Manipulation of growth of the Amazonian fish tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae): analysis of physiological and zootechnical aspects

ABSTRACT Colossoma macropomum, known locally as tambaqui, is the native fish most farmed in Brazil, however, technological advances are needed to reach efficient production rates. Modulating growth factors, such as growth hormone, may be associated with improved growth rate and feed efficiency. The use of exogenous hormone for fish rearing is prohibited in Brazil, yet the experimental use of bovine hormone can be useful in research aimed at understanding how to stimulate endogenous growth hormones in fish. Therefore, the present study had the strict objective of understanding the effects of growth hormone on the physiology and zootechnical parameters of C. macropomum under experimental conditions. The animals were intraperitoneally injected every fifteen days with 1, 10 and 100 μg g-1 of bGH using 0.9% NaCl saline as diluent. The 10 and 100 μg g-1 bolus had a positive effect on the performance indexes of C. macropomum: weight gain (g), growing length (cm), daily weight gain (g), feed conversion and specific growth rate (% per day). The bGH promoted a greater increase in length than in mass, which caused a reduction in condition factor of the individuals receiving a bolus of 10 and 100 μg g-1. Furthermore, bGH caused no changes in glucose levels, cortisol, hematological parameters, plasma levels of Na+ and K+, and activity of gill’s H+-ATPase and Na+, K+-ATPase, at least during the experimental period considered in the present study.

Download Full-text

Phosphorus on performance, hematological, biochemical, and bone parameters of growing pigs

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20150132 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 1076-1081 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jana Euclydes Drews ◽

Douglas Haese ◽

João Luís Kill ◽

Lucas Lemke Lorenzoni ◽

Rafael Bozini Pimentel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Block Design ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Feed Conversion

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of available phosphorus (AP) in the diet of growing pigs selected for lean deposition on the hematological, biochemical, and bone performance parameters. A total of 64 commercial hybrid pigs (32 castrated males and 32 females; mean initial weight: 23.31±2.4kg; age: 55-90 days) were used. Animals were distributed into a randomized block design with four treatments, eight replicates, and two animals (one male and one female) per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet and another three diets, which were obtained by supplementing the basal diet with dicalcium phosphate replacing the inert phosphate, resulting in four diets with 0.100, 0.180, 0.260, and 0.340% of available phosphorus. The levels of available phosphorus quadratically influenced the daily weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion, which increased up to the estimated levels 0.331; 0.330, and 0.302% of available phosphorus. Levels of phosphorus showed no influence on the hematological parameters, which remained within the reference values. Levels of available phosphorus increased linearly the ash and phosphorus contents in the metacarpal bone and decreased linearly the alkaline phosphatase activity. Levels of available phosphorus (0.331 and 0.302%, corresponding to a daily intake of 5.73 and 5.18g d-1) provided respectively the best results for weight gain and feed conversion in pigs with high genetic potential, without change in hematological parameters.

Download Full-text

Artificial aeration promotes better zootechnical performance and physiological balance of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) cultivated in a system without continuous water flow (Amazon: Brazil)

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i1.11759 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. e32310111759

Author(s):

Marlos Oliveira Porto ◽

Jucilene Cavali ◽

Ivan Dias de Medeiros ◽

Maiza Oliveira Soares ◽

Jerônimo Vieira Dantas Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Water Flow ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Average Daily Weight Gain ◽

Colossoma Macropomum ◽

Artificial Aeration ◽

Continuous Use

The aimed of the study was to evaluate the effect of continuous artificial aeration on zootechnical performance, hematological characteristics and glucose concentration of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) cultivated in a system without water flow. The study was conducted with two treatments, with aeration and without artificial aeration. Were 600 tambaqui juveniles with an average initial weight of 15 ± 0.15g were distributed in two excavated tanks. Thirty fish were captured per cultivation unit to perform monthly biometric measurements and were subjected to blood collection to determine hematological parameters. There was no difference between hematological variables (p<0.05). However, the continuous use of artificial aeration provided fish with more comfortable conditions, resulting in greater performance (p<0.05) in up to 90 days of cultivation, with an average daily weight gain of 4.82 g compared to 4.49g to the system without artificial aeration. It can be inferred that fish grown in a system without artificial aeration presented, when compared to those raised in a system with continuous artificial aeration, smaller values (p<0.05) of growth, both in weight and in length, consequently the continuous use of the aerator provided favorable conditions for the fish, resulting in average daily weight gain and total biomass gain.

