scholarly journals Distribution, abundance and seasonality of scale insects in sugarcane crops in the state of São Paulo

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Monteiro ◽  
A. L. B. G. Peronti ◽  
N. M. Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Phenological Cycle ◽  
Saccharicoccus Sacchari ◽  
Geographical Locations

Abstract In the state of São Paulo, the main sugarcane producing region of the world, two species of scale insects have frequently occurred, Aclerda takahashii (Kuwana, 1932) (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae) and Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell, 1895) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). To map the distribution and abundance of these species, 17 sugarcane producing fields, distributed in six mesoregions in São Paulo, were evaluated in August 2017 and, January, February, June and July 2018 during the ripening phase. The study on the seasonality of these species, by the presence or absence of the scale insects during the phenological cycle of the plant, was conducted between August 2017 and July 2018 in two sugarcane producing fields in the municipality of Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil. The presence of S. sacchari was found in all the analyzed locations, and A. takahashii in twelve. Both scale insects showed significant difference of infestation in the node’s region of the stems during the ripening phase in one of the studied locations. The aclerdid presented significant difference by infestation in one site during the ripening phase of the plant. The pseudococcid infested a greater number of nodes in the following phases of development; vegetative, grand growth and ripening in both studied areas, but it was in one site during the ripening phase that presented the greatest difference. Although the pink sugarcane mealybug was more abundant than A. takahashii in both studies, there were no patterns of relationships between the numbers of individuals to geographical locations and temperature.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of delaying vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 assuming unlimited vaccine supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
Dimas Tadeu Covas ◽  
Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho ◽  
Raymundo Soares Azevedo ◽  
Eduardo Massad
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background At the moment we have more than 177 million cases and 3.8 million deaths (as of June 2021) around the world and vaccination represents the only hope to control the pandemic. Imperfections in planning vaccine acquisition and difficulties in implementing distribution among the population, however, have hampered the control of the virus so far. Methods We propose a new mathematical model to estimate the impact of vaccination delay against the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the number of cases and deaths due to the disease in Brazil. We apply the model to Brazil as a whole and to the State of Sao Paulo, the most affected by COVID-19 in Brazil. We simulated the model for the populations of the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole, varying the scenarios related to vaccine efficacy and compliance from the populations. Results The model projects that, in the absence of vaccination, almost 170 thousand deaths and more than 350 thousand deaths will occur by the end of 2021 for Sao Paulo and Brazil, respectively. If in contrast, Sao Paulo and Brazil had enough vaccine supply and so started a vaccination campaign in January with the maximum vaccination rate, compliance and efficacy, they could have averted more than 112 thousand deaths and 127 thousand deaths, respectively. In addition, for each month of delay the number of deaths increases monotonically in a logarithmic fashion, for both the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole. Conclusions Our model shows that the current delay in the vaccination schedules that is observed in many countries has serious consequences in terms of mortality by the disease and should serve as an alert to health authorities to speed the process up such that the highest number of people to be immunized is reached in the shortest period of time.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Mesocyclops ogunnus Onabamiro, 1957 (Copepoda Cyclopoida) in water bodies of São Paulo State, identified as Mesocyclops kieferi Van de Velde, 1984

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (4a) ◽  
pp. 615-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. MATSUMURA-TUNDISI ◽  
W. M. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
The World ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Copepoda Cyclopoida

The aim of this work is clarify the identification of Mesocyclops ogunnus that occur in several reservoirs in the State of São Paulo and that was previously identified as Mesocyclops kieferi. These two species are closely related species with very similar characteristics. The differential characteristics are presented and the distribution of both species in the world is discussed.

scholarly journals Controlling bovine brucellosis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: results after ten years of a vaccination program

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Augusto Dias ◽  
Ana Paula Cunha Belchior ◽  
Rodrigo De Souza Ferreira ◽  
Rita Coelho Gonçalves ◽  
Ricardo Souza Costa Barão de Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Strain Vaccine ◽  
São Paulo State

