Performance of crossbred lactating cows at grazing in response to nitrogen supplementation and different levels of concentrate feed

ABSTRACT The performance of crossbred (1/2 Holstein x Zebu) cows supplemented on Brachiaria decumbens pasture during the wet-dry transition period was evaluated. Eight cows with 497±50kg, during third and fourth lactations and after the lactation peak were distributed in two 4 x 4 Latin squares. The treatments consisted of a factorial with two types of mineral supplements (nitrogenous and mineral salt) and two levels of concentrate (0.3 and 0.6% body weight (BW)/cow/day), based on corn and soybean meal (60:40), and supplied during the morning and afternoon milking. The experiment lasted 56 days, divided into four periods of 14 days, with seven days for adaptation and seven for data collection. No interaction (P> 0.05) was observed between the supplements and the concentrate levels. The nitrogenous salt and the highest concentrate level increased (P< 0.05) the intake of crude protein, and the highest concentrate level increased (P< 0.05) the intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates and the digestibility of crude protein. No effect (P> 0.05) of supplement and concentrate level was observed on the milk constituents and feed efficiency. Grazing crossbred after the lactation peak during the wet-dry transition period achieve the productive potential with 0.3% BW of concentrate per day and mineral salt.

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Nitrogen compounds balance and microbial protein synthesis in supplemented crossbred dairy cows in pasture

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v40i1.42556 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 42556

Author(s):

Gabriela Santistevan Gutierrez ◽

Rogério De Paula Lana ◽

Cesar Roberto Viana Teixeira ◽

Luciana Navajas Rennó ◽

Cristina Mattos Veloso

Keyword(s):

Transition Period ◽

Latin Squares ◽

Mineral Salt ◽

Nitrogen Excretion ◽

Nitrogen Compounds ◽

Brachiaria Decumbens ◽

Microbial Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Intake ◽

Microbial Efficiency ◽

Concentrate Level

The objective this work was to evaluate the supplementation of cows on Brachiaria decumbens pasture during the rainy-dry transition. Eight 1/2 Holstein/Zebu cows (497 ± 50 kg) were distributed in two 4 x 4 Latin squares, with 2 x 2 factorial treatments (100% mineral salt versus nitrogen salt containing 25:25:50% urea: corn: mineral salt, and 1.5 versus 3.0 kg d-1 concentrate per cow). The experiment lasted 56 days, divided into four periods of 14 days, the last seven days for data collection. No interaction effect (p > 0.05) was detected between the supplement and the different levels of concentrate for any of the evaluated variables. No effect (p > 0.05) of supplement or concentrate level was observed on urinary excretions of purine derivatives, microbial nitrogen compounds and microbial efficiency. Nitrogen salt increased (p < 0.05) nitrogen intake and increased urinary nitrogen excretion, leading to a reduced nitrogen balance, while the higher concentrate level increased (p < 0.05) nitrogen intake and the total amount of nitrogen excreted in milk. Therefore, it is recommended, for crossbred cows in the rainy-dry transition period, the supply of 1.5 kg d-1 concentrate during milking, using only mineral salt instead of nitrogen salt at will on pasture.

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Feeding behavior of dairy cows fed different levels of castor meal in the diet

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4supl1p2355 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽

pp. 2355

Author(s):

Dicastro Dias de Souza ◽

Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽

Alex Resende Schio ◽

Antonio Ferraz Porto Junior ◽

Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feeding Behavior ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Latin Squares ◽

Visual Observation ◽

Maximum Point ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Grazing System ◽

Castor Meal ◽

Different Levels ◽

Average Body

This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of castor meal in the diet of lactating cows in grazing system and its implications in feeding behavior. Eight Holstein x Zebu crossbred cows, with average milk production adjusted to 300 days in the previous lactation, between 5000 and 6000 kg and 100.33 ± 13.33 days of lactation and average body weight of 509.47 ± 61.90 kg, were distributed in two 4 x 4 Latin squares, with 4 levels of castor meal inclusion in the total diet, and using Brachiaria brizantha pasture as roughage. The experiment consisted of four experimental periods, lasting 21 days each. In each trial, the roughage and supplements were collected for evaluation of chemical composition. Animals were subjected to visual observation for evaluation of feeding behavior for 24 hours, from the 20th to the 21st day of each experimental period. The observations of the activities were recorded every five minutes. We determined the number of ruminating chews and the time spent in rumination of each ruminal bolus with the use of digital stopwatch. There was a quadratic effect for the grazing time with maximum point of inclusion of castor meal at 4.61% in the diet; other variables did not differ: rumination, idleness, trough, rumination efficiency, feeding and grazing time, rumination and idleness. Castor meal can be included in the diet with levels up to 10%, for little changes in the feeding behavior of animals.