Download Full-text

Effect of aqueous extract of cocoyam leaf (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) on growth performance of broiler chickens fed full-fat Soya bean

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v46i1.2491 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 101-115

Author(s):

C. I. Ebenebe ◽

C. A. Mmadubugwu ◽

O. C. Ogbu

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Water Intake ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Soya Bean ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Conversion

This study evaluated the effect of aqueous extracts from cocoyam leaf on the growth performance of broiler chickens fed full-fat Soya bean. The study was carried out with seventy-two (72) day old broiler chickens in a completely randomized design. The seventytwo (72) broiler chicks were randomly assigned into four groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4), each treatment had (3) birds per replicate. The T1 which was the control, contained 0g of aqueous extract of cocoyam leaves while the birds in T2, T3 and T4 were offered aqueous extract of cocoyam leaves at 100g, 150g and 200g per 6 liters of water, respectively. The test ingredients were analyzed for nutritional and phytochemical composition. Data was collected from the broiler chickens' daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, body weight gain and daily weight gain. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) on the feed intake, daily weight gain, feed efficiency, feed conversion ratio, initial and final body weights of the broiler birds. However, total water and mean daily water intake differed significantly (P>0.05). The extract administered groups (T2, T3 and T4) had lower water intake as the quality of cocoyam leaves increased. The significant variations in the water intake as the quantity of cocoyam increased may be attributed to anti-nutrient factors (tannins) found in the leaves. The cocoyam leaves are rich in nutrients when assessed by the proximate and mineral composition. It can serve as a feedstuff for livestock. Cocoyam leaves extracts should be used with caution due to the anti-nutritional factors present in it. It is therefore safe to recommend 100-150g of cocoyam leaves/ 6litres of water for broiler chickens without any negative impact on growth rate of the broiler chickens.

Download Full-text

Tambatinga juveniles performance in a recirculation aquaculture system with different stocking densities

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i5.3317 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e178953317 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rebeca Maria Sousa ◽

Romério Rodrigues dos Santos Silva ◽

Anália Sousa dos Santos ◽

Camila Vieira da Silva ◽

João Avelar Magalhães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Specific Growth Rate ◽

Specific Growth ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Field Research ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Final Survival

In a quantitative field research, the objective of this work was to determine the best stocking density for tambatinga juveniles (Colossoma macropomum × Piaractus brachypomus) in a recirculation system during 50 days of cultivation. Tambatinga juveniles (0.72±0.02 g) were distributed in 0.08 m3 polyethylene boxes with densities of 5, 10 and 15 fish/box, with five replicates per treatment. During the experimental period, water quality, weight gain, apparent feed conversion, specific growth rate, carcass yield, proximate composition and final survival were evaluated. The water parameters remained stable and in the desired range for the species during the experimental period (temperature 25±1.52° C, pH 5.85±0.7 and dissolved oxygen 6.51±0.05 mg L-1). Statistical analyzes showed no significant difference for apparent feed conversion and survival rate. The lowest stocking density (5 fish/box) showed greater weight gain and specific growth rate, while the density of 10 fish/box showed high lipid deposition in the carcass. Aiming at greater weight gain and better specific growth rate, the results indicated that the density of 5 fish/box (0.08 m3), is the most suitable for juveniles of this species.

