scholarly journals Feeding behavior of dairy cows fed different levels of castor meal in the diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2355
Author(s):  
Dicastro Dias de Souza ◽  
Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Alex Resende Schio ◽  
Antonio Ferraz Porto Junior ◽  
Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Castor Meal ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Average Body

This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of castor meal in the diet of lactating cows in grazing system and its implications in feeding behavior. Eight Holstein x Zebu crossbred cows, with average milk production adjusted to 300 days in the previous lactation, between 5000 and 6000 kg and 100.33 ± 13.33 days of lactation and average body weight of 509.47 ± 61.90 kg, were distributed in two 4 x 4 Latin squares, with 4 levels of castor meal inclusion in the total diet, and using Brachiaria brizantha pasture as roughage. The experiment consisted of four experimental periods, lasting 21 days each. In each trial, the roughage and supplements were collected for evaluation of chemical composition. Animals were subjected to visual observation for evaluation of feeding behavior for 24 hours, from the 20th to the 21st day of each experimental period. The observations of the activities were recorded every five minutes. We determined the number of ruminating chews and the time spent in rumination of each ruminal bolus with the use of digital stopwatch. There was a quadratic effect for the grazing time with maximum point of inclusion of castor meal at 4.61% in the diet; other variables did not differ: rumination, idleness, trough, rumination efficiency, feeding and grazing time, rumination and idleness. Castor meal can be included in the diet with levels up to 10%, for little changes in the feeding behavior of animals.

scholarly journals Feeding behavior of dairy cows on pasture fed detoxicated castor meal in the diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 4255
Author(s):  
Antonio Ferraz Porto Junior ◽  
Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Alex Schio Resende ◽  
Dicastro Dias de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Castor Meal ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Average Body

This study evaluated the feeding behavior of lactating cows on pasture of Brachiaria (Urochloa) decumbens fed with concentrate supplementation containing different levels of castor meal inclusion treated with calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) 2, in the proportions of 0; 3.3; 6.6 to 10% of the total diet. Eight cows (degree of blood ½ to ¾ Holstein x Zebu), with previous average production of 3000-4000 kg adjusted to 300 days of lactation and average body weight of 465.16 kg ± 65.45 kg were distributed in two 4 x 4 Latin squares. The behavior was assessed every five minutes for 24 hours on the 21st day of each period. The results were tested by analysis of variance and regression at p < 0.05 probability. The time spent in grazing, rumination, idle and in the trough; total chewing time, number of cuds per day, chewing per day; chewing per cud; the number of periods of grazing, rumination, idle and in the trough; time spent by period of grazing, rumination, idle and in the trough were not different between treatments. The feed efficiency (g DM h-1; g NDFa h-1 and g TDN h-1) and time spent per cud ruminated TSR sec cud-1) were linearly reduced. It is recommended to include up to 10% castor meal treated with Ca (OH)2 in the total diet.

scholarly journals Feeding behavior of F1 Holstein x Zebu lactating cows fed increasing levels of banana peel

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel ◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
Marco Túlio Parrela de Melo ◽  
Joyce Cipriana Pacheco Ramos ◽  
Lucas Gabriel Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Sorghum Silage

This study evaluated the feeding behavior of F1 Holstein x Zebu cows fed increasing levels of banana peel. Diets contained 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% replacement of sorghum silage with banana peel. The experimental design was two 5x5 Latin squares. Cows were subjected to visual observation after adaptation of each trial period. The times spent in feeding (4.13 to 5.58 hours day-1) and in idle (10 to 12.53 hours day-1) presented quadratic effect. The time spent ruminating, number and duration of rumination periods, chews per cud, and numbers of cuds per day were not affected by treatments. The total chewing time showed a quadratic effect, with peak at 18.58% replacement. The banana peel levels did not affect consumption, rumination and chewing neutral detergent fiber. Intake, rumination and chewing of dry matter showed a decreasing linear effect. The replacement of sorghum silage with banana peel up to 60% in the diet for lactating cows reduces the time spent in feeding and improves feeding and rumination efficiencies of dry matter, keeping the milk production of cows. 

scholarly journals Feeding behavior of dairy cows fed different levels of xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei)

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Nogueira Furtado ◽  
Maria Socorro de Souza Carneiro ◽  
Elzânia Sales Pereira ◽  
Emilson Costa Moreira Filho ◽  
Eranildo Brasil da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
The Times ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Average Body

This study evaluated the replacement of Tifton hay with xiquexique (0, 12, 24 and 36%) on feeding behavior of lactating dairy cows. To this end, eight cows with average milk production of 15 kg milk day-1 and average body weight of 465.2 ± 39.4 kg were distributed in a double 4x4 Latin square. Each experimental period lasted 16 days, ten for adaptation and six for data collection. The record of behavioral variables was made every five min. for 24 hours. The times spent in feeding, ruminating and total chewing, expressed in hours day-1, as well as feeding (FE) and rumination (RE) efficiencies, expressed in g NDF h-1, the number of cuds and cud chews per day showed a linear decrease according to the levels of xiquexique in the diet. There was a linear increase in time in idleness. Xiquexique levels in the diet for dairy cows did not influence FE and RE, expressed in g DM h-1, number and time spent in chewing per cud. The replacement of Tifton hay with xiquexique in the diet alters the feeding behavior of dairy cows due to the reduction in fiber content. 

