scholarly journals Behavioral activities of white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari, Link, 1795) in a semi-intensive farming system in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1965-1970
Author(s):  
M.H.V. Oliveira ◽  
J.M. Oliveira ◽  
D.H.B. Domingues ◽  
F.M. Hosken ◽  
G. Tarôco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Tayassu Pecari ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Behavioral Activities ◽  
Territorial Marking

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the main behaviors of white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) expressed in a semi-intensive production system in Brazil. The behavioral activities of two groups of peccaries allocated in two paddocks were assessed, totaling 17 adult animals and eventual pups in different developmental stages. The animals were visually observed using the ad libitum sampling and scan sample methods during the adaptation and experimental phases, respectively. The animals were evaluated in the morning, afternoon, and at night. The behavioral activities observed by ad libitum sampling comprised feeding, pool contact, moving, staying inside the handling area, resting, mud bathing, mutual rubbing, rubbing, aggression, sexual behavior, copulation, foraging, breastfeeding, sleeping, territorial marking, interactions, birthing, gnawing, and other behaviors. All behaviors observed by the ad libitum sampling method were confirmed in the experimental period by scan sample, except for territorial marking and birthing. The effects of time of day were statistically significant (p <0.05) for eating, pool contact, movement, staying inside the handling area, resting, mud bathing and sleeping. These results contribute to the understanding of instinctive animal habits and to the development of nutritional, environmental and health management protocols that meet the requirements of peccaries.

scholarly journals Biochar and zeolites did not improve phosphorus uptake or crop productivity in a field trial performed in an irrigated intensive farming system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarida Arrobas ◽  
João V. Decker ◽  
Bruna L. Feix ◽  
Wilson I. Godoy ◽  
Carlos A. Casali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Intensive Farming

scholarly journals Effect of Ruminally-protected leucine supplement on milk yield and plasma amino acids in dairy cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. KRÍZOVÁ ◽  
J. TRINÁCTÝ ◽  
M. RICHTER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Plasma Amino Acids ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Ad Libitum

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of leucine supplement in the form of rumen-protected tablets on milk yield and composition and plasma amino acids in four high-yielding lactating Holstein cows. The experiment was carried out as a cross-over procedure and was divided into 4 periods of 14 d (10 d preliminary period and 4 d experimental period). Cows were fed ad libitum a diet based on maize silage, lucerne hay and a supplemental mixture. The diet, defficient in methionine, lysine, and leucine, was supplemented with methionine+lysine (Control) or methionine+lysine+leucine (Leu) in rumen protected form. The dry matter intake, milk yield and milk yield expressed in energy corrected milk did not differ significantly between the treatments. Milk protein content and yield did not show statistically significant variation. The contents and yield of casein, fat, lactose and urea were unaffected by the treatment. Blood metabolites did not vary between the treatments. The introduction of Leu resulted in higher plasma levels of proline (p

Milk production from diets of silage and dried forage. 1. Effects of methods of processing dried grass and of including barley in the supplementation of grass silage given ad libitum

1976 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Tayler ◽  
K. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Female Cattle

SUMMARY1. Young adult and adult British Friesian female cattle (heifers and cows) which were lactating were individually fed on diets of grass silage ad libitum with supplements of dried grass, dried grass/barley or barley/groundnut in two randomized block experiments.2. In Experiment I, equal quantities of dry matter (DM) as dried grass in the form of a wafer (W), cob (C) or pellet (P) were given with the silage during weeks 8 to 18 of lactation, to three groups of 12 heifers. Silage DM intakes were respectively 14·2, 14·3 and 15·8 ± 0·43 g/kg live weight per day (P<0·05). Milk yields were 14·0, 15·6, 16·7 ± 0·35 kg/day (P< 0·001). Milk composition and live-weight change did not differ significantly.3. In Experiment II, five treatment groups of heifers and cows were offered silage with equal amounts of a supplement of either dried grass pellets (treatment 1) or dried grass/barley in the ratios of 2: 1 (treatment 2), 1: 2 (treatment 3), or a barley/groundnut supplement (treatment 4). In treatment 5 the cattle received the same supplement as in treatment 4, but at a 10% higher level. Silage DM intakes for treatments 1 to 5 during lactation weeks 6 to 22 were 8·64, 8·94, 7·96, 6·96, 7·63 kg/day (1, 2>4, P<0·01; 2>5, P<0·05). The intake of digestible organic matter, milk yields and live-weight changes over the whole experimental period were not influenced significantly by treatments 1 to 4, but in treatment 5 the milk was significantly higher in fat, protein and energy content than in treatments 1 to 4. Blood composition was normal and did not differ markedly between treatments.