Download Full-text

The Effects of Feed Color on Broiler Performance between Day 1 and 21

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061511 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1511

Author(s):

Joseph P. Gulizia ◽

Kevin M. Downs

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Treatment Effects ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Broiler Performance ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

Two trials were conducted to determine feed color effects on broiler performance. A completely randomized design was used. Trial 1 included four treatments: control (complete broiler starter diet), red, green, and blue; and Trial 2 included four treatments: control, orange, yellow, and purple. Each trial had 4 treatments with 4 replicates (60 birds/treatment) fed to 240 male Cobb 500 broilers during a 21 d grow out. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure. In Trial 1, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, body weight gain, and feed consumption (p > 0.05). Adjusted feed conversion for control (1.23) was less than red (1.27; p = 0.001) and green (1.26; p = 0.009), with blue (1.25; p = 0.056) tending to be different during the experimental period. In Trial 2, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, feed consumption, and adjusted feed conversion during this study (p > 0.05). Body weight gain between d 1 to 14 for purple (490.78 g/bird) was more than orange (467 g/bird; p = 0.013) and yellow (461 g/bird; p= 0.004), with control (474 g/bird; p = 0.052) tending to be different. Results indicate that these feed colors had some, albeit limited, influence on broiler performance parameters.

Download Full-text

Cost-Effectiveness of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal as Substitute of Fishmeal in Diets for Layer Chicks and Growers

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13116074 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 6074

Author(s):

Esther Khayanga Sumbule ◽

Mary Kivali Ambula ◽

Isaac Maina Osuga ◽

Janice Ghemoh Changeh ◽

David Miano Mwangi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Live Weight ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Black Soldier Fly ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽

Fly Larvae ◽

The Impact

The acceptance of eco-friendly black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) as sustainable alternative protein ingredient in poultry feeds continues to gain momentum worldwide. This study evaluates the impact of BSFLM in layer chick and grower diets on the growth, carcass quality and economic returns. Mean weekly weight gain and total live weight per chick and grower varied significantly. The highest final weight gain was achieved when birds were provided diet with 25.6% BSFLM. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADG) and overall weight gain of the chick varied significantly, except for the feed conversion ratio (FCR). For grower birds, ADFI, ADG, FCR and overall weight gain did not vary significantly across the various feeding regimes. The weight of the wings and drumsticks had a quadratic response with a maximum weight obtained at 33% inclusion of BSFLM. The weight of the internal organs were not significantly affected by dietary types. Positive cost–benefit ratio and return on investment was recorded for diet types with higher BSFLM inclusion levels (>75%). Diets with 25% and 100% BSFLM inclusion were the most suitable and cost-effective, respectively. Thus, BSFLM represents a promising alternative source of protein that could be sustainably used in the poultry industries.

Download Full-text

Productive performance and parasitological control of kids supplemented with umbu fruits (Spondias tuberosa Arruda)

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402016000300017 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 520-528

Author(s):

Thiago Vinicius Costa NASCIMENTO ◽

Daniel Maia NOGUEIRA ◽

Nilton de Brito CAVALCANTE

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Arid Zone ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Buffel Grass ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid

Summary Native fruits from Caatinga vegetation can be an important alternative to improve the productive performance of kids in the semi-arid region of Brazil. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with Umbuzeiro fruits in natura over the weight gain and anthelmintic control of kids kept in Buffel grass pasture in the semi-arid zone of Pernambuco, Brazil. Twenty-four castrated, crossbreed kids were allocated into three treatments: 1) Control (n = 8) fed exclusively with Buffel grass; 2) Umbu 1x (n = 8) fed with fruits once a week and 3) Umbu 3x (n = 8) fed with fruits for three times a week. The following parameters were evaluated: variation of body weight, faecal egg counts (FEC) and coproculture. Overall, the average consumption of Umbu fruits in natura was 1.48 kg/animal/day, which corresponded to 133.5 g daily dry matter intake (DMI/animal/day). There were no significant difference (P>0.05) for any parameters evaluated. During the experimental period, the overall daily weight gain was variable between 108.75 to 116.70 g/animal/day and the average FEC was 436 eggs. In the present study, the goat kids supplemented with fresh umbu fruits showed a good productive performance, however the supplementation with umbu did not control the infestation of gastrointestinal nematodes in kids.

