental conditions. The animals were intraperitoneally injected every fifteen days with 1, 10 and 100 μg g-1 of bGH using 0.9% NaCl saline as diluent. The 10 and 100 μg g-1 bolus had a positive effect on the performance indexes of C. macropomum: weight gain (g), growing length (cm), daily weight gain (g), feed conversion and specific growth rate (% per day). The bGH promoted a greater increase in length than in mass, which caused a reduction in condition factor of the individuals receiving a bolus of 10 and 100 μg g-1. Furthermore, bGH caused no changes in glucose levels, cortisol, hematological parameters, plasma levels of Na+ and K+, and activity of gill’s H+-ATPase and Na+, K+-ATPase, at least during the experimental period considered in the present study.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE TOTAL BILE

1924 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. McMaster
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Additional Amount ◽  
Ordinary Diet

The development of a method for the collection of total bile from dogs in a sterile state and uninfluenced by the gall bladder, day after day for weeks, has rendered possible an accurate study of the influence of diet upon the cholesterol output of the secretion. When a diet rich in cholesterol is given the amount of the substance in the bile greatly increases. Not only this but the concentration per cc. is, in almost every instance, greater. An increase in the total food intake, by the addition to the ordinary ration of a bone mash diet containing only a slight additional amount of cholesterol (200 mg.) produces a similar, though lesser, increase. In the fasting dog, the cholesterol yield is greatly cut down. The increase in the cholesterol after food rich in the substance does not depend on the cholagogue action of this latter, though it is true that the concentration of cholesterol in the bile usually increases with the bile volume. Though fasting cuts down the cholesterol of bile, the concentration of the substance per cc. is greatly increased. On an ordinary diet the yield of it fluctuates abruptly and considerably from day to day. In general the rule holds that an animal eating largely puts out not only much more bile but much more cholesterol. The relation between bile quantity and cholesterol yield is anything but a fixed one, however. The cholesterol yield of the bile does not parallel that of bilirubin. The pigment output from day to day remains relatively constant as compared with that of cholesterol.

The food intake and growth of Australian feral cross Angora kids when fed whole grain barley-lupins diets with three levels of roughage intake

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (124) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Basal Ration

Kids six months old and of mean liveweight 22 kg were offered a basal ration of barley and lupins (crude protein 15 .4%) supplemented with three levels of chopped hay (0, 13% of total intake and ad libitum). Supplementation of the basal ration with 13% hay increased total dry matter intake from 479 to 753 g/d (P< 0.001) and liveweight gain from 10 to 54 g/d (P<0 .01). Non-significant increases in total food intake and liveweight gains were achieved by supplementing with ad libitum hay; kids fed ad libitum hay actually consumed 26.9% of their diet as hay. They were then offered various mixtures of barley, oats and lupins with 13% chopped hay at near ad libitum feeding. Differences in intake or growth were not significant at P= 0.05 with kids growing at 74, 65 and 101 g/d for those fed barley, oats and lupins respectively. Results indicate that highest food intake was obtained when 13% chopped hay was added to whole barley grain rations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document