scholarly journals Feeding behavior of lambs fed castor mealom farelo de mamona

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellenn Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
Rasmo Garcia ◽  
Vitor Visintin Silva de Almeida ◽  
Aline Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
Aureliano José Vieira Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Castor Meal

The experiment aimed to evaluate the feeding behavior of Santa Inês lambs fed diets containing different levels of detoxified castor meal in the concentrate. Twenty-four sheep with an average body weight of 18.5± 2.26 kg, at four months of age, were distributed in a randomized complete design with four treatment and six replications. Treatments consisted of four levels of castor meal (0, 33, 67, and 100%) replacing soybean meal. Animals underwent a 15-day adaptation period and an experimental period of 84 days. The diet was composed of 60% sugarcane silage and 40% concentrate, on a dry matter basis. Animal behavior (idle, rumination, and feeding activities) were observed visually for two 24-h periods with 5-min intervals, and recorded. The number of rumination chews and the time taken to ruminate each cud per day were counted using a digital stopwatch. Dry matter (DM) intake was not affected by inclusion of castor meal in the concentrate, averaging 884.02 g day?1. The feeding activity was not affected by addition of castor meal. Rumination time increased linearly, whereas the idle and rumination times decreased linearly with addition of castor meal. Feeding time, expressed in min per kg of DM and NDF, was not influenced by the inclusion of the meal in the diet, averaging 373.3 and 880.0 min, respectively. The number of chews and the time taken to ruminate each cud were not changed by inclusion of castor meal in the diet. Feed efficiency, expressed in grams DM and NDF per hour, was not influenced by castor meal inclusion in the diet. Rumination efficiency expressed in g DM h?1 decreased, but was not affected when expressed in g NDF h?1. Total replacement of soybean meal by castor meal in the concentrate does not affect the feeding time or feed efficiency of feedlot sheep, but leads to a small reduction of their rumination efficiency. Thus, we recommend the inclusion of castor meal in sheep diets at the levels tested in this study.

THE EFFECT OF SODIUM BICARBONATE, SODIUM BICARBONATE PLUS MAGNESIUM OXIDE OR BENTONITE ON THE INTAKE OF CORN SILAGE BY LACTATING COWS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
V. G. MacKAY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Rumen Ph

Four trials, each employing 10 cows were designed as 2 × 2 latin squares, with each experimental period consisting of a 1-wk preliminary period and a 4-wk period for data collection. The objective of the experiments was to determine the effectiveness of either sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), NaHCO3 plus magnesium oxide (MgO) or bentonite as buffers when they were mixed with corn silage just prior to feeding. The treatments compared were: Trial I, control vs. NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1); Trial II, control vs. bentonite (300 g·cow−1·day−1); Trial III, control vs. NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1) plus magnesium oxide (MgO, 60 g·cow−1·day−1) and Trial IV, NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1) vs. bentonite (300 g·cow−1·day−1). Silage dry matter intakes (SDMI) were 10.61 vs. 10.93 and milk yields were 26.6 vs. 29.3 kg/day for control vs. NaHCO3 in Trial I; 10.03 vs. 10.39, and 29.5 vs. 30.1 for control vs. bentonite in trial II; 10.62 vs. 10.69, and 23.6 vs. 24.7 for control vs. NaHCO3 + MgO in Trial III and 11.49 vs. 10.79, and 29.4 vs. 29.5 for NaHCO3 vs. bentonite in Trial IV. In the latter trial cows fed silage supplemented with bentonite had significantly lower milk fat and protein percentages and rumen pH compared to those supplemented with NaHCO3. Similarly in Trial II cows fed bentonite had lower rumen pH and milk protein percentage than the control cows. It was concluded the bentonite did not act as a buffer and was not beneficial when added to corn silage just prior to feeding. NaHCO3 improved milk yield in one trial and milk fat percentage but the degree of response did not warrant its routine use as a supplement to corn silage. Key words: NaHCO3, MgO, bentonite, corn silage, lactating cows, buffers

scholarly journals Performance and nutritional parameters of lactating cows on pasture receiving castor bean meal

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2619
Author(s):  
Dicastro Dias de Souza ◽  
Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Antonio Ferraz Porto Junior ◽  
Leidiane Reis Pimentel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fecal Output ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Different Levels