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Performance and nutritional parameters of lactating cows on pasture receiving castor bean meal

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4supl1p2619 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽

pp. 2619

Author(s):

Dicastro Dias de Souza ◽

Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽

Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽

Antonio Ferraz Porto Junior ◽

Leidiane Reis Pimentel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Protein Production ◽

Latin Squares ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Fecal Output ◽

Total Diet ◽

Bean Meal ◽

Different Levels

This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of castor bean meal in the diet for lactating cows on Bracharia brizhanta pasture and its implications for nutritional and productive parameters. Eight crossbred cows were distributed in two 4 x 4 Latin squares, with four (0%; 3.33%; 6.66% and 10%) inclusion levels of castor bean meal in the total diet. The experiment consisted of four experimental periods of 21 days each. The digestibility and dry matter intake were estimated from fecal output, checked with the aid of external (chromium oxide) and internal (iNDF) indicators. Urine and milk were collected to determine the nitrogen balance and microbial protein production. The inclusion of different levels of castor bean meal in the diet for lactating cows did not affect the intake of dry matter and nutrients, and the same lack of effect was found for the digestibility of dry matter and total digestible nutrients, variation in body weight, milk production, chemical composition of milk, microbial production and nitrogen balance. The inclusion of up to 10% castor bean meal in the total diet did not influence productive parameters evaluated, and the use was conditioned to the price of castor bean meal.

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THE EFFECTS OF TOWER AND MIDAS RAPESEED MEALS ON MILK PRODUCTION AND CONCENTRATIONS OF GOITROGENS AND IODIDE IN MILK

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas81-018 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 131-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

B. LAARVELD ◽

D. A. CHRISTENSEN ◽

R. P. BROCKMAN

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Protein Level ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Latin Squares ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Total Diet ◽

Digestible Crude Protein

Low glucosinolate Tower rapeseed meal (RSM), high glucosinolate Midas RSM and soybean meal (SBM) were compared in two separate 4 × 4 Latin squares with experimental periods of 35 days. Tower or Midas RSM was fed to lactating cows at 0, 5.7, 13.2 and 18.9% of the total diet (air-dry basis) and SBM was added to bring the protein level in the supplement for all diets to 18.9%. Replacement of SBM with Tower RSM resulted in a decrease (P < 0.01) in apparent digestibilities of crude protein and energy. Crude fiber and ether-extract digestibilities were not different. Daily digestible crude protein available decreased (P < 0.01) with higher levels of Tower RSM in the diet. Concentrations of thiocyanate in milk increased (P < 0.05) at all dietary levels of Tower and Midas RSM. RSM decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of iodide in milk, with little effect due to Tower or Midas RSM or to level of RSM supplementation on the degree of milk iodide depression.

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Performance and nutritional parameters of lactating cows on pasture receiving castor bean meal

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4suplp2619 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽

pp. 2619

Author(s):

Dicastro Dias de Souza ◽

Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽

Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽

Antonio Ferraz Porto Junior ◽

Leidiane Reis Pimentel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Protein Production ◽

Latin Squares ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Fecal Output ◽

Total Diet ◽

Bean Meal ◽

Different Levels

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Levels of mineral mixture and urea in supplementation of crossbred heifers, with Gyr predominance, reared at pasture during the dry season

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010001000025 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (10) ◽

pp. 2273-2280 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bruno Pietsch Cunha Mendonça ◽

Rogério de Paula Lana ◽

Antonio Bento Mancio ◽

Edenio Detmann ◽

Analívia Martins Barbosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Control Diet ◽

Dry Season ◽

Mineral Salt ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Brachiaria Decumbens ◽

