scholarly journals Metabolic stress and reproductive features in post-partum goats supplemented for a long period with detoxified castor meal as the source of dietary nitrogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
L.M. Silva ◽  
C.H.A. Oliveira ◽  
A.M. Silva ◽  
A.R. Montenegro ◽  
C.C.L. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Cyclic Activity ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Castor Meal

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effect of detoxified castor meal on the reproductive performance, metabolic stress, milk production, and kid development in peripartum goats. The diet of the animals were with (DCM, n= 20) or without (WDCM, n= 21) detoxified castor meal during the entire gestation and until weaning, 60 days post-birth. No differences were observed in the gestation period, litter size, rate of multiple births, and mortality between the two groups. The postpartum plasma concentrations of progesterone remained below 1ng/mL in all animals, thus, confirming the absence of active corpora lutea. The thickness of sternum adipose tissue and loin area, levels of urea and cholesterol, milk production, and daily weight gain in the kids were low in the DCM group when compared to those in the WDCM group (P< 0.05). To conclude, the use of detoxified castor meal in peripartum goats resulted in lower level of performance in the kids because of reductions in the amount of milk received from their mothers during lactation. In addition, the diet containing detoxified castor meals was not efficient in recovering from the loss of stored body reserves able to initiate the recovery of the cyclic activity of the goats.

Physiological Adaptations to Milk Production that Affect the Fertility of High Yielding Dairy Cows

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 37-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Taylor ◽  
D. E. Beever ◽  
D. C. Wathes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Igf I

SummaryThe high yielding dairy cow is expected to produce a substantial milk output every year and at the same time to conceive and maintain a pregnancy to term. To fulfil lifetime production potential a balance between yield, fertility and other influential factors has to be achieved. Any inability on the part of the management system to identify and rectify problems or on the part of the cow to cope with metabolic demands invariably results in economic or welfare issues. Our studies of high yielding dairy cows have revealed that some animals are capable of normal reproductive function whilst others are classic repeat breeders (requiring 3+ services per conception) or simply fail to rebreed. It is well established that the somatotrophic axis (growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors) drives lactation in ruminants but it is also intimately involved in reproductive processes. An awareness of metabolic adaptations to lactation that impact on reproduction in dairy cows is needed for appropriate management.The objective of our studies was to explore the metabolic profiles of high yielding dairy cows to identify factors influencing their ovarian function and fertility, hence to characterise the physiological adaptations involved. Our studies revealed different relationships between progesterone profile categories and metabolic status post partum. Delayed ovulation (DOV) or persistent corpora lutea (PCL) may be an appropriate response to a nutritional state or physiological situation and it may therefore be inaccurate to refer to these as ‘abnormal’. Whilst associated with high milk yields, not all profile categories detrimentally affected fertility parameters. Delayed ovulation postcalving (DOV1) was identified as the most prevalent abnormal profile encountered in first lactation high yielding cows. This may have occurred because the cows were not yet physically mature and unable to sustain both milk production and growth. The condition lasted long enough (71 ± 8.3 days from calving) to have a detrimental impact on their overall fertility parameters and was associated with significant physiological changes, representative of tissue mobilisation. Although the incidence of persistent luteal phases (PCL1 and PCL2) in dairy cows is increasing, this condition was not found to have any substantial detrimental effects on fertility or production parameters of the primiparous or multiparous cows in these studies. The main reproductive problems in our high yielding primiparous and multiparous cows appeared to be a failure to ovulate and conceive at the expected time or to maintain a pregnancy. These situations were associated predominantly with high milk yields and low concentrations of plasma IGF-I. A failure to ovulate appears to occur when body reserves are mobilised to maintain milk yield at the expense of reproduction and seems most likely to occur in primiparous high yielding cows or those experiencing GH-resistance (low IGF-I) due to excessive body condition loss, reduced feed intakes and factors such as stress and disease. More detailed investigations of dietary means of increasing IGF-I and optimising insulin concentrations, targeted at important reproductive times, are required in high yielding dairy cows, to aid in their management.