A cross- sectional study was carried out, between May and November 2011, to estimate the situation of the bovine brucellosis in São Paulo State, 10 years after the commencement of the vaccination of the heifers with the S19 strain. The State was divided into seven regions and in each of them, 300 farms with reproductive activity were randomly chosen and considered as primary sample units. A fixed number of cows was randomly selected and tested for antibodies against Brucella spp. A farm was considered infected if at least one female tested positive. In the selected farms, an epidemiological questionnaire was administered which focused on herd traits as well as husbandry and sanitary practices that could be associated with the risk of infection. The prevalence (percentile, [95% confidence interval]) of infected herds was 10.2% [8.8-11.8] for the State, and for the regions, it varied from 7.3% [4.7-11.2] to 12.3% [8.8-16.8], not showing significant difference between different regions. The apparent prevalence of positive farms in the State and regions remained similar to the prevalence observed 10 years before. The prevalence of positive animals was 2.4% [1.8-3.1] in the State and varied from 1.1% [0.6-2] to 3.5% [1.7-7.1] in the regions, not showing significant difference between regions. Again, there was no difference in the prevalence of positive animals after 10 years of the vaccination program. The risk factors (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval) associated with bovine brucellosis in the State included number of cows ? 24 (3.08, 2.22-4.27) and the acquisition of breeding animals (1.33, 0.95-1.87). The São Paulo State should conduct systematic vaccination coverage of above 80% of the eligible heifers with the S19 strain vaccine annually. Moreover, the State should emphatically use RB51 strain vaccine in females above 8 months of age not vaccinated with S19 strain vaccine. An efficient animal health education program to orientate farmers to test replacement animals for brucellosis prior to introduction in their herds should also be implemented.

scholarly journals Study of underreporting of cases of meningitis during a Covid-19 pandemic in the state of São Paulo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
Matheus Gomes Diniz e Silva ◽  
Daniel Rocha Diniz Teles ◽  
Sabrina de Freitas Barros Soares ◽  
Antônio Fernando Soares Menezes Segundo
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Health System ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: In 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 pandemic, which brought an overload on the health system. This also impacted the care of other diseases such as meningitis. Meningitis is classified into infectious and non-infectious meningitis, and its prognosis changes with the etiology. Objective: To assess notifications of meningitis in São Paulo compared to the country before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An analytical epidemiological study was carried out, from the DATASUS platform, of meningitis notifications, from 2016 to September 2020 in the state of São Paulo in comparison to the country. Results: In 2020 there was a drop in meningitis notifications in São Paulo regarding the average of cases between 2016-2019, where 1,837 cases were reported in 2020, while the average of 2016-2019 was 6,800 notifications, a decrease of approximately 27%. What was also observed in the country, where in 2020, 4,718 cases were reported compared to the 2016- 2019 average of 16,603 cases, a drop of 28.4%. There was a slight increase in the mortality from meningitis in the state from 6% to 7%. Conclusions: Knowing that there was a significant drop in notifications of cases of meningitis in the state of São Paulo and in the country, we can suspect a correlation with the coronavirus pandemic. Therefore, there are some possibilities for this phenomenon: the population with meningitis, for fear of becoming infected, did not seek health services or the overload of health services to monitor patients with COVID-19 led to underreporting of meningitis cases.

scholarly journals Modelling the Impact of Delaying Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Assuming Unlimited Vaccines Supply