Mineral Mixture ◽

Pasture Area ◽

Supplement Intake ◽

Intake Ratio

It was evaluated several levels of mineral mixture and urea for crossbred heifers, with Gyr predominance, in the dry season period in Zona da Mata region in Minas Gerais. The experiment was carried out in a Brachiaria decumbens pasture area, divided in five paddocks of 3.5 hectares. It was used 35 heifers distributed in a 2 õ 2 + 1 factorial scheme, composed of two levels of urea (10 and 25%), two levels of mineral salt (10 and 25%) and a control diet (only mineral salt), totaling five diets, each one evaluated with seven replicates. The supplements were based on ground corn, urea, ammonia sulfate and mineral mixture with 32 to 72% crude protein, and they composed the following diets: MM ( mineral mix), 10:10 (10% mineral mix, 10% urea and 80% corn); 10:25 (10% mineral mix, 25% urea and 65% corn); 25:10 (25% mineral mix, 10% urea and 65% corn), and 25:25 (25% mineral mix, 25% urea and 50% corn). Urea and mineral salt are effective in controlling supplement intake by bovines growing on pastures during dry season because the higher their levels, the lower the intake of supplements. Diets with 25% urea and 10% mineral salt provided higher daily weight gain and higher weight gain:supplemment intake ratio.

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Feeding behavior of dairy cows on pasture fed detoxicated castor meal in the diet

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n6p4255 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 4255

Author(s):

Antonio Ferraz Porto Junior ◽

Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽

Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽

Alex Schio Resende ◽

Dicastro Dias de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feeding Behavior ◽

Latin Squares ◽

Concentrate Supplementation ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Average Production ◽

Total Diet ◽

Urochloa Decumbens ◽

Castor Meal ◽

Different Levels ◽

Average Body

This study evaluated the feeding behavior of lactating cows on pasture of Brachiaria (Urochloa) decumbens fed with concentrate supplementation containing different levels of castor meal inclusion treated with calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) 2, in the proportions of 0; 3.3; 6.6 to 10% of the total diet. Eight cows (degree of blood ½ to ¾ Holstein x Zebu), with previous average production of 3000-4000 kg adjusted to 300 days of lactation and average body weight of 465.16 kg ± 65.45 kg were distributed in two 4 x 4 Latin squares. The behavior was assessed every five minutes for 24 hours on the 21st day of each period. The results were tested by analysis of variance and regression at p < 0.05 probability. The time spent in grazing, rumination, idle and in the trough; total chewing time, number of cuds per day, chewing per day; chewing per cud; the number of periods of grazing, rumination, idle and in the trough; time spent by period of grazing, rumination, idle and in the trough were not different between treatments. The feed efficiency (g DM h-1; g NDFa h-1 and g TDN h-1) and time spent per cud ruminated TSR sec cud-1) were linearly reduced. It is recommended to include up to 10% castor meal treated with Ca (OH)2 in the total diet.

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PSII-9 Drylot weaned calves at dry-to-rainy transition and rainy season and their effects on the growing phase

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.705 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 401-402

Author(s):

Felipe A Nascimento ◽

Laura F Prados ◽

Luciana M Sousa ◽

Ivanna M Oliveira ◽

Flávio D Resende ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Transition Period ◽

Block Design ◽

Mineral Salt ◽

Energy Supplement ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Nutritional Strategy ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Energy Supplementation

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the best nutritional strategy for weaned calves at dry-to-rainy transition and rainy season and their effects on the growing phase. One hundred sixteen Nellore weaned males (initial BW of 173±23 kg; 10 months) were used in a randomized complete block design (blocked by BW) in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments (divided in 12 lots with 9 or 10 animals/lot). Factor 1 was the strategy in the dry-to-rainy season transition (period I; pasture vs. drylot) and factor 2 was the strategy for the rainy season [period II; mineral salt ad libitum (MS) vs. supplement 3 g/kg BW]; consisting of four treatments: pasture in period I and MS in period II; pasture in period I and protein-energy supplement in period II (PEII); drylot in period I and mineral salt in period II; drylot in period I and PEII. At period I, all animals received a protein-energy supplementation (5 g/kg BW). The experiment lasted 244 days. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS. In period I, animals from drylot had highest final BW and ADG (P < 0.01; Table 1). There was no interaction among factors (P ≥ 0.772) in period II. In period II, ADG and carcass gain were highest from pasture animals (P < 0.01). Final BW and HCW were similar (P >0.788) at the end of period II, showing that animals recovery BW. Among strategies at rainy season, animals fed PEII had greater final BW and ADG (P < 0.01). Overall growing phase, HCW and carcass gain were greater for animals fed PEII (P < 0.01). Regardless of the strategy used in the dry-to-rainy season transition, animals were able to equalize final BW at the end of growing phase. In addition, protein-energy supplement at rainy season improves animal performance at the end of growing phase.

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