HEMMUNG VON TESTOSTERONABHÄNGIGEN DIFFERENZIERUNGSVORGÄNGEN DER MÄNNLICHEN RATTE NACH DER GEBURT

1967 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Neumann ◽  
J. D. Hahn ◽  
M. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Cyproterone Acetate ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Sexual Attitude ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
List Type ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Neonatal Treatment ◽  
Triangular Shape

ABSTRACT Male newborn rats were injected with 2 mg of an antiandrogen (1,2α-methylene-6-chloro-pregna-4,6-dien-17α-ol-3,20-dione-17α-acetate = cyproterone acetate) daily from their 1st to their 14th day of life. The following effects of this treatment were observed in these animals after onset of sexual maturity: 84% of the animals are unable to reproduce. Penis: the frenulum is broadened to a lamina of triangular shape, which almost completely prevents the preputium from being pushed back. These males show a rather insufficient male sexual behaviour towards females in oestrus. After castration and ovar implantation, some of the treated animals show true corpora lutea and at attempts of cohabitation partially female sexual behaviour towards normal male animals. From these results it can be concluded, that differentiation of the penis is not completed at the time of birth. The infertility of the animals may be caused by the penile changes (difficulties with intromission) as well as by the aimless sexual behaviour. This aimless sexual behaviour, the ability to produce true corpora lutea and finally their partially female sexual attitude under the influence of the hormones from the implanted ovaries led to the conclusion, that the above described neonatal treatment apparently inhibited testosterone-depending post partum developments of sexual differentiation in hypothalamic centers.

Studies of the oestrous cycle, oestrus and pregnancy in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Johnston ◽  
MR McGowan ◽  
P O'Callaghan ◽  
R Cox ◽  
V Nicolson
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

As an integral part of the development of an artificial insemination programme in the captive koala, female reproductive physiology and behaviour were studied. The oestrous cycle in non-mated and mated koalas was characterized by means of behavioural oestrus, morphology of external genitalia and changes in the peripheral plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progestogen. The mean (+/- SEM) duration of the non-mated oestrous cycle and duration of oestrus in 12 koalas was 32.9 +/- 1.1 (n = 22) and 10.3 +/- 0.9 (n = 24) days, respectively. Although the commencement of oestrous behaviour was associated with increasing or high concentrations of oestradiol, there were no consistent changes in the morphology or appearance of the clitoris, pericloacal region, pouch or mammary teats that could be used to characterize the non-mated cycle. As progestogen concentrations remained at basal values throughout the interoestrous period, non-mated cycles were considered non-luteal and presumed anovulatory. After mating of the 12 koalas, six females gave birth with a mean (+/- SEM) gestation of 34.8 +/- 0.3 days, whereas the remaining six non-parturient females returned to oestrus 49.5 +/- 1. 0 days later. After mating, oestrous behaviour ceased and the progestogen profile showed a significant increase in both pregnant and non-parturient females, indicating that a luteal phase had been induced by the physical act of mating. Progestogen concentrations throughout the luteal phase of the pregnant females were significantly higher than those of non-parturient females. Parturition was associated with a decreasing concentration of progestogen, which was increased above that of basal concentrations until 7 days post partum.

The effects of days-open on milk yield and on breeding policy post partum

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bar-Anan ◽  
M. Soller
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Initial Yield ◽  
Days Open

ABSTRACTThe effects of days-open on milk yields in current lactations and in following lactations were estimated from 71 911 current and 68 693 following lactation records. Yields were expressed as 305-day, total and annual records, where annual record = 365 × (total yield/days between calvings).The data were grouped according to current days-open, corrected for initial yield differences and analysed separately for heifers and cows in Moshav (moderate-yielding) and Kibbutz (high-yielding) herds. Current 305-day records increased by 15 to 18 kg milk/day-open up to 90 days-open, and 2 to 3 kg/day-open thereafter. In contrast, the effects of increasing days-open on annual yields were generally small and negative, being positive only for heifers up to 90 days-open. Thus 305-day records heavily under-rated annual yields of fertile cows. For current lactations, 70 to 100 days-open for heifers and 30 to 50 days-open for cows resulted in the highest annual production. Yields in following lactations were positively associated with days-open in the previous lactation. The effect was highest in high-yielding herds, suggesting that high-yielding cows respond positively to some rest between calvings.Combining the effects of days-open on current and following lactation yields and on the calf crop: in high-yielding herds heifers had the highest productivity when mated not earlier than 70 days post partum, while in moderately-yielding herds days-open did not affect productivity. Cows in high-yielding herds achieved highest productivity at 41 to 90 days-open, while cows in moderately-yielding herds were most productive when mated as early as possible.A comparison of the economic value of sire fertility and sire transmitting ability for milk production showed that fertility may often be over-rated.

