Effect of different protein based feed on the growth of mahseer

Abstract For the proper growth of fish, it is necessary to feed the fish with a proper and balanced diet. A study was conducted to find out the effect of different protein-based diets on fingerlings of Tor putitora (mahseer). A feed with dietary protein levels of 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50% were prepared. The effect of different protein-based feed on weight gain, standard growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), percent weight gain, food conversion efficiency (FCE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) was studied. An increase was observed in the growth rate with an increase in protein concentration up to 45%. The fingerlings fed a 45% protein diet shown the highest growth, followed by 50%, 40%, and 35%. The SGR value was greatest for 45% protein diet (8.56) followed by 50% and 40%, while the least values were observed for 35% protein feed (1.57). The same trend was observed for FCE. The highest PER values was observed in fishes fed 45% protein-based feed (0.65) followed by 50% (0.56), 40% (0.38) and35% (0.17). The food conversion ratio was lowest for 45% protein diet (3.41), while the greatest for 35% protein feed (16.85). It was concluded that a 45% protein-based diet was the best feed formulation for higher production of Tor putitora. However, research on the same percentage of protein diet is recommended for yearlings.

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Selection for components of efficient lean growth in Landrace pigs

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600025642 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 1994 ◽

pp. 10-10

Author(s):

M.K. Curran ◽

N.D. Cameron

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Selection Criteria ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Control Line ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Lean Growth ◽

Food Conversion Ratio ◽

Daily Food ◽

Selection For ◽

One Year

To study responses to divergent selection for lean growth rate (LGA), lean food conversion ratio (LFC) and daily food intake (DFI), an experiment was started in 1984 at Edinburgh and Wye. This paper measured the selection pressure applied, the responses in the selection criteria and estimated the genetic and phenotypic relationships between the selection criteria with ad-libitum feeding of Landrace pigs after four generations of selection.The LGA (LFC) selection objective was to obtain equal correlated responses in growth rate (food conversion ratio) and carcass lean content, measured in phenotypic s.d. The LGA, LFC and DFI selection criteria had phenotypic s.d. of 32, 29 and 270 units and results are presented in s.d. units.Boars and gilts were purchased from eight British nucleus herds and boars from national artificial insemination centres in 1982. Homozygous or heterozygous halothane positive pigs were not included in the experiment. The base population consisted of 20 sires and 89 dams. Within each of the three selection groups, there were high and low selection lines with a control line, each consisting of 10 boars and 20 gilts, with a generation interval of one year. There were two control lines, one for LGA and one for LFC and DFI, as selection groups were arrowed continuously. The total number of pigs tested per line and average inbreeding coefficient at generation 4, within selection group are given below.

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The effect of an anabolic steroid on the performance and carcass measurements of gilts and barrows in the finishing stages of growth

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100035303 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 293-301

Author(s):

I. H. Williams ◽

A. C. Dunkin

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Anabolic Steroid ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Live Weight ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

Food Conversion Ratio ◽

Different Levels

Summary1. An experiment involving 64 individually-penned pigs (32 females (gilts) and 32 castrated males (barrows)) was conducted over the live weight range 50 to 83 kg, to study the effects of a parenterally administered anabolic steroid upon the performance and carcass measurements of gilts and barrows given either a 15·0% or an 18·8% crude protein (CP) diet at two different levels.2. The steroid significantly improved both daily weight gain (+5·2%) and food conversion ratio (+4·8%) of gilts and barrows.3. There were no significant treatment interactions for either daily weight gain or food conversion ratio, but the data suggest that gilts responded to the hormone to a greater extent than barrows at the particular dose level of the steroid administered.4. The steroid significantly improved the carcass, as assessed by linear backfat measurements, of pigs given the higher CP diet but had no effect upon carcass measurements of pigs given the lower CP diet.