Organic Waste Management and Integrated Bio-Cycle Farming System for Sustainable Development in Tropical Ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Cahyono Agus ◽  
Pita Asih Bekti Cahyanti ◽  
Bambang Suhartanto ◽  
Pipit Noviyani
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Good Prospect ◽  
Tropical Ecosystem ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Key Characteristics

The tropical ecosystem had high biomass productivity but still less in economic values. Integrated Bio-cycle Farming System (IBFS) was an alternative system that harmoniously combines agricultural sectors (agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, plantation estate, horticulture) and non-agricultural aspects (industry, household, infrastructure, the marketplace) on integrated ecological management. The key characteristics of IBFS developed in UGM University Farm were (i) an integration of agriculture and non-agriculture sector, (ii) value of environment, esthetics and economics, (iii) rotation and diversity of plants, (iv) artificial and functional biotechnology, (v) management of closed organic cycle, (vi) ecosystem health management, (vii) agropolitan concept, (viii) specific management of plant and (ix) holistic and integrated system. The management of cycle of energy, organic matter and carbon, water, nutrient, production, crop, money conducted through 9R (reuse, reduce, recycle, refill, replace, repair, replant, rebuild, reward) to obtain optimal benefits for global environment and livelihood. The system had a sustainable multifunction and multi-product (food, feed, fuel, fiber, fertilizer, biopharma, water, energy, oxygen, edutainment, eco-tourism). They would meet the expected basic need for daily-, monthly-, yearly- and decade’s income at short-, medium- and long- term periods. IBFS was a good prospect for sustainable economic, environmental, and socio-culture aspects.

scholarly journals Food preferences of cockatiel chicks ( Nymphicus hollandicus ) in captivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-686
Author(s):  
D.A.S. Naves ◽  
T.S.G. Carvalho ◽  
M.G. Zangeronimo ◽  
C.E.P. Saad ◽  
J.D. Scalon
Keyword(s):  
Food Preferences ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Nymphicus Hollandicus ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Seed Mixture ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Extruded Feed ◽  
Incandescent Lamps

ABSTRACT In order to improve the management and maintenance of the quality of life of captive wild birds, this study aimed to assess the food preferences of cockatiel chicks (Nymphicus hollandicus) kept in captivity. Thirty-two cockatiel chicks, three to 12 months of age, were kept in a galvanized, wire-netted vivarium with six ceramic feeders, two for an extruded diet, two for a dry-mashed diet and two for a seed mixture. Both extruded and dry-mashed food are commercial psittacine diets. Three round ceramic pots were used to provide water. The birds were exposed to 12 hours of artificial light (40 W incandescent lamps) during the experimental period of 27 days. The birds were observed by video filming, daily, through an ad libitum observation technique. The food consumption was 3.34±0.42g/bird/day of extruded feed, 1.58±0.44g/bird/day of dry-mashed diet and 3.73±0.10g/bird/day of seed mixture. In conclusion, the cockatiel chicks preferred the seed mixture and the extruded food over the dry-mashed diet.