scholarly journals Metabolic Attributes, Milk Production and Ovarian Activity of Ewes Supplemented with a Soluble Sugar or a Protected-Fat as Different Energy Sources During Postpartum Period

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesrein M. Hashem ◽  
Samir Z. El-Zarkouny
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Serum Triglycerides

Abstract The effects of two dietary supplemental energy sources on metabolic attributes, milk production and ovarian activity of ewes during early to mid-postpartum period were studied using thirty multiparous lactating ewes (Rahmani × Barki) weighing 43.10±1.22 kg and 3-6 years old. The ewes were assigned to three groups (n=10 per group). All ewes received the same diet supplemented with isocaloric and isonitrogenous protected-palm oil (50 g/ewe/d, F-group) or a sugar cane molasses (140 g/ewe/d, M-group) or without supplementation (control, C-group), for 60 days starting 2 weeks postpartum. Results showed that, during the experimental period, both energy sources reduced (P<0.05) body weight loss of ewes compared with the control (2.57 kg in F-group, 0.911 kg in M-group and 4.71 kg in C-group). The metabolic profiles of ewes were affected by the sources of energy, the highest (P<0.05) concentration of serum triglycerides was in the F-group, whereas the highest (P<0.05) concentration of serum insulin was in the M-group. The lowest serum glucose concentration was (P<0.05) in the F-group (73.20 mg/dL) and the highest in the C-group (76.85 mg/dL), whereas it was intermediate in the M-group (74.69 mg/dL). Ewes in the F-group had (P<0.05) the highest milk yield and energy-corrected milk (531.72 g/d and 554.40 g/d, respectively) compared with those in the M-group (491.76 g/d and 525.12 g/d, respectively) and C-group (429.96 g/d and 462.00 g/d, respectively). The highest (P<0.05) number of corpora lutea (CL; ovulation activity) was in the F-group (0.45), whereas it was not different between the M-group (0.25) and the C-group (0.15). In conclusion, during early to mid-postpartum period, protected-fat supplementation increased serum triglycerides concentration which was effectively used as an energyyielding nutrient for improving milk production. It could also be suggested that specific fatty acid in protected-fat improved quality of the ovulatory follicle and thus occurrence of ovulation.

scholarly journals Total and Free Plasma Concentrations of Progesterone, Cortisol and Oestradiol-I7ß during Pregnancy, Parturition and Early Lactation in Sows

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Whitely ◽  
DL Willcox ◽  
JA Newton ◽  
GD Bryant-Greenwood ◽  
PE Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Free Fraction ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Free Concentration ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Dialysis Method ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Free Plasma ◽  
Total Concentrations

The total (bound plus free) concentrations of progesterone, 20a-<iihydroprogesterone, oestradiol-17{:1 and cortisol were determined in the plasma of sows at three stages during pregnancy and more intensively from 5 days pre-partum to 5 days post-partum. The free fractions of progesterone, oestradiol-17{3 and cortisol were measured in the same samples by a rate dialysis method. Up to day 110 of gestation, the amounts of free hormone in plasma did not fluctuate independently of their total concentrations. During farrowing, the total and free concentrations of progesterone and cortisol varied independently of each other, whereas total and free oestradiol-17{3 declined simultaneously. The initiation of parturition was associated with a decrease in circulating total progesterone, and was accentuated by a decrease in the free fraction (P<O� 005) so that its active free concentration was only 20% of its day 1 pre-partum value. Total and free cortisol concentrations rose rapidly during labour so that at 12-18 h after birth of the first piglet 30% of that cortisol in maternal plasma was free hormone.

scholarly journals PENGARUH TERAPI AKUPRESUR TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI ASI PADA IBU POST PARTUM DI PKU MUHAMADIYAH BANTUL