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Massad ◽  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
Dimas Tadeu Covas ◽  
Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho ◽  
Raymundo Soares Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundAt the moment we have more than 109 million cases and 2.4 million deaths around the world and vaccination represents the only hope to control the pandemic. Imperfections in planning vaccine acquisition and difficulties in implementing distribution among the population, however, have hampered the control of the virus so far.MethodsWe propose a new mathematical model to estimate the impact of vaccination delay against the 2019 coronavirus induces disease (COVID-19) on the number of cases and deaths by the disease in Brazil. We apply the model to Brazil as a whole and to the State of Sao Paulo, the most affected by COVID-19 in Brazil. We simulated the model for the populations of the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole, varying the scenarios related to vaccine efficacy and compliance from the populations.ResultsThe model projects that, in the absence of vaccination, almost 170 thousand deaths and more than 350 thousand deaths until the end of 2021 for Sao Paulo and Brazil, respectively. If in contrast, Sao Paulo and Brazil had enough vaccine supply and so started a vaccination campaign in January with the maximum vaccination rate, compliance and efficacy, they could have averted more than 112 thousand deaths and 127 thousand deaths, respectively. In addition, that for each month of delay the number of deaths increases monotonically in a logarithm fashion, for both the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole.ConclusionsOur model shows that the current delay in the vaccination schedules that is observed in many countries has serious consequences in terms of mortality by the disease and should serve as an alert to health authorities to speed the process up such that the highest number of people to be immunized is reached in the shortest period of time.

scholarly journals Women in Brazilian neurosurgery

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Henrique S. Ivamoto
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Online News ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Regional Council ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
The World

AbstractMedicine remained as a male profession during many centuries, but the proportion of women rose steadily during the second part of the 20th century in the world and in Brazil. In 2006 they became the majority (51.75%) of the new physicians licensed by the Regional Council of Medicine of the State of São Paulo. Nevertheless, the proportion of women in Neurosurgery and in directive posts in entities of the specialty in Brazil continue very low or absent. Data obtained from the Brazilian Society of Neurosurgery and the Brazilian Academy of Neurosurgery are very similar to those of the American counterparts, like the proportion of women among the associates, around 5%, and one single female chief of a service certified for training in each country. Authors from WINS, an American entity, reported several problems suffered by female neurosurgeons, including gender discrimination. Such occurrences, as reported in online news, should alert against discriminatory attitudes.

COMPARAÇÃO DO CONSUMO DE ÁGUA E ENERGIA ELÉTRICA E INDICADORES SOCIOECONÔMICOS EM CONJUNTOS HABITACIONAIS COM E SEM SISTEMA DE AQUECIMENTO SOLAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Marcelo Hiroshi Tutia ◽  
Paulo André de Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Roberto Padovani
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Socioeconomic Variables ◽  
Significant Difference

Atualmente fontes de energia renováveis são exploradas para o desenvolvimento da sociedade e se destacam por serem mais limpas e menos poluentes. Entre estas fontes de energia renováveis, a energia solar é usada em sistemas de aquecimento solar de água, que tem entre seus objetivos, o de proporcionar economia de energia elétrica, pois fornece água quente sem a necessidade de utilizar sistemas elétricos, como o chuveiro elétrico, o qual é um dos aparelhos que mais consome energia. Para proporcionar economia do consumo de energia elétrica, minimizar impactos ambientais, redirecionar investimentos em novas fontes geradoras de energia elétrica, o Governo do Estado de São Paulo, em conjunto com a Companhia de Desenvolvimento Habitacional e Urbano do Estado de São Paulo - CDHU, como política de habitação, instalaram, nas residências de interesse social o sistema de aquecimento solar de água. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi comparar o consumo de água e energia elétrica, e variáveis socieconômicas entre dois conjuntos habitacionais, sem e com o sistema de aquecimento solar, na cidade de Ourinhos-SP. Os resultados permitiram concluir que existe diferença significativa entre os conjuntos de variáveis de consumo e as socioeconômicas.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: T2 de Hotelling, consumo, socioeconômico, sistema de aquecimento solar, habitações de interesse social. WATER AND ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION COMPARISON AND SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS ON HOUSING SETS WITH AND WITHOUT SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM.ABSTRACT: Currently, renewable energy sources are used to the society development and stand out for being less polluting. Among the renewable energy sources, the solar energy is used in water heating systems, that has among its objectives, to provide savings of electricity heating water without the need for electrical systems such as the electric shower which is one of the appliances that consume more energy. To provide energy consumption economy, minimize environmental impacts, redirect investment in new sources of electricity, the Government of the State of Sao Paulo, together with the Development Company of Housing and Urban of the State of Sao Paulo - CDHU, installed theses systems in homes of social interest. The objective of this research was to compare the consumption of water and electricity, and socioeconomic variables between two housing projects with and without solar heating system in the city of Ourinhos-SP. The results showed a significant difference between consumption and socioeconomic variables.