Dependence of the common carp (Cyprinus carpioL.) fatty acid profile on diet composition in a semi-intensive farming system: tissue and time variability

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 3121-3133
Author(s):  
Trbović Dejana ◽  
Živić Ivana ◽  
Stanković Marko ◽  
Živić Miroslav ◽  
Dulić Zorka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
The Common

Comparison of two variants of the Fick principle for estimation of mammary blood flow in dairy cows fed two levels of dry matter intake

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pacheco-Rios ◽  
D. D. S. Mackenzie ◽  
W. C. McNabb
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Fick Principle ◽  
Ad Libitum

The estimation of the mammary blood flow (MBF) is an important component of studies of the utilization of metabolites by the mammary gland of lactating animals. Although there are several flow meters available to measure MBF by direct contact with the vessels perfusing the mammary gland, their use is limited mainly by the surgical preparation required for their implantation. For that reason, the application of the Fick principle was assessed as a mean to estimate MBF as part of a study on amino acid utilization by the mammary gland in three pasture-fed dairy cows at either ad libitum or restricted dry matter intakes. Two methods based on the Fick principle were assessed, namely, arterio-venous differences of amino acids (methionine: Met or phenylalanine+tyrosine: Phe + Tyr) and tritiated water (TOH). The estimated MBF was not significantly different for the Met and Phe + Tyr methods (average of 8.1 and 8.8 L min–1, respectively). The TOH method yielded a significantly lower (P < 0.05) estimate of blood flow (average of 5.3 L min–1). Using the Met and Phe+Tyr methods, the MBF was lower during the period of dietary restriction compared with the ad libitum treatment (average of 9.4 and 7.5 L min–1, respectively). In contrast, the TOH method resulted in a numerically higher MBF for the restricted group (5.7 vs. 4.9 L min–1). The short sampling period a nd the loss of indicator in the TOH method appear to be a disadvantage for extrapolating the estimated values to balance studies with lactating cows involving longer periods of time. The estimated values obtained using the Met or Phe + Tyr appear to be re presentative of the MBF during the experimental period. Therefore, any of these methods (Met, Phe + Tyr) may be used alone or in combination as an alternative to flow meters in studies of mammary metabolism. Key words: Dairy cows, mammary blood flow, Fick principle

First description of milk flow traits in Tunisian dairy dromedary camels under an intensive farming system

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moufida Atigui ◽  
Mohamed Hammadi ◽  
Ahmed Barmat ◽  
Mohamed Farhat ◽  
Touhami Khorchani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Flow Curves ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Type 3

In order to evaluate milking ability in dromedary camels, 124 milk flow curves were registered during morning milking of 20 dairy Maghrebi dromedary camels. Animals were in lactations 1–8, were 6–19 years old and were 4–15 months of their current lactation. Milk flow curves were recorded using an electronic milk flow meter (Lactocorder®). Milk flow curves were classified in three typical patterns: type 1 represents curves with one high and short peak of milk flow; type 2 represents curves with a moderate mean milk flow rate during a large plateau phase; and type 3 represents curves with lower mean milk flow rate and a relatively longer milking duration. The ratio of the different milk flow patterns in the population evaluated was 40:38:22% for types 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The highest milk yield per milking, average and peak milk flow were observed in camels with type 1 curves (4·24 kg, 1·49 and 3·54 kg/min, respectively) followed by type 2 animals (3·30 kg, 1·12 and 2·12 kg/min, respectively) and lastly type 3 curves (2·34 kg, 0·65 and 1·23 kg/min, respectively). This study confirmed that a major proportion of dromedary camels have a suitable machine milking ability. Nevertheless, our results suggest that pre-stimulation and improving the milking process may improve milking efficiency and guarantee a more complete and rapid emptying of the udder.

scholarly journals Effects of intensity and duration of quantitative restriction of feed on broiler performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. JAHANPOUR ◽  
A. SEIDAVI ◽  
A. A. QOTBI
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Restriction Method ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Experimental Treatments

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of physical feed restriction method with different intensity and duration on broiler performance. One hundred and fifty Ross-breed 308 male broiler chicks in a completely randomized design were divided into five experimental treatments. The treatments included physical limitations by 25% or 50% of recommended amount on feed of broilers in two periods of 7 or 14 days. One control group was used fed ad libitum. Each limitation’s severity level was applied in τηρεε replications of 10 birds. All experimental treatments before and after the limitation period until slaughter (day 42) were fed ad libitum. The results showed that in total period broilers under the physical limitation of feed had significantly lower feed intake than controls (P < 0.05). In this research, methods and levels of physical restriction intensity and duration of feed had no significant effect on body weight for the whole experimental period. Methods and levels of food restriction severity and duration had significant effect on feed efficiency (P < 0.05).

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