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Management strategies to maximize pigmeat output: effect of group size and split-marketing

Animal Science ◽

10.1079/asc41270171 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 171-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. K. O'Connell ◽

P. B. Lynch ◽

J. V. O'Doherty

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Food Intake ◽

Group Size ◽

Unit Area ◽

Live Weight ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Food Conversion Ratio ◽

2D And 3D

AbstractTwo experiments were completed with grower-finisher pigs to determine if pigmeat output, as measured by carcass gain per m2 per year, could be increased, by 1: increasing group size or 2: split-marketing pen groups. In experiment 1, 390 pigs (mean initial live weight 36·7 (s.d. 1·99) kg) were assigned to one of three treatments each with 10 replicates: 11, 13 or 15 pigs per single-sex group in pens measuring 11·04 m2. Space allowance was 1·00, 0·85 and 0·74 m2 per pig, respectively. Pelleted food was provided ad libitum. There were no differences (P > 0·05) between group sizes in growth rate, food intake, food conversion ratio, carcass growth and carcass food conversion ratio, backfat and muscle depth or carcass lean content. Pigmeat output per unit area increased with each increase in group size (234, 279 and 314 kg/m2 per year for 11, 13 and 15 pigs: P < 0·001). In experiment 2, 26 groups of 13 pigs (mean initial live weight 38·3 (s.d. 2·15) kg) were assigned to one of three treatments: 1D - group sold on 1 day (no. = 9), 2D - group sold over 2 days (14 days apart, no. = 10), or 3D - group sold over 3 days (each 7 days apart, no. = 7). Pigs were given a standard liquid diet three times daily. No differences (P > 0·05) were observed between treatments for overall growth rate, food intake, food conversion ratio, carcass weight, carcass lean content, backfat and muscle depth, carcass growth and carcass food conversion ratio or killing-out proportion of pigs. Split-marketing increased cycle length (67·7, 75·9 and 76·8 days for 1D, 2D and 3D, respectively; P < 0·001). Live and carcass daily growth rates per pig place decreased with increase in number of sale days (live: 772, 680, 670 g/day and carcass: 658, 575, 571 g/day; P < 0·001). Carcass gain per unit area decreased in split-marketed groups (358, 318, 312 kg/m2 per year for 1D, 2D and 3D, respectively: P < 0·05). Carcass weight variation (s.d.) within pen decreased with each increase in number of sale days (s. d. 5·28, 3·81 and 1·74, respectively; P < 0·001). In conclusion, pigmeat output, as measured by carcass gains per m2 per year, was improved with increase in group size and by marketing all pigs in a group on a single day.

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The performance of Hereford × Friesian offspring of bulls selected for lean growth rate and lean food conversion efficiency

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100020523 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. C. Bishop ◽

J. S. Broadbent ◽

R. M. Kay ◽

I. Rigby ◽

A. V. Fisher

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Food Intake ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Control Line ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Breeding Values ◽

Lean Growth ◽

Food Conversion Ratio

AbstractThe performance of Hereford × Friesian calves sired by Hereford bulls selected for either lean growth rate (LGR) or lean food conversion ratio (LFCR), or by unselected Hereford bulls, was evaluated on 327 calves on three farms over 2 years. Animals started test at 130 days of age on average and remained on test for approximately 300 days, whereupon all animals were slaughtered and carcass dissections were undertaken. Individual food intake was measured on tioo of the farms (189 animals), but only intake per pen of animals was measured on the third farm and individual food intake had to be estimated. LGR, LFCR and other traits describing performance were calculated from the growth, food intake and carcass composition data.If no breed or environment interactions exist it is expected that proportionately 0-5 of the genetic differences between selected and control line bulls would be transmitted to their offspring. For the LGR and LFCR line bulls these values were 0·38 and 0·44, respectively, however the LGR value had a much smaller confidence interval. Genetic correlations derived from regressing breeding values predicted from offspring performance on breeding values predicted from the bulk's own performance in the selection experiment were 0·62 (s.e. 0·28) and 0·96 (s.e. 0·28) for LGR and LFCR, respectively. Heritabilities were: live-weight gain on test, 0·27; daily gain, 0·48; food intake, 0·06; food conversion ratio, 0·46; predicted carcass lean content, 0·10; killing-out proportion, 0·10; LGR, 0·36 and LFCR, 0·48.