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Anita Liliana ◽  
Melania Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Breast Milk Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

Abstract Adequacy of milk production in the newborns will affect the success of exclusive breastfeeding. Not all postpartum mothers are able to increase milk production in the postpartum period. Acupressure at the meridian points is one way to increase milk production in postpartum mothers. This study aims to determine the effect of acupressure therapy on increasing breast milk production in postpartum mothers at PKU Muhamadiyah Bantul. This study was a quantitative study  a quasi-experimental research design with pre-test and post-test nonequivalent control group. The number of respondents in each group was 17 people. The treatment given was acupressure at the meridian points for 5 minutes on days 2 and 3of poatpartum. Breastfeeding adequacy was assessed before treatment and on day 4 postpartum. Data were analyzed by Mc Nemar analysis. The results showed that there was a significant difference in breast milk production before and after acupressure with p value of 0.000 (p value <0.05). There was a significant difference in breast milk production in the control group before and after being given the breastfeeding technique leaflet p value 0.001 (p value <0.05). Conclusion: There is no significant difference in breast milk production after being given acupressure and after being given leaflets about breastfeeding techniques at PKU Muhamadiyah Bantul p value 0.100 (p value> 0.05).  Keywords: acupressure, breast milk production, postpartum

scholarly journals Kecemasan Pada Ibu Post Partum Primipara Dengan Produksi Asi

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-465
Author(s):  
Ayu Martiana ◽  
Rilyani Rilyani ◽  
Rahma Elliya
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Postpartum Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breast Milk Production ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

ABSTRAK ASI merupakan makanan yang terbaik bagi bayi produksi ASI dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu faktor nutrisi, perawatan payudara, isapan dan frekuensi menyusui, sosial budaya dan faktor psikologis. Data di Kabupaten Lampung Utara yang memberikan ASI secara eksklusif pada tahun 2015 sebesar 45,5% lebih rendah bila dibandingkan tahun 2016 yaitu 48% dari target 80%, bila dibandingkan di Lampung Timur pencapaian ASI eksklusif sebesar 54,3%. (Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Lampung Utara, 2017). Data RSD H.M Ryacudu Kotabumi pada Tahun 2016 cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif sebesar 57,4% lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan Tahun 2017 dari jumlah bayi 73 yang memberikan ASI secara eksklusif sebesar 54,8. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat kecemasan ibu post partum primipara dengan produksi asi di ruang nifas RSD H.M Ryacudu Kotabumi Tahun 2019Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Crossectional.   Populasi seluruh ibu post partum primipara yang ada di Ruang Nifas RSD H.M Ryacudu Kotabumi, sebanyak 87 responden tercatat dari tanggal 2- 29 April 2019.. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling. Analisa menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat menggunakan chi squareHasil prasurvey terhadap 10 orang ibu post partum primipara di RSD H.M Ryacudu Kotabumi   menyimpulkan bahwa didapati 4 orang ibu atau (40,0%) tidak mengalami kecemasan paska melahirkan, dan dapat memberikan ASI eksklusif dengan baik kepada anaknya. Sedangkan sebanyak 6 orang ibu atau (60,0%) mengalami kecemasan paska melahirkan yaitu dengan gejala gelisah, gugup, bingung, sangat waspada, ketakutan, dan mengalami hambatan seperti menunda-nunda dalam pemberian ASI kepada anaknya. Kata Kunci      : Tingkat kecemasan, Produksi Asi ANXIETY IN PRIMIPHARA POSTPARTUM MOTHERS WITH BREAST MILK PRODUCTION ABSTRACT Breast milk is the best food for babies. Breast milk production is influenced by several factors, namely nutrition, breast care, suction and frequency of breastfeeding, socio-cultural and psychological factors. Data in North Lampung Regency that exclusively provided breast milk in 2015 was 45.5% lower compared to 2016, which was 48% of the target of 80%, compared to in East Lampung the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding was 54.3%. (North Lampung Regency    1Health Office, 2017). RSD Mayjen HM Ryacudu Kotabumi data in 2016 the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding was 57.4% higher compared to 2017 of the number of 73 babies who exclusively provided breast milk at 54.8. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of anxiety levels of postpartum primipara mothers with breast milk production in the puerperal room of H.M Ryacudu Hospital in Kotabumi 2019This type of quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The population of all primipara postpartum mothers in the post-partum room of RSDH.M Ryacudu Kotabumi, as many as 87 respondents were recorded from 2- 29 April 2019 .. Sampling using total sampling techniques. Analysis using univariate and bivariate analysis using chi-squareThe results of pre-survey of 10 primipara postpartum mothers in H.M Ryacudu Kotabumi Hospital concluded that 4 mothers or (40.0%) did not experience postpartum anxiety, and were able to give exclusive breast milk to their children. While as many as 6 mothers or (60.0%) experience postpartum anxiety that is with symptoms of anxiety, nervousness, confusion, extreme caution, fear, and experiencing obstacles such as procrastinating in giving breast milk to their children. Keywords: Anxiety Level, Breast Milk Production 