Download Full-text

Growth and hematology of pacu subjected to sustained swimming and fed different protein levels

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2013000600010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 645-650 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Cleujosí da Silva Nunes ◽

Gilberto Moraes ◽

Fernando Fabrizzi ◽

Araceli Hackbarth ◽

Gustavo Alberto Arbeláez-Rojas

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Specific Growth Rate ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Specific Growth ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sustained swimming and dietary protein levels on growth and hematological responses of juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A completely randomized design was used in a 3x2 factorial arrangement, with three levels of dietary protein (24, 28, and 32% crude protein), two rearing conditions (sustained swimming or motionless water), and 15 replicates. Fish were subjected to sustained swimming at the velocity of two body lengths per second (2 BL s-1), for 45 days. The level of dietary protein and the swimming conditions affected the performance, growth, and hematological profile of pacu. Swimming conditions influenced nutritional factors, increasing daily weight gain, specific growth rate, number of erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Fish under sustained swimming and fed with 24% crude protein showed better growth performance, with higher specific growth rate (4.11±0.88) and higher daily weight gain (2.19±0.47 g per day). Sustained swimming can increase the productive performance of pacu and simultaneously reduce dietary protein levels.

Download Full-text

Performance characteristics of African Cat fish (Clarias gariepinus) fed varying inclusion levels of silk worm pupae (Anaphe infracta)

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15787 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 76-80

Author(s):

CO Olaniyi ◽

GO Babasanmi

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Specific Growth Rate ◽

Specific Growth ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Complete Replacement ◽

Silk Worm

The use of Silkworm (Anaphe infracta) pupae as a protein source was investigated for its ability to replace fishmeal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus, African cat fish. Five dried diets formulated at 40% crude protein were fed to fingerlings of an average initial weight of 14.33g at 0 (control diet), 25, 50, 75 and 100% inclusion levels of silk worm meal. The experiment was conducted for 84 days were measured. Mean weight gain (MWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR). The five inclusion levels of silk worm pupae supported the growth of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings, the growth and feed utilization were favoured by high inclusion level of silk worm meal. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed among the treatments, although there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the growth parameters between 50% and 75% inclusion levels. The 100% silk worm pupae meal inclusion gave the best final mean weight gain of 10.29g specific growth rate of 0.93%, feed conversion ratio of 2.18 and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of 0.012. The carcass protein and lipid contents increased compared to the levels of both at the beginning of the experiment. Even though, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) among proximate composition of the fish groups fed 25, 50 and 75%. The results showed that diet consists of 100% silk worm meal could be used as a complete replacement for fish meal in the diet formulation for Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15787 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 76-80

Download Full-text

Effect of Dietary Additives on Rabbit Performance, Carcass Traits and Some Blood Constituents under Egyptation Summer Season

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n1p139 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

Sara Khalil Sherif

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Summer Season ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Blood Constituents

Sixty 7-week-old New Zealand White rabbits were randomly distributed into 5 equal experimental groups. The experimental rabbits were fed the tested diets till 14 weeks of age during summer season. The basal diet without feed additives (control; T1) and the other experimental diets were supplemented with enzymes at 0.5 g/kg (T2), organic acids at 1.0 g/kg (T3), Beta-pro at 0.2 g/kg (T4) or their combination (T5). The criteria of response were body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, some blood constituents, carcass traits and economic efficiency. The obtained results can be summarized as follows: Positive effects of feed additives were observed on live body weight, daily weight gain and feed conversion of growing rabbits. There were no significant effects on blood parameters or carcass traits due to feed additives. It can be concluded that dietary Beta-pro (enzymes+probiotics) or a combination of enzymes, organic acids and Beta-pro at the tested levels can be used to improve the rabbit performance, with no adverse effects on carcass characteristics or blood parameters.

Download Full-text