scholarly journals Evolution and projection of knee arthroplasties from 2003 to 2030 in the state of São Paulo

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1001-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Teixeira de Carvalho ◽  
Tiago Lobão Lopes ◽  
Marcelo Itiro Takano ◽  
Juliana Hoss Silva Lima ◽  
Lucas Simões Arrebola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Knee

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Analyze data regarding total knee arthroplasty (TKA) carried out by the Public Health System (SUS) in the state of São Paulo from 2003 to 2010 and determine the projections expected for 2030. METHODS A cross-sectional study (observational). We analyzed 10,952 patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty (PTKA) and revision total knee arthroplasty (RTKA) in the state of São Paulo between 2003 and 2010. The collection of data based on ICD-10 and HAA (Hospital Admission Authorization) were provided by the Tabnet and Sigtap software (Management System for the Table of Procedures, Medications, and OPM by SUS). The following variables were analyzed: gender, number of PTKAs and RTKAs, and their projections. The information collected formed a database developed in Excel® for Windows, and the statistical analysis was performed by the Stata® 11 SE and Minitab 16 software. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the prevalence of TKA between genders (p<0.0001); most of the patients were females (7,891; 72%). The projection for 2030 when compared with the first year of the series, 2003, indicates a growth of 428% for PTKA and 1,380% for RTKA, with a greater increase percentage of RTKA in males than in females (1,558% and 1,318%, respectively). CONCLUSION The proportions of the RTKA projection are much greater than those of PTKA by 2030, with a greater percentage of increase of RTKA in males than in females.

scholarly journals Modelling the Impact of Delaying Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Assuming Unlimited Vaccines Supply

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
Dimas Tadeu Covas ◽  
Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho ◽  
Raymundo Soares Azevedo ◽  
Eduardo Massad
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundAt the moment we have more than 109 million cases and 2.4 million deaths around the world and vaccination represents the only hope to control the pandemic. Imperfections in planning vaccine acquisition and difficulties in implementing distribution among the population, however, have hampered the control of the virus so far.MethodsWe propose a new mathematical model to estimate the impact of vaccination delay against COVID-19 on the number of cases and deaths by the disease in Brazil. We apply the model to Brazil as a whole and to the State of Sao Paulo, the most affected by COVID-19 in Brazil. We simulated the model for the populations of the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole, varying the scenarios related to vaccine efficacy and compliance from the populations.ResultsThe model projects that, in the absence of vaccination, almost 170 thousand deaths and more than 350 thousand deaths until the end of 2021 for Sao Paulo and Brazil, respectively. If in contrast, Sao Paulo and Brazil had enough vaccine supply and so started a vaccination campaign in January with the maximum vaccination rate, compliance and efficacy, they could have averted more than 112 thousand deaths and 127 thousand deaths, respectively. In addition, that for each month of delay the number of deaths increases monotonically in a logarithm fashion, for both the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole.ConclusionsOur model shows that the current delay in the vaccination schedules that is observed in many countries has serious consequences in terms of mortality by the disease and should serve as an alert to health authorities to speed the process up such that the highest number of people to be immunized is reached in the shortest period of time.

The Daily Routine of Students in the Classroom

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Lilian Marques Silva
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Public School ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Technological Advances

The almost instantaneous access to information provided by technological advances has revolutionized the behavior of people and of the classrooms too. Teachers had to adapt themselves to new technologies to maintain students interested and attentive to the discipline being taught. In this work, the behavior of the students of the 6th grade of elementary school II during class was observed. The school chosen is a public school in the State of São Paulo (Brazil). The research was based on data collection. The students were observed by being filmed during six months. The results showed that the students were interested in the classes and committed to the activities. The place that the student chooses to sit in the classroom influences the behavior of the teacher, because the more distant the teacher, the less he participates in the class.

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