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Pengaruh pemberian beberapa jenis pakan pada pertumbuhan ikan kerapu Cantang Epinephelus sp di Karamba Jaring Apung di Teluk Talengen Kepulauan Sangihe

e-Journal BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN ◽

10.35800/bdp.4.3.2016.14740 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Liswara S.N. Tumadang ◽

Julius Sampekalo ◽

Sartje Lantu

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Food Type ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Research Results ◽

Fish Flesh ◽

Highest Weight ◽

Food Conversion Ratio ◽

Net Cage ◽

Net Cages

The research was conducted in floating net cage for at Talengen Island Sangihe to study the growth of grouper (46-70 g in average) fed various type of feed including fish flesh, pellet, cassava, sago) for six weeks, and to determine the food conversion ratio of each food type. The treatments consisted of A (fish flesh), B (fish flesh + cassava), C (fish flesh+sago), D (pellet). Fish was culture in 12 floating net cages measuring 1x1x1,5 m each, 10 fish/cage. Research results showed that the highest weight gain was achieved in fish in treatment C (87.6%), followed by treatment A (76.1%) , B (69.8%), and D (52.5%). Statistically, treatment C was significantly different compared to treatment A, B and D. The use of fish flesh combined with sago was able to improve growth of grouper Kata kunci : Kerapu Cantang, growth, food conversion ratio, floating net cage

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Determination of Suitable Water Salinity and Live Food in The Rearing of Eel (Anguilla bicolor) Fry

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.7.71-77 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

. Sutrisno

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Specific Growth Rate ◽

Specific Growth ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Live Food ◽

Water Salinity ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Food Conversion Ratio

This study was conducted to determine suitable water salinity and live food in the rearing of eel, Anguilla bicolor fry. Eel fry in weight of 0.15±0.008 g/tail were reared at controlled tank at density of 2 fish liter-1 for 42 days. Experiment was devided into two steps. In the first step of experiment, eel fry were reared at different water salinity, i.e., 0; 5; 10 and 15 ppt. Fish were fed on Tubifex at satiation. The best result from the first experiment was then used in the second step of study to examine proper live food for eel fry. Fish were fed on live food (Tubifex, Artemia, or Spirulina) at 10% body weight. Survival rate, specific growth rate and food conversion ratio were observed. The result of experiment showed that survival rate of eel fry reared in water salinity of 5 ppt (100%), 10 (96%) and 15 ppt (97%) was higher (p<0.05) compared to that of 0 ppt (58%). Specific growth rate was also higher (p<0.05) in fish reared in water salinity of 5 (2.33%), 10 (1.65%) and 15 ppt (1.57%) compared to that of 0 ppt (0.022%). Survival rate and specific growth rate of fish at treatment of 5, 10 and 15 ppt were insignificantly different (p>0.05). The best food conversion ratio was also being obtained at treatment of 5 ppt (3.36), followed repectively by 10 ppt (5.11), 15 ppt (5.70) and 0 ppt (21.11). No different survival rate of eel fry by feeding on different live food was obtained. Higher specific growth rate was achieved at feeding of Artemia (2.82% per day), followed respectively by Tubifex (1.85% per day) and Spirulina (0.15% per day). Food coversion ratio in each treatment was 4.42, 2.77 and 134.33, respectively. Keywords: eel, salinity, live food <h5>ABSTRAK</h5> Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui salinitas air dan jenis pakan alami yang tepat dalam pemeliharaan benih ikan sidat (Anguilla bicolor). Benih sidat dengan berat rata-rata 0,15±0,008 g/ekor dipelihara selama 42 hari pada wadah terkontrol dengan kepadatan 2 ekor/liter. Penelitian dibagi kedalam dua tahap. Pada tahap pertama benih sidat diperlihara pada media dengan salinitas 0; 5, 10 dan 15 ppt. Pakan alami berupa cacing sutera diberikan secara satiasi. Salinitas terbaik hasil penelitian tahap pertama digunakan pada penelitian tahap kedua untuk mengetahui jenis pakan alami (cacing sutera Tubifex, Artemia, atau Spirulina) yang cocok untuk benih sidat. Pakan diberikan sebanyak 10% bobot tubuh. Paramater yang diamati meliputi sintasan, laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan efisiensi pakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sintasan benih ikan sidat yang dipelihara pada salinitas 5 (100%), 10 (96%) dan 15 ppt (97%) lebih tinggi (p<0,05) daripada yang dipelihara pada salinitas 0 ppt (58%). Laju pertumbuhan spesifik juga lebih tinggi (p<0,05) pada benih yang dipelihara pada salinitas 5 (2,33%), 10 (1,65%) dan 15 ppt (1,57%) dibandingkan dengan salinitas 0 ppt (0,022%). Sintasan dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik antara perlakuan 5, 10 dan 15 ppt tidak berbeda nyata (p>0,05). Konversi pakan terbaik juga diperoleh pada perlakuan 5 ppt (3,36), diikuti berturut-turut 10 ppt (5,11), 15 ppt (5,70) dan 0 ppt (21,11). Pemberian pakan alami yang berbeda tidak berpengaruh terhadap sintasan benih sidat, tetapi berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan. Pemberian Artemia memberikan laju pertumbuhan spesifik tertinggi, yaitu 2,82%/hari, Tubifex (1,85%/hari) dan Spirulina (0,15%/hari). Konversi pakan tiap perlakuan berturut-turut adalah 4,42; 2,77 dan 134,33. Kata kunci: ikan sidat, salinitas, pakan alami