Seasonal differences in ovarian activity in cows

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. McNatty ◽  
N. Hudson ◽  
M. Gibb ◽  
K. M. Henderson ◽  
S. Lun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Aromatase Activity ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Time Of Year

ABSTRACT The plasma concentrations of LH and prolactin and various parameters of ovarian function were examined in cows on known days of the oestrous cycle during May and June (autumn and winter) and during October (spring). Luteinizing hormone peak frequency and plasma prolactin concentrations were significantly higher in October than during the May–June period (LH, P<0·05; prolactin, P<0·01). The mean diameters of large healthy follicles (≥8 mm diameter) and the dominant oestrogen-secreting follicles were significantly larger (P<0·01 for both follicle types) and each follicle contained more granulosa cells (both P<0·01) in May–June than in October. The LH responsiveness of theca interna with respect to androstenedione production and the levels of aromatase activity in granulosa cells did not differ with time of year. The corpora lutea were heavier (P<0·05) and secreted more progesterone (P<0·01) in May–June than in October. It is concluded that seasonal differences in ovarian activity exist in cows and that these differences are probably the consequence of seasonal differences in gonadotrophin secretion. J. Endocr. (1984) 102, 189–198

Reproductive function in average and high yielding dairy cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria J. Taylor ◽  
Andrew J. Hattan ◽  
Emma C.L. Bleach ◽  
David E. Beever ◽  
D. Claire Wathes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
Service Conception ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe resumption of reproductive activity in the early post partum period and the subsequent fertility of dairy cows are of considerable practical and economic importance to the producer. Regular milk progesterone analysis was used in this study to monitor the re-establishment of reproductive cyclicity in animals of average (AGM, n=20) and high genetic merit (HGM, n=28) kept under standard management conditions. The profiles obtained were then characterised into normal and four different types of abnormal activity. Resumption of cycles occurred significantly later in the higher yielding cows than in those of average genetic merit (23 ±2.3 days in HGM cows and 15 ± 1.6 days in AGM cows; P=0.0089). There was a significant increase in the amount of abnormal cycles encountered in the high genetic merit animals compared with average yielding animals (61% and 30% respectively; χ2 test, P=0.045); in particular, the delayed occurrence of ovulation post partum (11% vs 0%) and an increased incidence of persistent corpora lutea (32% vs 20%). For high genetic merit animals, the incidence of abnormal cycles was associated with increased peak milkyields (abnormal cycles: peak milk yield 54.7 ± 1.11 kg/day; normal cycles: peak milk yield 46.4 ± 1.35 kg/day, P=0.002). This relationship was not apparent in average genetic merit animals. First service conception rates were 50% (9/18) for AGM cows and 38% (10/26) for HGM cows (χ2 test, n.s.). The calving to conception interval was 98 ± 9.7 days for AGM animals (n=l7) and 105 ± 9.1 days for HGMs (n=24) (t-test, n.s.). In conclusion, this study confirms that high genetic merit dairy cows have compromised reproductive function in terms of a delayed resumption of cyclicity and an increased incidence of abnormal progesterone cycles, which was associated with higher peak milk yields. There was also a reduced first service conception rate in high yielders although the difference was not significant with this group size.

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