This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of castor bean meal in the diet for lactating cows on Bracharia brizhanta pasture and its implications for nutritional and productive parameters. Eight crossbred cows were distributed in two 4 x 4 Latin squares, with four (0%; 3.33%; 6.66% and 10%) inclusion levels of castor bean meal in the total diet. The experiment consisted of four experimental periods of 21 days each. The digestibility and dry matter intake were estimated from fecal output, checked with the aid of external (chromium oxide) and internal (iNDF) indicators. Urine and milk were collected to determine the nitrogen balance and microbial protein production. The inclusion of different levels of castor bean meal in the diet for lactating cows did not affect the intake of dry matter and nutrients, and the same lack of effect was found for the digestibility of dry matter and total digestible nutrients, variation in body weight, milk production, chemical composition of milk, microbial production and nitrogen balance. The inclusion of up to 10% castor bean meal in the total diet did not influence productive parameters evaluated, and the use was conditioned to the price of castor bean meal.

scholarly journals Performance and nutritional parameters of lactating cows on pasture receiving castor bean meal

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2619
Author(s):  
Dicastro Dias de Souza ◽  
Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Antonio Ferraz Porto Junior ◽  
Leidiane Reis Pimentel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fecal Output ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Different Levels

This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of castor bean meal in the diet for lactating cows on Bracharia brizhanta pasture and its implications for nutritional and productive parameters. Eight crossbred cows were distributed in two 4 x 4 Latin squares, with four (0%; 3.33%; 6.66% and 10%) inclusion levels of castor bean meal in the total diet. The experiment consisted of four experimental periods of 21 days each. The digestibility and dry matter intake were estimated from fecal output, checked with the aid of external (chromium oxide) and internal (iNDF) indicators. Urine and milk were collected to determine the nitrogen balance and microbial protein production. The inclusion of different levels of castor bean meal in the diet for lactating cows did not affect the intake of dry matter and nutrients, and the same lack of effect was found for the digestibility of dry matter and total digestible nutrients, variation in body weight, milk production, chemical composition of milk, microbial production and nitrogen balance. The inclusion of up to 10% castor bean meal in the total diet did not influence productive parameters evaluated, and the use was conditioned to the price of castor bean meal.

scholarly journals Performance of crossbred lactating cows at grazing in response to nitrogen supplementation and different levels of concentrate feed

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1005-1014
Author(s):  
G.S. Gutierrez ◽  
R.P. Lana ◽  
C.R.V. Teixeira ◽  
C.M. Veloso ◽  
L.N. Rennó
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Concentrate Level ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT The performance of crossbred (1/2 Holstein x Zebu) cows supplemented on Brachiaria decumbens pasture during the wet-dry transition period was evaluated. Eight cows with 497±50kg, during third and fourth lactations and after the lactation peak were distributed in two 4 x 4 Latin squares. The treatments consisted of a factorial with two types of mineral supplements (nitrogenous and mineral salt) and two levels of concentrate (0.3 and 0.6% body weight (BW)/cow/day), based on corn and soybean meal (60:40), and supplied during the morning and afternoon milking. The experiment lasted 56 days, divided into four periods of 14 days, with seven days for adaptation and seven for data collection. No interaction (P> 0.05) was observed between the supplements and the concentrate levels. The nitrogenous salt and the highest concentrate level increased (P< 0.05) the intake of crude protein, and the highest concentrate level increased (P< 0.05) the intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates and the digestibility of crude protein. No effect (P> 0.05) of supplement and concentrate level was observed on the milk constituents and feed efficiency. Grazing crossbred after the lactation peak during the wet-dry transition period achieve the productive potential with 0.3% BW of concentrate per day and mineral salt.

THE EFFECT OF (Morinda citrifolia L.) MEAL IN DIET ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Yosi Fenita
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

The objective of the research was to evaluate to effect of feeding mengkudu on performances of broilers. The research design used was completely randomized design. One hundred broilers were distributed into five treatments. The treatments were different levels of mengkudu meal (0, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25 % and 3%). The observed measured were feed consumption, average body weight (gain) and feed conversion. Results showed that feeding mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L.)  no effect significant (P>0.05) on feed consumption, average body weight and feed conversion.  In conclusion, feeding mengkudu meal up to 3% (in diet) does not negatively affect feed consumption, average body weight, and feed conversion.

scholarly journals The Effects of Feed Color on Broiler Performance between Day 1 and 21

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1511
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Gulizia ◽  
Kevin M. Downs
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

Two trials were conducted to determine feed color effects on broiler performance. A completely randomized design was used. Trial 1 included four treatments: control (complete broiler starter diet), red, green, and blue; and Trial 2 included four treatments: control, orange, yellow, and purple. Each trial had 4 treatments with 4 replicates (60 birds/treatment) fed to 240 male Cobb 500 broilers during a 21 d grow out. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure. In Trial 1, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, body weight gain, and feed consumption (p > 0.05). Adjusted feed conversion for control (1.23) was less than red (1.27; p = 0.001) and green (1.26; p = 0.009), with blue (1.25; p = 0.056) tending to be different during the experimental period. In Trial 2, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, feed consumption, and adjusted feed conversion during this study (p > 0.05). Body weight gain between d 1 to 14 for purple (490.78 g/bird) was more than orange (467 g/bird; p = 0.013) and yellow (461 g/bird; p= 0.004), with control (474 g/bird; p = 0.052) tending to be different. Results indicate that these feed colors had some, albeit limited, influence on broiler performance parameters.

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