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Pertumbuhan ikan kuwe putih Caranx sexfasciatus di karamba jaring apung yang diberi pakan rucah dengan bahan tambahan yang berbeda

e-Journal BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN ◽

10.35800/bdp.1.3.2013.2745 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Grace F Mansauda ◽

Julius Sampekalo ◽

Cyska Lumenta

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Food Conversion Ratio ◽

Trash Fish ◽

Fish Weight ◽

Net Cage ◽

The Individual ◽

Net Cages

The use of trash fish ( Treatment A ), trash fish + cassava( Treatment B), pellets+ trash fish ( Treatment C ) and a mixture of trash fish + cassava + pellets ( Treatment D ) as feed had been conducted to evaluate its effect on growth of Caranx sexfasciatus. This research was carried out inTelengen Bay waters, Central Tabukan District, Sangihe Islands Regency. Fish with weighing 60,9 -62,9 g were distributed in 12 net cages measuring 3x1x1 m with the density of 5 fish each. Fish were fed three times a day for seven weeks. Fish weight was measured every week. At the end of experiment, the individual weight of fish ranged from 168,7 to 222,8 g in with the highest average weigth gain was achieved in treatment A namely 222.8 g (354.2%)), followed by treatment C 178.0 g (286.6 %) treatment D 170.08 g (280.5%), and treatment B as much as 168.7 g (274.3%). Statistical analysis displayed that weight gain of fish in treatment A was significantly different as compared to that of treatments B, C, and D. There was no significant differencesbetween treatment B, C, and D. Food conversion ratio of treatment A was significantly different compared to other treatments. Food conversion ratio of treatment A was 2.80, B 4.25, C 3.70, D 3.88. as conclusion, the use of trash fish without supplementaion with others ingradients resulted in the highest absolute and relatif growth of fish and the lowest food conversion ratio of 2.80 as compared to other treatments. Keywords: Caranx sexfasciatus, weight gain, food conversion ratio, floting net cage

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Efek Paparan Subletal Limbah Cair Industri Penyamakan Kulit terhadap Rasio Konversi Pakan dan Laju Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)

Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan ◽

10.29122/jtl.v22i2.4091 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 162-169

Author(s):

Taufiq Ihsan ◽

Tivany Edwin ◽

Vira Elza

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Specific Growth Rate ◽

Control Experiment ◽

Specific Growth ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Tannery Wastewater ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Food Conversion Ratio ◽

Significant Difference ◽

West Sumatra

ABSTRACT Wastewater from the tanning industry of UPTD XX has entered the waters of Batang Anai River, West Sumatra. This wastewater quality exceeds the established quality standards and can be harmful to tilapia as a river biota. This study aimed to analyze the effect of sublethal tannery wastewater on food conversion ratio (FCR) and the specific growth rate (SGR) of tilapia. This study was conducted in three conditions: zero wastewater exposure (control), 1.85%, and 3.69% wastewater exposure. Each situation was set in triplo and observed for 28 days. We analyzed the correlation between duration exposure to the FCR and SGR by using regression and correlation analysis. Results showed an increase in the FCR value during observation in both wastewater exposure variations of 1.85% and 3.69%, with FCR values consecutively 1.19 and 1.75. At the same time, the control experiment showed a decreasing value of FCR. On the contrary, SGR values were decreased during observation in both wastewater exposure variations of 1.85% and 3.69%, consecutively 3.09% and 3.72%. While increasing SGR value was observed in the control experiment. A reliable correlation was obtained between the FCR and SGR ratio of tilapia to the exposure duration (r = 0.99). Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed a significant difference between the FCR and SGR to the variation and period of direction. It can be concluded that the longer the exposure time and the higher the concentration of exposure, decreasing the food uptake of tilapia and reducing the specific growth rate. Keywords: tilapia, ratio growth rate, tannery wastewater, feed conversion, West Sumatra ABSTRAK Limbah cair dari industri penyamakan UPTD XX, Sumatera Barat telah memasuki perairan Sungai Batang Anai, Sumatra Barat. Kualitas air limbah ini melebihi standar kualitas yang ditetapkan dan dapat berbahaya bagi nila sebagai salah satu biota sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh air limbah penyamakan kulit terhadap Rasio Konversi Pakan (Food Conversion Ratio/FCR) dan Laju Pertumbuhan Spesifik (Specific Growth Rate/SGR) pada ikan nila. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam tiga variasi, yakni tanpa paparan air limbah (uji kontrol), paparan air limbah 1,85% dan 3,69%. Setiap variasi dilakukan secara triplo dan diamati selama 28 hari. Korelasi antara lama paparan dengan rasio FCR serta SGR, dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi dan analisis korelasi. Selanjutnya analisis multivariat menggunakan ANOVA two-way untuk melihat perbedaan signifikan FCR dan SGR terhadap variasi dan durasi paparan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan nilai FCR di kedua variasi paparan air limbah 1,85% dan 3,69% dengan nilai FCR berturut-turut 1,19 dan 1,75. FCR dalam uji kontrol menunjukkan penurunan nilai FCR. Sebaliknya, nilai SGR cenderung menurun selama pengamatan pada kedua variasi paparan air limbah 1,85% dan 3,69%, dengan nilai SGR berturut-turut 3,09% dan 3,72%, sementara peningkatan nilai SGR terjadi pada uji kontrol. korelasi yang sangat kuat diperoleh dari nilai FCR dan SGR terhadap durasi paparan (r = 0,99). Selanjutnya, uji signifikansi ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara rasio FCR dan SGR dengan variasi dan durasi paparan air limbah. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin lama waktu paparan dan semakin tinggi konsentrasi paparan air limbah, mengurangi serapan pakan ikan nila dan mengurangi tingkat pertumbuhan. Kata kunci: ikan nila, laju pertumbuhan, limbah cair penyamakan kulit, rasio konversi pakan, Sumatra Barat

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Selection for components of efficient lean growth in Large White pigs

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600025630 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 1994 ◽

pp. 9-9

Author(s):

N.D. Cameron

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Selection Criteria ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Correlated Responses ◽

Large White ◽

Lean Growth ◽

Food Conversion Ratio ◽

Daily Food ◽

Selection For

An experiment was started in 1984 at Edinburgh and Wye to study responses to divergent selection for lean growth rate (LGA), lean food conversion ratio (LFC) and daily food intake (DFI). This paper measured the selection pressure applied, the responses in the selection criteria and estimated the genetic and phenotypic relationships between the selection criteria with ad-libitum feeding of Large White pigs after four generations of selection.Selection objectives and criteria. The LGA (LFC) selection objective was to obtain equal correlated responses in growth rate (food conversion ratio) and carcass lean content, measured in phenotypic s.d. The LGA, LFC and DFI selection criteria had phenotypic s.d. of 27, 29 and 250 units and results are presented in s.d. units.

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Genetic relationships between growth and food intake in performance tested ram lambs

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600016743 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 1988 ◽

pp. 31-31

Author(s):

N.D. Cameron

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Food Intake ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Lean Growth ◽

Food Conversion Ratio ◽

Selection Indices ◽

Ram Lambs ◽

Terminal Sire

Efficient lean growth may, in future, be the main selection objective in terminal sire breeds of sheep. The genetic relationships between growth rate, food intake and food conversion ratio need to be quantified, so that calculation of selection indices for growth rate and carcass lean content can take account of correlated changes in food intake.

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